经尿道前列腺气化电切术治疗BPH疗效的初步观察

为寻找更安全而有效治疗良性前列腺增生症的方法，采用经尿道前列腺气化电切术治疗ＢＰＨ３２例。结果患均在术后２４ｈ内恢复正常排尿。术后分别随访１－４个月，其国际前列腺症状评分由术前３０．８±１．１分下降至术后１４．３±１．０分，最大尿流率由术前５．９±１．５ｍｌ／ｓ上升至术后１４．６±２．１ｍｌ／ｓ，膀胱残余尿由术前１７８．３±５３．７ｍｌ降至术后４４．７±１３．１ｍｌ。     

激光凝固加气化切割治疗前列腺增生症

１９９４年１２月－１９９５年１０月采用ＤｏｒｎｉｅｒＭｅｄｉｌａｓ Ｆｉｂｅｒｔｏｍ６０４０型激光治疗机械行激光腺体内组织凝固及接触式激光气化切割联合治疗良性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）５８例，取得满意疗效，随访３－８个月，前列腺症状ＩＰＳＳ评分平均９．５分，最大尿流率平均１５．４ｍｌ／ｓ，残余尿量平均２４ｍｌ，均未出现严重的并发症。认为本方法具有操作简便、术中术后出血少、创伤小和并发症少等优点，为高危     

经尿道前列腺电汽化术治疗前列腺增生症

应用经尿道前列腺电汽化术（ＴＶＰ）治疗良性前列腺增生症１２０例。手术时间平均５０分钟，出血量平均３０ｍｌ，术后不需要膀胱持续冲洗。留置导尿管时间平均２６．５小时，拔管后病人排尿通畅。前列腺症状评分从术前２０．９降至术后３个月的５．１，最大尿流率从术前１０．６ｍｌ／ｓ增加至术后３个月的１９．２ｍｌ／ｓ。ＴＶＰ具有疗效显著，并发症少、技术简单易掌握，价格较低和住院时间短等优点。     

经尿道前列腺电切治疗前列腺癌(附47例报告)

为解除前列腺癌所致的膀胱出口梗阻，对４７例前列腺癌病人行睾丸切除术及采用经尿道前列腺电切（ＴＵＲＰ）治疗。平均随访２．８年。结果：电切前列腺组织１７．１±６．６ｇ，手术前后对比，国际前列腺症状评分（ＩＰＳＳ）由２３．６±５．５降至８．９±２．０，最大尿流率由６．２±３．０提高至１４．５±４．４ｍｌ／ｓ，前列腺体积由５４．６±１５．０降至２８．１±６．１ｍｌ。６例电切彻底者最后切除前列腺标本仍有前列腺癌组织。术后未发现有血行转移。认为ＴＵＲＰ是前列腺癌的姑息性治疗措施，不会引起血行转移，但电切不彻底，术后前列腺体积缩小是抗雄激素治疗结果     

前列腺部分电切术在高危前列腺增生症中的应用

为了提高高龄高危前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）患者的治疗效果，对７２例高危ＢＰＨ病人采用经尿道部分前列腺电切治疗，平均随访３．５年。结果显示：电切前列腺组织平均１４．４ｇ，占预测前列腺重量的２１．９％；术后ＩＰＳＳ由２６．５±３．７降至１０．２±２．７，最大尿流率由５．９±２．５ｍｌ／ｓ提高至１４．８±２．３ｍｌ／ｓ，而术后再手术率与其他并发症并未增加。切除前列腺组织１０～１５ｇ与１５～２５ｇ两组的术后ＩＰＳＳ、尿流率无明显差异。认为经尿道部分前列腺电切适用于高龄高危ＢＰＨ病人，手术不必刻意追求前列腺切除的重量及彻底性，其效果关键在于切除的部位与方法。     

