Comparison of accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy and conventional radiotherapy for supratentorial malignant glioma

Between 1988 and 1993, 71 patients with glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma were treated either with accelerated hyperfractionation radiotherapy (1.5 Gy twice daily to a total dose of 69 Gy, n = 35) or with conventional fractionation radiotherapy (1.8 Gy daily to 64.8 Gy, n = 36). Two patients in each group did not complete radiotherapy, leaving 67 evaluable. All patients received the chemotherapeutic regime ACNU intraarterially (50 mg/m2) or intravenously (100 mg/m2) prior to and after radiotherapy. Between 1990 and 1992, 19 patients also received intravenous interferon-beta (3 x 10(6) U, three times weekly) during radiotherapy. The median survival time was 14.5 months for the accelerated hyperfractionation group and 14 months for the conventional fractionation group. The median time to progression was 12 months for the accelerated hyperfractionation group and 9.5 months for the conventional fractionation group. There was no significant difference in either survival (P = 0.89) or progression-free survival (P = 0.25) between the accelerated hyperfractionation and conventional fractionation groups. Interferon therapy was associated with poorer survival. Brain necrosis developed in four out of 10 patients receiving accelerated hyperfractionation radiotherapy plus interferon-beta, but in none of nine patients receiving conventional fractionation radiotherapy plus interferon (P = 0.033). In conclusion, our study failed to demonstrate any possible benefit of accelerated hyperfractionation radiotherapy for malignant glioma. The incidence of brain necrosis may be increased by combining accelerated hyperfractionation radiotherapy and interferon-beta.      

后程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌的临床研究

目的研究后程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌的疗效.方法1997年10月～1999年10月我院治疗食管癌患者120例,随机分为两组:常规分割放疗(CFR)组60例,每天1次,每次2 Gy,每周5次,总肿瘤剂量70Gy;后程加速超分割放疗(LCAHR)组60例,常规分割放疗40 Gy后改为每天2次,每次1.5Gy,每次间隔6 h,每周10次,总肿瘤剂量70Gy.结果LCAHR组和CFR组1,2,3年生存率分别为73.3%、53.3%、40.0%和63.3%、53.3%、50.0%;LCAHR组和CFR组1,2,3年局控率分别为56.6%、26.7%、16.7%和36.7%、30.0%、26.7%,两组差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论后程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌照射方法优于常规分割放疗.患者能耐受,值得临床进一步研究.     

Accelerated versus conventional fractionation in the postoperative irradiation of locally advanced head and neck cancer: influence of tumour proliferation.

Fifty-six patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were subjected to adjuvant radiotherapy after radical surgery with randomisation to either conventional fractionation (CF), comprising 50 Gy/25 F/5 weeks, or to accelerated hyperfractionation (AHF) to a dose of 42 Gy/30 F/11 days (3 F/day), a dose/F of 1.4 Gy and an interfraction interval of 4 h. The in vitro [3H]thymidine labelling index (TLI) was determined as an indicator of tumour proliferation. Early mucosal reactions were somewhat more severe after AHF than after CF and the peak was attained earlier. The actuarial 3-year complication rate was significantly lower in the AHF (64%) than in the CF group (87%). This is probably related to a smaller fraction size and a lower total dose. The overall 3-year disease-free survival amounted to 46 +/- 7%. Sex, the anatomical site, the nodal status, the performance status and TLI have been shown to be significant prognostic factors, but only the latter two proved to be independent covariates. Overall, the type of fractionation did not seem to influence survival. However, AHF seemed to offer higher survival probabilities in fast growing tumours and this attained a significant level for tumours with TLI > 10.4% (Tpot < 4.5 days). However, CF and AHF were associated with similar survival rates in slowly growing tumours. The relative effectiveness of the CF and AHF schedules is predictable on the basis of the linear-quadratic system. In the case of tumour response, a time factor has to be included assuming that accelerated repopulation of microscopic residues occurs from the outset.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Low-dose accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy for local control of chemoresistant Hodgkin's disease (a prospective randomized trial)

The results are evaluated of the combined treatment of 154 patients with relapsed refractory Hodgkin's disease, which was conducted using standard dosage of conventional chemotherapy. Out of those, 117 with residual lesions were randomized to receive either focal radiotherapy (20-24 Gy) in accelerated hyperfractionation (1.3-1.5 Gy, twice a day, at 5-hr interval) or 38-40 Gy in standard fractionation. Local control persisted in 85-97% of irradiated sites (median follow-up of 24 months), irrespective of irradiation technique. TTD being lowered down to 20-24 Gy due to use of accelerated hyperfractionation, the frequency of late-onset radiation injuries of paramediastinal lung tissue was lower than in standard treatment, with a subsequently lower fraction of patients with stage II fibrosis.     

