经肱动脉肾动脉支架置入术技术分析

目的 探讨总结经肱动脉途径肾动脉支架置入术的可行性及方法、技巧.方法 回顾分析2002年1月-2005年1月8例肾动脉狭窄患者,均经术前影像学评价后决定采用经肱动脉途径肾动脉支架置入,支架置入时,根据患者体型大小分别使用猪尾导管及长鞘定位技术.术后随访6个月观察血压以及肾功能变化.结果 8例患者全部为单侧肾动脉狭窄,均成功实施经肱动脉肾动脉支架置入术.其中,7例采用长鞘定位技术,1例体型较大者采用猪尾导管定位技术.无手术相关严重并发症.经过6个月随访,疗效满意.结论 对于传统股动脉入路困难或无法经股动脉操作的情况,经肱动脉肾动脉支架置入术是一种安全可靠的替代方法.     

经桡动脉路径椎动脉支架成形术的临床研究

目的评价经桡动脉行椎动脉支架成形术的安全性及有效性,主要优缺点及适应证、禁忌证,并探讨其技术要点。方法对36例不适合经股动脉路径行椎动脉支架成形术或不愿意术后卧床的患者进行经桡动脉椎动脉支架成形术(桡动脉组),统计其穿刺成功率、手术成功率及并发症发生率;并与同期52例经股动脉椎动脉支架成形术(股动脉组)结果进行比较。结果穿刺成功率、手术成功率及并发症发生率在桡动脉组分别为97.2%(35/36)、88.9%(32/36)、5.6%(2/36),股动脉组分别为98.1%(51/52)、96.2%(50/52)、26.9%(14/52)。两组间穿刺成功率、手术成功率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.09378,0.8087,P值均>0.05);但并发症发生率两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.17,P<0.05)。桡动脉组患者发生穿刺部位轻微淤血2例,无血肿、假性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘等严重并发症发生。结论经桡动脉椎动脉支架成形术安全有效,并发症发生率低,可作为椎动脉支架成形术的选择途径之一。     

Renal artery stenting in solitary functioning kidneys: technical and clinical results

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and technical results of renal artery stenting for the treatment of renovascular hypertension and renal failure in patients with solitary functioning kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with solitary functioning kidney underwent renal artery stenting and were followed up for 12-60 months. Before the procedures, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and serum creatinine levels were measured and the number of antihypertensive drugs was recorded and followed up after stenting. In case of restenosis, either in-stent percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty or stent-in-stent placement was performed. RESULTS: Primary technical success rate was 100%. One lesion was nonostial while 14 were ostial. Primary patency rates were 100% for 6 months, 92.3% for 12 months, and 69.2% for 24 months. The secondary patency rate at 24 months was 100%. The differences between the baseline and postprocedural values of systolic blood pressures, diastolic blood pressures and the number of antihypertensive drug were statistically significant (P < 0.05), except the values of serum creatinine. Hypertension was cured in 1 (6.7%) patient, improved in 4 (26.6%) and stabilized in 10 (66.7%) patients. Renal function improved in 9 (60%), stabilized in 4 (26.6%), and deteriorated in 2 (13.4%) patients. Minor complication rate was 13.4% and major complication rate was 13.4%. CONCLUSION: Revascularization of renal artery stenosis using stent in solitary functioning kidneys is a safe and efficient procedure with high primary technical results, low restenosis rates and acceptable complication rates. It has an improving and controlling effect on blood pressure and renal functions.     

颈动脉支架内再狭窄1例

患者 男性,69岁.2003年11月27日因左侧肢体无力6天入院.查体左侧肢体肌力Ⅳ级.CT:右侧基底节区及双侧半卵圆中心腔隙性梗塞.DSA检查左侧颈内动脉窦部动脉粥样硬化伴狭窄60%,行左侧颈内动脉血管内支架植入术.     

Transcervical approach for carotid artery stenting without flow reversal: A case report

Current treatment options for high-risk patients with severe carotid artery stenosis include transcarotid artery revascularization, transfemoral carotid artery stenting, and carotid endarterectomy. Transfemoral carotid artery stenting is associated with high perioperative stroke risk, and recent studies and trials have identified transcarotid artery revascularization as a new technique able to minimize the stroke risk associated with high-risk procedures. Moreover, the transcervical approach allows easy access to the carotid artery in cases with an anatomically tortuous aortic arch. Therefore, determining the optimal approach to achieve arterial access during carotid stenting is important for successful procedures and positive outcomes. We report a clinical case of ischemic stroke due to severe stenosis of the left internal carotid artery indicated for stent deployment. After transfemoral carotid artery stenting failure, the patient''s symptoms progressed from minor stroke to hemiplegia and Broca''s aphasia. The transcervical approach was used to perform transcarotid artery revascularization after several days. The procedure was both safe and prevented recurrent stroke occurrence. Although transfemoral access is the classic approach used for carotid stenting, the transcervical approach can be used as an alternative and safe choice in cases with complex vascular anatomy, such as the one described here.     