经尿道汽化切割治疗重度前列腺增生症

目的探讨汽化切割治疗重度前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）的效果。方法应用汽化切割圈对４５例重度ＢＰＨ行经尿道前列腺汽化切割。前列腺重量平均７０．６ｇ,平均手术时间７５分钟,出血量平均４０ｍｌ。术后不需膀胱持续冲洗,平均留置导尿管时间４０．７小时,术后平均住院４．５天。结果最大尿流率由术前的７．２ｍｌ／ｓ上升至术后３个月的２０．３ｍｌ／ｓ,前列腺症状评分术前为２３．４,术后３个月降至５．６（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论经尿道前列腺汽化切割出血少,手术安全且治疗效果确切,是重度ＢＰＨ的有效治疗方法     

经直肠多次微波透热治疗前列腺增生症

１９９２年９月至１９９３年３月，作者采用经直肠微波前列腺治疗仪对５３例前列腺增生患者进行了经直肠多次透热治疗。每疗程５次，每次１小时。在４１例随访满６个月的患合中，主观症状改善率为７５．６％（３１／４１）。最大尿流率平均增力０３．１±２．６ｍｌ／ｓ。残余尿量平均减少３８．４±２５．２ｍｌ。前列腺体积无明显变化。其近期疗效与经尿道透热治疗无差异。     

Nd:YAG/KTP双波长激光治疗前列腺增生症(附61例报告)

目的探讨激光治疗前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）的微创技术。方法采用Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ／ＫＴＰ双波长激光经尿道非接触式前列腺切除术治疗ＢＰＨ６１例。随访１～２２个月。结果观察６个月,ＩＰＳＳ评分达（９０±２８）分,生活质量评分（２０±０６）分,最大尿流率（１４８±３４）ｍｌ／ｓ及剩余尿量（１５２±３１）ｍｌ／ｓ。结论本术式治疗ＢＰＨ具有损伤小,安全性高,并发症少等优点。术后最佳疗效在２～３个月以后。有效率达１００％。     

经尿道前列腺电汽化与经尿道前列腺电切对BPH的疗效比较

对２４０例有症状的前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）患者分别行经尿道前列腺电汽化术（ＴＶＰ）和经尿道前列腺电切术（ＴＵＲＰ）。结果显示：１２０例ＴＶＰ手术者，前列腺症状评分（ＩＰＳＳ）从术前的２０．９下降至术后３个月的５．１（Ｐ＜０．００１），最大尿流率由１０．６ｍｌ／ｓ上升至１９．２ｍｌ／ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＴＵＲＰ组１２０例，ＩＰＳＳ从术前的２１．２下降至术后３个月的５．２（Ｐ＜０．００１），最大尿流率由１０．２ｍｌ／ｓ上升至１９．４ｍｌ／ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１），两组比较无显著差异性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。平均留置导尿管时间：ＴＶＰ组２６．５小时，ＴＵＲＰ组５０．７小时，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。术后阳萎发生率：ＴＶＰ组２．４％，ＴＵＲＰ组１４．５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＴＶＰ组术中无大出血及经尿道前列腺电切综合征（ＴＵＲＳ）发生，需输血者仅１例。ＴＵＲＰ组３例发生ＴＵＲＳ，输血１４例。比较结果：ＴＶＰ能达到与ＴＵＲＰ完全相同的治疗效果，且并发症少，价格相对较低，近期效果满意。     

伯泌松治疗良性前列腺增生症(附529例报告)

目的　观察伯泌松治疗良性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ） 的有效性与安全性。　方法　全国４５ 家医院５２９ 例ＢＰＨ 病人口服伯泌松３ 个月,用量为１６０ｍｇ ,每天二次。　结果　口服伯泌松３ 个月后,病人前列腺症状评分（ＩＰＳＳ） 减少３７ ．５ ％ ,评分减少≥３ 分者占８９ ．６ ％ ,最大尿流率从（１１ ．１ ±７ ．８）ｍｌ／ｓ 增加到（１４ ．９±７ ．８）ｍｌ／ｓ,最大尿流率改善≥３ｍｌ／ｓ 的病人占５６ ．５％ ;生活质量评分改善≥１分的病人占７８ ．４ ％ ,前列腺体积平均减少９ ．１ ％ ;性生活也有所改善,膀胱剩余尿量减少４３ ．５ ％ 。耐受性良好,服药过程中无血压下降。　结论　伯泌松治疗ＢＰＨ 安全、有效     