Altered Fractionation of Hemithorax Irradiation for Pleural Mesothelioma and Failure Patterns After Treatment

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare malignancy with a bleak prognosis. The role of radiotherapy has not yet been clarified. Our aim was to study the effect of altered fractionation on mesothelioma. We have treated 57 patients, 41 males and 16 females, with hemithorax irradiation with six different fractionation schedules. All the patients have been included in a combined modality program consisting of surgery followed by chemotherapy and finally by hemithorax irradiation. The radiotherapy schedules used were: I. Conventional fractionation of 20 Gy in 10 fractions over 12 days. lI, Split-course radiotherapy 55 Gy in 25 fractions of 2.2 Gy over 7 weeks (a two weeks rest halfways) followed by a boost dose of 15 Gy over 8 days to the major tumour area. III. Hyperfractionation of 70 Gy over 7 weeks, 1.25 Gy BID with a 6-h interval and a 10-day rest halfways. IV. Combined hyperfractionation and hypofractionation, 35 Gy hyperfractionation in 28 fractions (1.25 Gy BID with a 6-h interval) over three weeks followed by 36 Gy hypofractionation 9 fractions of 4 Gy given every other day over 3 weeks to the major tumour areas only. V. Hypofractionation of 38.5 Gy over 15 days (9 × 3.5 Gy). VI. Combined conventional radiotherapy and hypofractionation with 20 Gy given conventionally in 10 fractions followed by 10 fractions of 3 Gy over two weeks, overall time 4 weeks. The 2-year survival rate of all patients was 21% and the 5-year survival rate 9%. Two patients are still alive more than 6 and 9 years after radiotherapy. Progression occurred after surgery in four patients, during and after chemotherapy in 22 patients and after completed radiotherapy in 29 patients. The pattern of progression was similar in each treatment group.     

Use of novel radiation fractionation regimens in organ-sparing therapy of bladder cancer

The findings of evaluation of complex organ-sparing therapy of 153 patients with invasive bladder cancer are discussed. Transurethral resection of the exophytic end of tumor was followed by two courses of polychemotherapy plus combined treatment. Radiotherapy was carried out by conventional fractionation (group I), hyperfractionation (group II) and accelerated hyperfractionation (group III) (total focal dose--up to 60-66 Gy). Overall and corrected 5-year survival rates were: 47.3 +/- 7.5% and 51.7 +/- 7.5% (group I), 65.6 +/- 1% and 70.4 +/- 8.4% (group II), 53.9% +/- 6.8% and 61.9% +/- 6.8% (group III), respectively. Our tentative results suggest that further efforts be made to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy by introduction of novel techniques.     

后程加速超分割放射加顺铂治疗食管癌的临床研究

目的观察后程加速超分割放疗同期单药顺铂化疗对食管癌的放射增效作用。方法将符合入选条件的104例食管鳞状细胞癌患者随机分为后程加速超分割放疗组（简称单放组，53例）和后程加速超分割放射加顺铂组（简称放化组，51例）。放疗方法2个组相同．前3周为常规放疗（2Gy／次，1次／d，5d／周），后2周改为加速超分割放疗（1．5Gy／次，2次／d，间隔6h或以上，5d／周）。顺铂于放疗第1、5周分别给予20mg／d，连续5d。结果单放组和放化组的中位生存期分别为12，2、17，0个月。单放组1、3年生存率分别为52.8％、20．8％，放化组的分别为58．0％、24.0％（P〉0．05）。放化组的胃肠道及血液方面的急性反应较明显，而急性食管炎及晚期副反应无明显增加。结论后程加速超分割放射加顺铂治疗食管癌较单纯后程加速超分割放疗有提高总生存率的趋势。     