Carotid artery stenting: technical considerations

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is one of the most frequently performed operations in the United States. To offer patients a less invasive means to achieve the same goal, carotid artery stenting (CAS) is investigated as an alternative treatment to CEA. METHODS: Three hundred ninety patients underwent CAS, with 451 vessels treated. CAS was performed using a coaxial system with a 7F 90-cm sheath for predilation, stent placement, and stent dilation. Pretreatment antiplatelet therapy was administered. We currently practice same-day admissions and 23-hour discharges. RESULTS: The technical success rate was 98%. The 30-day mortality/morbidity rates were as follows: death, 1.7% (two [0.5%] neurologic and five [1.2%] systemic] major strokes, 0.9% (two of four were related to the intervention); minor strokes, 5.5%. Among 25 patients who suffered minor strokes, 14 achieved complete recovery. On an annual basis, the incidence of minor stroke declined from 6.8% (1994-1995), to 5.8% (1995-1996), 5.3% (1996-1997), and then 4% (1997-1998), with no major strokes or neurologic deaths occurring during the 1997 to 1998 period. CONCLUSION: CAS is an effective treatment for carotid stenosis. With proper selection of patients and meticulous technique, complication rates compare favorably with those of CEA.     

肾动脉支架成形术对血压、肾功能影响及其临床应用价值

目的：探讨肾动脉支架成形术对患者血压、肾功能的影响及其应用价值。方法140例动脉硬化性肾动脉狭窄行肾动脉支架成形术患者,其中男85例（60．7％）,女55例（39．3％）。年龄47～86岁,平均（67．4±9．82）岁。共施行了152条肾动脉支架置入,12例为双侧肾动脉分期介入治疗。分析手术并发症,随访患者的血压变化、服用降压药物种类及血肌酐、尿素氮变化,超声观察支架通畅情况。结果手术成功率100％。围术期并发症：肾周血肿5例（3．3％）;穿刺部位血肿5例（3．3％）;术后上消化道出血2例（1．3％）。围术期死亡1例（0．6％）。随访时间24个月,高血压患者服用降压药种类从术前平均（2．9±1．2）种下降至（1．9±1．3）种（P＜0．05）。总体上,高血压治愈0例,改善108例（77．1％）,无效32例（22．9％）。介入手术后患者血压有所改善[术前收缩压（150．04±16．69） mmHg,术后（137．05±12．58） mmHg,P＜0．001;术前舒张压（81．69±12．02）mmHg,术后（79．29±8．71）mmHg,P＜0．05];133例术前肾功能正常患者术后血清肌酐尿素氮检测低于术前水平[术前血肌酐（91．63±38．06）μmol/L,术后（87．69±40．31）μmol/L,P＜0．001;术前尿素氮（5．97±1．80） mmol/L,术后（5．63±1．83） mmol/L,P＜0．05];7例术前肾功能不全患者介入治疗后肌酐尿素氮水平无明显改善。结论肾动脉支架成形术可以使肾动脉狭窄合并高血压患者的血压得以减轻或易于控制,同时有利于维持肾功能正常。     

Carotid artery stenting with proximal embolic protection via the transbrachial approach: sheathless navigation of a 9-F balloon-guiding catheter

Purpose

Transbrachial carotid artery stenting (TB-CAS) is performed as an alternative procedure for patients with hostile vascular anatomy of the aortic arch and aortic or peripheral artery disease. Proximal protection during TB-CAS is not generally feasible because a small size of the brachial artery may preclude using a large-diameter sheath introducer. We, herein present a novel method that enables proximal protection during TB-CAS by sheathless navigation of a 9-F balloon-guiding catheter equivalent to a 7-F sheath.