经尿道手术治疗小体积前列腺增生所致膀胱出口梗阻

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切(transurethral resection of prostate,TURP)+经尿道膀胱颈切开术(transurethralincision of bladder neck,TUIBN)治疗小体积前列腺增生所致膀胱出口梗阻的疗效。方法 2002年3月～2007年1月,采用TURP+TUIBN治疗小体积前列腺增生所致膀胱出口梗阻31例,其中有完整随访资料的25例,年龄46～71岁,平均56岁,病程8～77个月,平均32个月,前列腺重量15～30 g,平均24 g。比较术前、术后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(PVR)等指标,以评估疗效。结果手术时间25～47 min,平均38 min。经尿道切除前列腺组织重量6～17 g,平均9.8 g。术后病理报告25例均为良性前列腺增生(其中20例为纤维增生型),15例伴慢性前列腺炎。术后随访6～24个月,平均15个月。23例排尿通畅,1例尿道狭窄(行尿道扩张后排尿通畅),1例膀胱颈挛缩。术前、术后6个月IPSS评分分别为(26.60±3.07)分、(6.92±1.26)分,Qmax为(7.96±2.30)ml/s、(19.60±2.31)ml/s,PVR为(132.80±64.84)ml、(18.60±7.97)ml,差异均有显著性(P=0.000)。结论 TURP+TUIBN是治疗小体积前列腺增生所致膀胱出口梗阻的一种较为理想的术式。     

Transurethral holmium laser resection of the prostate – progress in the treatment of BPH?

Summary After the initial enthusiasm subsided lasercoagulation of the prostate has been criticized because the extent of tissue destruction cannot be controlled and many patients may be expected to have significant postoperative obstructive as well as irritative voiding symptoms which may last for weeks. Thanks to new laservaporization techniques these disadvantages have been largely eliminated. With the Holmium laser a real resection of prostatic tissue is possible allowing the surgeon to see the prostatectomy defect immediately and to assess tissue destruction during the operation (“what you see is what you get”). The postoperative voiding disturbances are diminished and comparable to those after TUR-P. At the Departement of Urology of the University of Berne 116 patients were treated with the Holmium laser for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). During the initial learning period 12 patients required a secondary TUR-P due to persistent obstruction and in 12 patients a combined laser/conventional resection was performed due to underestimated prostate size. 5 patients were lost to follow-up. In the remaining 87 patients the median duration of catheterization was 2 days. 10/87 patients required postoperative treatment for urinary tract infection. There were no significant perioperative decreases in hemoglobin and no cases of TUR syndrome. 66 patients have been followed for 6 months and 30 patients have been followed for 12 months. The maximum urinary flow improved from 7 ml/s preoperatively to 15 ml/s at 6 months and 14 ml/s at 12 months. The volume of residual urine decreased from a median of 120 ml preoperatively to 24 ml at 6 and 12 months. The IPSS decreased from a median of 20 preoperatively to 3 at 6 and 12 months. In 50 patients followed with pressure-flow study pre- and 6 months postoperatively detrusor pressure at maximum flow decreased from 90 cm H₂O to 55 cm H₂O and linear PURR sank from 2,06 to 0,6. Taking into account the initial learning curve, transurethral Holmium laser resection of the prostate is a promising method of treatment for BPH as shown by the increase in urinary flow and decrease in detrusor pressure. Although it does not yet rank equally with TUR-P, it is a less invasive alternative providing efficient, safe and almost bloodless treatment of BPH.      