食管癌全程加速超分割放射治疗的临床研究

目的：评价全程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌的疗效。方法：216例食管鳞癌病随机分为2个组：（1）常规分割组（CF）110例,方法为2Gy／次,5次／周,总剂量60－70Gy,30－35分次,6－7周完成;（2）全程加速超分割组（WCAHF）106例,方法为1．5Gy／次,2次／d,间隔6h以上,总剂量51－60Gy,34－40分次,3．3－4．0周完成。结果：CF组和WCAHF组的1、3、5年生存率分别为45．5％和69．8％、20．0％和40．6％、13．6％和33．0％,全程加速超分割组明显优于常规组,2个组差异有极显著性意义（P＜0．01）;而放射治疗副反应和并发症2一差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。结论：全程加速超分割放射治疗能明显提高食管癌患者的长期生存率,不明显增加放射治疗副反应及并发症。     

鼻咽癌面颈联合野配合后程超分割放疗疗效分析

目的 观察后程超分割治疗鼻咽癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法 93例鼻咽癌患者被随机分为后程超分割治疗组（后超组47例）和常规分割对照组（常规组46例）。均先行面颈联合野常规分割对穿照射Dr36Gy，20分次，4周，后超组缩野改用后程超分割照射，1．15～1．20Cy／次，2次／d，两次间隔时间6，8h，5d／周，鼻咽病灶总Dr74．8～76．7Gy，54分次，7．5周完成。对照组缩野后常规照射2．0Gy／次，1次／d，鼻咽灶总D169～72Gy，37～38分次，7．5周完成。颈部均为常规照射。结果 后超组和常规组鼻咽部肿瘤消退率分别为100％、96％（X^2=2．10，P〉0．05）；1、3、5年肿瘤局部控制率分别为100％、98％、86％和100％、86％、54％（X^2=10．90，P〈0．01）；1、3、5年生存率分别为100％、94％、85％和98％、84％、63％（X^2=8．70，P〈0．01）。两组放疗口腔黏膜反应无差别（X^2=1．00，P=0．800）。后超组复发率低于常规组（11％：30％；X^2=5．60，P〈0．05），而转移率无差别（12．8％：28．3％；X^2=3．40，P〉0．05）。结论 鼻咽癌后程超分割的局部控制率及长期生存率明显高于常规组，而急性毒性反应及复发转移无明显差别。     

Clinical radiobiology of stage T2-T3 bladder cancer

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between total radiation dose and overall treatment time (OTT) with the treatment outcome, with adjustment for selected clinical factors, in patients with Stage T2-T3 bladder cancer treated with curative radiotherapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: The analysis was based on 480 patients with Stage T2-T3 bladder cancer who were treated at the Center of Oncology in Gliwice between 1975 and 1995. The mean total radiation dose was 65.5 Gy, and the mean OTT was 51 days. In 261 patients (54%), planned and unplanned gaps occurred during RT. Four fractionation schedules were used: (1) conventional fractionation (once daily, 1.8-2.5 Gy/fraction); (2) protracted fractionation (pelvic RT, once daily, 1.6-1.7 Gy/fraction, boost RT, once daily, 2.0 Gy/fraction); (3) accelerated hyperfractionated boost (pelvic RT, once daily, 2.0 Gy/fraction; boost RT, twice daily, 1.3-1.4 Gy/fraction); and (4) accelerated hyperfractionation (pelvic and boost RT, twice daily, 1.2-1.5 Gy/fraction). In all fractionation schedules, the total radiation dose was similar (average 65.5 Gy), but the OTT was different (mean 53 days for conventional fractionation, 62 days for protracted fractionation, 45 days for accelerated hyperfractionated boost, and 41 days for accelerated hyperfractionation). A Cox proportional hazard model and maximum likelihood logistic model were used to evaluate the relationship between the treatment-related parameters (total radiation dose, dose per fraction, and OTT) and clinical factors (clinical T stage, hemoglobin level and bladder capacity before RT) and treatment outcome. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 76 months, the actuarial 5-year local control rate was 47%, and the overall survival rate was 40%. The logistic analysis, which included the total dose, OTT, and T stage, revealed that all of these factors were significantly related to tumor control probability (p = 0.021 for total radiation dose, p = 0.038 for OTT, and p = 0.00068 for T stage). A multivariate Cox model, which included the treatment-related parameters and other clinical factors, revealed that the hemoglobin level and bladder capacity before RT and T-stage were statistically significant factors determining local control and overall survival. The total radiation dose was of borderline statistical significance for overall survival (p = 0.087), and OTT did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The results of our study showed that the treatment outcome after RT for bladder cancer depends mainly on clinical factors: hemoglobin level and bladder capacity before RT, and clinical T stage. An increase in the total radiation dose seemed to be associated with a better treatment outcome. The effect of the OTT was difficult to define, because it was influenced by other prognostic factors.     