Methods

We analyzed eight consecutive patients who underwent TB-CAS with proximal protection using the sheathless method from April 2016 to June 2017. Relevant demographic, radiographic, and procedural features were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

We performed TB-CAS using our method for five patients with a bovine or type 3 aortic arch, for one patient with combined peripheral artery disease, and for two patients with a type 1 or 2 aortic arch. We successfully navigated the balloon-guiding catheter via the brachial artery and performed CAS under proximal flow control in all patients. However, we experienced kinking and exchange of the balloon-guiding catheter in one patient and a periprocedural thromboembolic event occurred. A pseudoaneurysm at the access site developed in one patient.

Conclusion

TB-CAS with proximal embolic protection using the sheathless method is feasible and may provide an alternative approach in carefully selected patients who have difficult anatomy in the transfemoral approach and plaques with a high risk of distal embolization.

     

肾动态显像在动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄支架置入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像评价和预测经皮腔内肾动脉支架置人术(PTRAS)治疗动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)的疗效.方法 成功接受PTRAS治疗的单侧ARAS患者76例,分别于术前2周内和术后6个月进行99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像,利用Gates法测定患侧GFR.根据肾动脉造影结果将狭窄程度分为轻度(50％～69％)、中度(70％～89％)、重度(≥90％)狭窄;根据术前GFR测定结果将患肾功能分为Ⅰ级(GFR≥30 ml/min)、Ⅱ级(15 ml/min≤GFR＜ 30 ml/min)和Ⅲ级(GFR＜ 15 ml/min).通过对比患者术前与术后6个月肾GFR与血压变化情况对PTRAS进行疗效判定.采用SPSS 13.0软件对数据分别进行t检验、x2检验、Fisher精确概率法检验和多元logistic回归分析.结果 术前重度狭窄患者患肾GFR低于轻中度狭窄患者[(19.48±11.56)ml/min与(26.79±15.34) ml/min,t =2.262,P=0.027].PTRAS术后血压改善者占32％( 24/75),无变化者占68％(51/75).术前患肾功能为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级患者术后高血压改善率为39.62％( 21/53),高于肾功能为Ⅲ级患者的13.64％ (3/22),x2=4.825,P=0.028;多因素分析示术前患肾功能分级是影响患者术后血压改善的惟一因素(OR=0.465,P=0.032).PTRAS术后GFR改善者占22.37％ (17/76),无变化者占68.42％ (52/76),降低者占9.21％ (7/76);在血压改善组与未改善组患者中,GFR改善的比率分别为33.33％ (8/24)和17.65％ (9/51),但差异无统计学意义(Fisher精确概率检验,P=0.081).结论 肾动态显像可以客观评价单侧ARAS患者PTRAS术后患肾GFR变化,并可预测术后血压改善情况.     

两点入路血管支架修复钝性腘动脉损伤

目的 探讨患侧股动脉及胫后动脉两点入路血管支架技术修复钝性腘动脉损伤的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2011年3月至2015年3月采用两点入路血管支架技术修复11例钝性腘动脉损伤患者临床资料.术中先顺行穿刺患侧股动脉并造影评估动脉损伤情况,捻转导丝通过损伤段失败即刻穿刺胫后动脉并送入4F单弯导管和圈套器,采用导丝抓捕技术将损伤段导丝捕捉住,使其通过损伤段,并建立工作轨道,经导丝植入血管支架修复损伤动脉;对远端流出道血栓阻塞用6F导引导管抽吸动脉远端血栓,对肢体末梢动脉血栓予动脉内留置导管小剂量尿激酶溶栓治疗.结果 手术成功率100％.动脉造影显示动脉部分断裂7例,完全断裂4例,共植入支架16枚.无围手术期死亡及手术相关并发症.术后随访13～24个月,平均(18.7±3.8)个月,2例出现支架内血栓形成,经溶栓治疗后血流恢复;3例支架腔内狭窄＞70％,给予球囊扩张治疗后血流恢复通畅;6例支架腔内狭窄＜30％,未作特殊处理.随访期未发现支架断裂、变形、移位,无截肢患者.结论 两点入路血管支架修复钝性腘动脉损伤可减少手术时间,快速恢复受损动脉血流,减少肢体缺血时间,近期临床效果显著.     