镍钛记忆合金支架治疗前列腺增生症216例

目的 总结镍钛记忆合金网状支架治疗高龄、高危前列腺增生症的经验。方法 前列腺增生患者216例,年龄67-89(平均76.5)岁。置管前国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)为(21.7±5.6)分、最大尿流(Qmax)(8.7±3.1)ml/s,剩余尿量(RU)(158±114)ml。在低位腰麻或硬膜外麻醉下置管,随访1年进行尿常规检查、IPSS、Qmax、RU测定、记录不适反应。结果 置管一次成功194例,2次成功18例,成功率为98％;平均置管时间:15～45min,平均住院时间:12d。多数患者术后有尿频、尿急、血尿等症状。置管后3年IPSS、Qmax、RU分别为:(13.7±4.1)、(14.8±4.5)ml/s和(38.0±21.0)ml。结论 镍钛合金网状支架可作为治疗高龄、高危前列腺增生症患者的首选方法。     

腔内镜一次性治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱结石

目的探讨腔内镜一次完成治疗前列腺增生(BPH)合并膀胱结石的临床效果。方法采用经尿道前列腺电汽化术(TURVP)及弹道碎石术一次治疗BPH合并膀胱结石42例。结果术后无须冲洗膀胱。3～5天拔除导尿管,5～7天出院,术后3个月国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)由术前的平均26．5降至4．28分,6个月为3．43分。最大尿流率(MFR)由3．53ml／s升至15．78ml／s,6个月为19．62ml／s。平均尿流率(AFR)由1．6ml／s升至4．8ml／s,6个月为5．2ml／s。结论该方法创伤小,手术安全且治疗确切,术后康复快,无开放手术所致的并发症,是BPH合并膀胱结石的有效治疗方法。     

经尿道汽化电切加电切术治疗前列腺增生症(附256例报告)

目的　探讨良性前列腺增生症(BPH)的有效治疗方法。方法　采用经尿道前列腺汽化电切(TUEVAP)加经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)联合治疗BPH患者256例。结果　手术时间20～125min,平均62min。29例(11.3%)术中需输血200～600ml,均为Ⅲ°增生者。切除前列腺组织重量8～120g,平均38g。无电切综合征发生。术后3～5d拔除导尿管,排尿均通畅。180例随访6个月～2年,IPSS由术前28.8±2.0下降至术后7.2±0.3(P<0.01),最大尿流率由术前平均(5.1±0.4)ml/s升至术后(16.7±1.8)ml/s(P<0.01)。B超复查124例,38例(30.7%)仍有剩余尿10～40ml,平均18.2ml。术后继发性出血12例(4.7%),尿道狭窄8例(3.1%),暂时性尿失禁3例(1.2%)。结论　TUEVAP加TURP联合治疗BPH可综合两者的优点,疗效显著,并发症少,安全性高,是治疗BPH的有效方法。     

接触与非接触式激光经尿道前列腺切除术(附51例报告)

为探讨并发症少、死亡率低的治疗前列腺增生症（BPH）的更有效方法，采用接触与非接触式激光联合治疗BPH51例。术中先以接触式激光将5、7点间腺体切除，再以非接触式侧射探头高功率（60W）照射树叶腺体致组织塌陷，扩大排尿通道。11例腺体较大、组织炭化重者加用经尿道前列腺切除术（TURP）。结果51例中，48例成功，3例因腺体≥80ml改行开放手术。术后随访1～12个月，平均6.6个月，平均最大尿流率17．2±4．4ml／s，IPSS平均递减8.5分。认为接触与非接触式激光联合经尿道前列腺切除术安全有效，适用于具有前列腺增生梗阻、刺激症状重的高危患者，腺体较大及中叶凸向膀胱2cm者，单独使用激光效果不佳，可在激光气化、凝固腺体基础上酌加TURP。腺体≥80ml或中叶凸向膀胱＞3cm者，不适宜腔内治疗。     