食管癌后程加速超分割照射剂量学研究

目的探讨食管癌后程加速超分割照射剂量并观察两组的近期疗效、局部控制率、放疗耐受性及副反应，并随访其长期生存率。方法采用随机抽签法将100例食管癌随机均分为60Gy组和75Gy组。60Gy组前3周采用常规分割照射，第4周起改用超分割照射（1．5Gy／次，2次／d，2次间隔6h，10次／周），DT60Gy分35次，5周完成。75Gy组照射方法完全相同，前3周常规分割，第4周起改用超分割照射，DT75Gy，分45次，6周完成。结果两组近期疗效无差别，75Gy组无C级。1、3、5年局部控制率60Gy组分别为86％、42％、32％，75Gy组分别为88％、52％、48％；1、3、5年生存率60Gy组分别为86％、40％、28％，75Gy组分别为72％、34％、16％；两组比较均无差别。中位生存期60Gy组25个月，75Gy组19个月。75Gy组重度放射性食管炎明显高于60Gy组（28％：10％，P=0．022），但75Gy组与60Gy组死亡原因无差别。结论食管癌后程加速超分割照射不宜追求高剂量，在照射野及照射技术不变的情况下增加剂量，副反应加大。在考虑增加照射剂量时应充分考虑肺及其他正常组织的量照体积及受照剂苗。     

后程加速超分割放射治疗I～II期鼻咽癌的疗效观察

目的：观察后程加速超分割放射治疗早期鼻咽癌的临床疗效、毒副反应及后遗症。方法：将108例I～II期鼻咽癌患者随机分为常规分割放疗组(常规组)和后程加速超分割放疗组(后超组),每组54例。常规组照射2Gy/次,5次/周,总量为70Gy/7周。后超组前3.5周照射同常规组,然后开始1.5Gy/次,2次/日,间隔6h,总量为69Gy/6周。结果：鼻咽部肿瘤消退率：常规组为70.97％(22/31),后超组为89.47％(34/38),但两组差别无显著性意义(P=0.05);颈部淋巴结完全消退率：常规组为86.67％(26/30),后超组为90.91％(30/33),两组差别无显著性意义(P>0.05);两组1、2、3年生存率分别为96.12％、80.97％、78.55％和98.13％、93.95％、90.87％(P=0.06),无明显的统计学差异;两组放疗毒副反应及后遗症也无显著性差别(P>0.05)。结论：I～II期鼻咽癌后程加速超分割放疗疗效未见优于常规分割放疗,但未加重放疗毒副反应及增加放疗后遗症,有必要扩大病例并作长期随访研究。     

Dose fractionation and biological optimization in breast cancer

Standard radiotherapy in breast cancer is performed at the dose of 1.8-2 Gy daily 5 fractions a week for a total dose between 45 and 60 Gy. However research is addressed to different fractionations. For total time reduction, the interest was focused on conventional brachytherapy which radiobiologically represents "continuous" accelerated hyperfractionation, as well as on conventional external beam radiotherapy with accelerated hyperfractionation. A phase I study was conducted to define and validate a radiotherapy schedule with non conventional fractionation. Nine patients with metastatic breast cancer were enrolled in the study. None of them had undergone breast surgery or lymph node dissection. They were sequentially divided into three different, progressively increasing dose levels administered with double daily fractionation. Each schedule of accelerated fractionation (AF) included the administration of 1.8 Gy in two daily fractions, at least six hours apart for 10, 11 and 12 days and a total dose of 36, 39.6 and 43.2 Gy, respectively. Results of dose escalation, acute toxicity and mathematical calculation of radiobiological equivalence led to consider the dose of 36 Gy in 20 fractions during 10 days the most suitable for cost/benefit ratio within a non conventional fractionation.     