Acute stenting and thromboaspiration in basilar artery occlusions due to embolism from the dominating vertebral artery

Intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) is the only treatment that has demonstrated benefit in patients with acute basilar artery occlusions (ABAO). IAT may be difficult to perform when access to the occluded basilar artery (BA) is prevented by pathology of the vertebral arteries (VA). We report on two patients with ABAO due to embolism from the dominating VA. Catheter navigation through the occluded VA and thromboaspiration enabled access to the BA. Thromboaspiration alone or in addition to IAT resulted in a complete recanalization of the BA and a favorable clinical outcome. A stent was deployed at the site of the stenosis in the VA either prior to or immediately after BA recanalization.An erratum to this article can be found at     

颈动脉支架植入术对颈动脉狭窄患者认知功能影响的meta分析

【摘要】　目的?评价颈动脉支架植入术（CAS）对颈动脉狭窄患者认知功能的干预作用。方法?计算机检索Medline、EMbase、Pubmed、CNKI、万方和维普等数据库,选取建库至2018年12月30日收录的CAS对颈动脉狭窄患者认知功能影响的随机对照试验（RCT）和队列研究文献,CAS组为试验组,药物治疗组为对照组。对比两组简易智能精神状态检查（MMSE）量表、蒙特利尔认知评估（MOCA）量表、数字广度（DS）测试和Barthel指数（BI）量表评分评估结果。2名研究员按照纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料、评价文献质量后,采用RevMan 5.3软件作meta分析。结果?共纳入2篇RCT、16篇队列研究文献,1 756例患者。Meta分析结果显示,CAS组与药物治疗组相比,术后1个月MMSE量表评分差异无统计学意义（MD=1.01,95% CI=－0.24～2.27,P=0.11）,MOCA量表评分显著升高（MD=1.88,95%CI=0.83～2.92,P=0.000 4）;术后3个月MMSE评分、MOCA评分均显著升高（MD=2.06,95%CI=0.62～3.50,P=0.005;MD=2.42,95%CI:0.9～3.95,P=0.002）;术后6个月MMSE评分、MOCA评分均显著升高（MD=2.79,95%CI=1.47～4.11,P＜0.000 1;MD=3.18,95%CI=1.73～4.63,P＜0.000 1）,DS测试评分、BI量表评分差异均无统计学意义（MD=－1.37,95%CI=－0.1～2.83,P=0.07;MD=－2.53,95%CI= －7.62～2.56,P=0.33）;术后1年,MOCA评分差异无统计学意义（MD=0.37,95%CI=－4.58～5.33,P=0.88）。结论?CAS可改善颈动脉狭窄患者术后3、6个月认知功能,对远期认知功能影响尚需大规模、多中心、高质量RCT研究进一步验证。     

Renal artery dissection: a complication of catheter arteriography.

Renal artery dissection is a rare complication of catheter arteriography. Predisposing factors include atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia. Optimum management requires aortographic documentation of the extent of vascular obstruction. Dissections causing incomplete obstruction of blood flow can be treated with systemic anticoagulation to prevent downstream thrombosis and should be followed with serial isotope blood flow studies and LDH measurements. Dissection causing complete vascular obstruction usually requires immediate surgery, although spontaneous reestablishment of flow may occur. The 3 patients discussed illustrate a spectrum of findings, including the acute development of renovascular hypertension.     

Embolic protection in carotid artery stenting: new options

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has emerged as an attractive alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients with carotid disease who are at high risk for CEA. With increasing experience and improved technique, results in CAS patients have improved consistently over time in several clinical trials. Carotid stenting is clearly not inferior to CEA in appropriately selected high-CEA-risk patients treated by experienced operators. With improving results, CAS now has the potential to be considered "front-line therapy" even in standard-risk CEA patients, as demonstrated in CREST and as being studied in ongoing trials, such as the ACT I trial. Successful, low-risk CAS can only be performed if distal embolization is minimized during this procedure. This can be accomplished only with appropriate patient and case selection, adequate operator training and experience, and meticulous attention to procedural detail. Embolic protection devices (EPDs) are an important cornerstone of low-risk CAS. There are well-established, study-validated embolic protection systems available for CAS. Four new EPD options have been introduced in the United States over the past 3 years. Results with these newer devices appear to be extremely promising, with low event rates seen in high-risk clinical patients. This article will offer a practical review of techniques to decrease distal embolization during CAS. We will review patient selection and provide a "cookbook" approach to procedural technique, emphasizing techniques unique to each of the various EPD systems currently available. We will also introduce the newer options in EPDs, provide practical tips on their use, and contrast their use and results with that of the existing EPD systems. We will provide practical procedural techniques that incorporate the use of various EPDs into strategies that will reduce distal embolization during CAS and also provide pertinent data referencing results of these devices seen in clinical trials.