网状尿道支架治疗前列腺增生症的远期效果

目的总结应用网状尿道支架治疗前列腺增生症的临床疗效。方法１９９３年８月～１９９６年９月应用网状镍钛记忆合金尿道支架治疗前列腺增生引起的膀胱出口梗阻（ＢＯＯ）患者６１例,分别于术后６,１２,２４个月随访。结果术后２年成功率５０％,ＩＰＳＳ减少１９．３,平均尿流率（ＭＦＲ）增加５．４ｍｌ／ｓ,剩余尿（ＲＵＶ）减少９３．５ｍｌ。结论网状尿道支架治疗适合于部分由前列腺增生引起的ＢＯＯ的高危患者,随访期内未见严重副作用及并发症     

钛丝尿道支架用于治疗手术高危前列腺增生症

应用国产钛丝尿道支架放置于尿道前列腺部治疗手术高危良性前列腺增生症６９例。通过电切镜放置钛丝支架，６７例成功。术后患者排尿困难明显缓解。随诊１￣１５个月，均能自主排尿，无尿潴留发生。４１例最大尿流率于１２．５ｍｌ／ｓ，尿路感染得以控制；２６例最大尿流率大于８．５ｍｌ／ｓ，总有效率９７．１％。作者认为该方法治疗前列腺增生症简便、安全、疗效好、并发症少，对不能接受手术治疗的前列腺增生患者尤为适宜。文中     

Transurethral microwave thermotherapy for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: short-term experience with Prostcare

PURPOSE: To assess our short-term experience with transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From August 1993 through July 1994, in total 65 patients with symptomatic BPH were enrolled into this study. The patients' ages ranged from 56 to 95 years with a mean of 70 years. Under local anesthesia with intraurethral instillation of Xylocaine jelly only, all patients received one session of TUMT for up to 60 min with Prostcare equipment. Uroflowmetry was performed and international prostatic symptom score (IPSS) determined before 3 and 6 months after TUMT for assessment of efficacy. All adverse events were recorded and evaluated for clinical relevance. RESULTS: At 3 and 6 months following TUMT, the mean IPSS decreased from 19.7 +/- 6.8 (baseline) to 12.8 +/- 8.2 (-46%) and to 15.5 +/- 9.0 (-21%), respectively; the maximal urine flow rate at 3 and 6 months increased from 9.1 +/- 4.8 ml/s (baseline) to 11.0 +/- 4.9 ml/s (+21%) and to 10.9 +/- 5.6 ml/s (+19%), respectively. During TUMT, burning sensation was the most frequent complaint (38.5%), followed by urethral discomfort (29.2%) and urgency (9.2%). Two patients (3.1%) interrupted TUMT, because of intolerable pain. Following TUMT micturition pain (73.8%) and gross hematuria (45.9%) were the most adverse events. Most of these adverse events disappeared within 2 weeks. One patient suffered from skin erosion over the penoscrotal junction 1 week later. None had retrograde ejaculation; 1 patient complained of erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Although the efficacy of TUMT with Prostcare became less prominent 6 months after TUMT, TUMT was still a tolerable, safe alternative treatment of BPH, especially in patients who were not suitable for transurethral resection of the prostate or anesthesia.     

经尿道悬浮离子刀电切术治疗高危前列腺增生症

目的探讨经尿道悬浮离子刀电切术(EURP)治疗高危前列腺增生症(BPH)的治疗效果。方法56例BPH患者,经个体化围手术期准备行经尿道悬浮离子刀电切术治疗,观察手术安全性及有效性。结果全部病人均顺利承受手术,随访3～6个月,最大尿流率由术前7．5ml／s上升至术后21ml／s,国际前列腺症状评分术前平均28分,术后3个月降至8分,剩余尿量从平均140ml降至35ml。结论经尿道悬浮离子刀电切术治疗高危前列腺增生症见效快,安全性好,并发症少。