常规与后加速超分割及常规加腔内照射治疗食管癌的远期疗效

目的　观察和比较常规分割、后程加速超分割及常规分割加腔内照射三种方式治疗局部中晚期食管癌的疗效及放射反应。方法　对 111例局部中晚期食管癌首治病例进行前瞻性随机分组研究。常规分割照射组 (常规组 ) 4 0例 :2 .0Gy/次 ,1次 /d ,5d/周 ,共 6 0Gy,30分次 ,6周完成。后程加速超分割组 (后超组 ) 4 1例 :前 3周常规分割 ,30Gy ,15分次 ,3周完成 ;后 2周加速超分割照射 ,1.5Gy/次 ,2次 /d ,5d/周 ,共 30Gy ,2 0分次 ,2周完成。常规外照射加腔内照射组 (腔内组 ) 30例 :常规外照射达 34～ 36Gy时与腔内照射同期进行 (腔内照射当天停外照射 1次 ) ,腔内照射 5 .0Gy/次 ,1次 /周 ,共 2次 ,外照射总量为 5 0Gy。结果　常规组和后超组及腔内组的 1、3、5年生存率分别为 5 7.5 %、2 2 .5 %、14 .1%和 5 7.5 %、2 9.3%、2 4 .4 %及 5 3.3%、2 6 .7%、2 3.3% ,急性放射性食管炎的发生率分别为 2 2 .5 %和 4 1.5 %及 5 0 .0 % ,出血、穿孔的发生率分别为 7.7%和 7.3%及 16 .7%。结论　虽然后程加速超分割放射治疗有提高生存率的趋势 ,但与常规分割照射组及常规外照射加腔内放射治疗组的生存率差异无显著性意义 ,但其是否在治疗中晚期食管癌方面占有绝对优势尚有待大样本前瞻性随机临床研究和长期观察     

60例胸段食管癌后程加速超分割放射治疗分析

[目的]评价食管癌后程加速超分割放射治疗疗效及并发症.[方法]60例食管癌随机分为2组:常规分割组30例,1次/天,2Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量65Gy,32.5分次,6.5～7周完成;后程加速超分割组30例,1次/天,2Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量达40Gy,20分次后改为2次/天,1.5Gy/次,10次/周,总剂量65Gy,36.6分次,5～6周.[结果]两组1、3、5年局部控制率后程加速超分割组优于常规分割组(P＜0.05),分别为70.0%、53.3%、46.6%和56.6%、36.6%、30%;1、3、5年生存率后程加速超分割组优于常规分割组(P＜0.05),分别为73.3%、36.3%、30.0%和60.0%、26.6%、20.0%.后程加速超分割组急性反应发生率较常规分割组高,但差异无显著性(P＞0.05).[结论]食管癌后程加速超分割放疗能明显提高局部控制率和生存率,不明显增加放射治疗反应及并发症.     

Programming of radiotherapy in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer--a way to advance care

Radical radiotherapy, the mainstay of treatment for early inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer, is most commonly given in daily fractions, Monday to Friday, to a total dose of 60-70 Gy over 6-8 weeks. Since the 1980s, novel fractionation schedules have been explored with the aim of improving local tumour control and survival without increasing late morbidity. There have been two main approaches. In hyperfractionated radiotherapy the dose per fraction is reduced and the total dose increased to give improved tumour control without increased late morbidity. Hyperfractionation schedules, with more than one fraction per day have been successfully evaluated, but so far significant benefit has not been achieved when compared with conventional radiotherapy plus chemotherapy. In accelerated radiotherapy the overall duration of radiotherapy is reduced to overcome repopulation of tumour cells during the course of treatment. In all the different regimens of accelerated radiotherapy a common feature is giving two or more fractions on some or all treatment days and, in some cases, a lower dose per fraction is also incorporated. CHART (continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy) is the most novel and accelerated schedule tested, and a randomised controlled trial showed a significant survival advantage from CHART compared with conventional radiotherapy. Changes in the fractionation of radiotherapy must be combined with other approaches such as neoadjuvant and concomitant chemotherapy, hypoxic-cell modifiers, and conformal radiotherapy, so that care of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer can be further advanced.     

Accelerated fractionation regimens in radiotherapy of inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer

The results of definitive radiation treatment (1988-2000) for 375 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer were analyzed. Three regimens of fractionation were used: (1) accelerated fractionation (AF)--(133), 2.5 Gy, 3 days a week, to a total of 47.5--55 Gy; (2) accelerated hyperfractionation (AHF)--(93), 1.25 Gy, daily, to a total of 60-72.5 Gy and standard fractionation (SF)--(149), 2 Gy, daily, to a total of 58-68 Gy. The advantages of AHF were established as regards complete regression rate (54.9% vs. 18.6%--SF and 18.1%--AF; p(0.001), median survival (30.5(2.4 months vs. 18.9 (1%--SF (p = 0.004) and 20.4 (2.4--AF (p = 0.004)), and 3-year survival (36.6% vs. 16.7%--SF (p = 0.005) and 15.5%--AF (p = 0.005). 17.9%, 9.0% (p = 0.11) and 8.1% (p = 0.08) have survived, respectively. Overall survival in the AHF group was superior in stages IIB--III; in stage I, the results were identical. Immediate response to radical radiotherapy appeared the only statistically significant factor of survival (p = 0.005-0.008) in all the groups.     

Continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy with/without mitomycin C in head and neck cancers.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiation therapy is often the primary treatment for advanced cases of head and neck cancers not considered suitable for radical surgery. In these cases locoregional tumour control rates are low and has warranted innovative treatment modifications, such as altered fractionation schedules and combination with chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From October 1990 to December 1997, 239 patients with squamous cell cancers originating in the head and neck region were randomized to one of three treatment options. Standard therapy consisting of conventional fractionation with 70 Gy in 7 weeks in 35 fractions (CF). The second treatment option consisted of a continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy delivering a total dose of 55.3 Gy in 33 fractions over 17 consecutive days (V-CHART). The third study arm had identical fractionation and dose as the above accelerated treatment, with the additional administration of 20 mg/m(2) mitomycin C (MMC) on day 5 of treatment (V-CHART+MMC). RESULTS: Main toxicity resulted from accelerated fractionation in confluent mucositis (Grade 3-4 in 95%) requiring nasogastral tube feeding, analgetics and antiphlogistics in the majority of cases. Haematological toxicity Grade 3-4 was seen after MMC administration in 18%. MMC administration did not influence mucosal reaction. Overall duration of mucositis was not different in the three treatment groups. Loco-regional tumour control was 31% after CF, 32% after V-CHART and 48% after V-CHART+MMC, respectively (P<0.05). Overall crude survival was 24% after CF, 31% following V-CHART and 41% after V-CHART+MMC, respectively (P<0.05). Median follow up was 48 months (assessment performed in February 1999). CONCLUSION: Following shortening overall treatment time from 7 weeks to 17 consecutive days and dose of radiotherapy from 70 to 55.3 Gy the results in the radiotherapy only treated patients are identical. A significant improvement regarding local tumour control and survival was seen following administration of MMC to the accelerated fractionated treatment.     

后程加速超分割放射治疗合并HCPT化疗治疗中晚期食管癌疗效观察

目的评价后程加速超分割放射治疗合并HCPT化疗治疗中晚期食管癌的疗效。方法将44例收治的中晚期食管癌患者随机分为2组(单放组和化放组),每组22例。放疗均采用6MVX线外照射,单放组常规分割放射治疗2Gy/次,每天1次,全疗程总剂量60～68Gy;化放组放疗前2/3疗程常规放射治疗2Gy/次,每天1次,共40Gy,后1/3疗程改用加速超分割放射治疗,每天2次,1.1～1.2Gy/次,全疗程总剂量60～68Gy,配合HCPT化疗。治疗结束,根据食管癌放疗后X线诊断标准分级,比较两组疗效,同时比较1年生存率。并按WHO制定的药物毒性标准比较两组毒副反应。结果单放组CR为22.7%,1年生存率为50%,化放组CR为59.1%,1年生存率为81.8%,经统计学处理两者均有显著差异(P<0.05);毒副作用两组无统计学意义。结论后程加速超分割放疗加HCPT化疗能明显提高中晚期食管癌患者的近期疗效,且不增加毒副反应,远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

非常规分割放射治疗的放射生物学基础与临床应用

如何进一步提高肿瘤的放疗疗效是放射临床医师及放射生物学家长期以来密切关注的问题。在放射生物学对放疗的时间、剂量、分割次数深入研究基础上,20世纪70年代开始提出了多种非常规分割的放疗方法,如超分割放疗（HRT）、加速超分割放疗（HART）,包括连续加速超分割放疗（CHART、CHART—WEL）、同时小野加量加速超分割放疗（CBHART）、分段加速超分割放疗（SCHART）、后程加速超分割放疗（LCHART）、逐步增量加速超分割放疗（EHART）等和连续加速常规分割放疗（CAIR）,并在临床应用中取得了明显的治疗效果。