SWH液对大鼠肝脏保存有效时间的探讨

目的通过与UW液进行比较,探讨SWH液对SD大鼠肝脏保存的有效时间.方法应用大鼠原位肝移植模型,通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）,检测肝组织ATP、ADP、AMP,计算总腺苷酸含量（TAN）及Atkinson＇s能量转换（EC）,判断肝脏能量代谢状态;通过检测谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）含量,判定肝脏功能;观察移植术后7d动物存活率,判定SWH液对大鼠肝脏有效保存的时间.结果保存18 h组的ATP、TAN、EC恢复水平明显低于保存8 h组,相差显著,保存12 h组与保存8 h组比较相差不显著;保存18 h组的ALT、AST、LDH明显高于保存8h组,差异显著,保存12 h组与保存8 h组比较相差不显著;SWH液组移植术后7 d动物存活率有高于UW液组的趋势.结论无论使用SWH液还是UW液,SD大鼠肝脏有效保存的时间都不超过12 h.     

自制KYL液对大鼠肝脏低温保存后细胞凋亡影响的研究

目的 研究自制的KYL液对大鼠肝脏低温保存后细胞凋亡的影响。方法 采用大鼠肝脏非循环离体灌注模型（noncirculated isolated perfusion of ratliver，IPRL），随机以KYL液和UW液对大鼠肝脏保存0、4、8、16、24、48h，测定灌注流出液氧自由基代谢产物（丙二醛MDA和超氧化物歧化酶SOD）的含量，检测肝细胞内钙离子浓度，检测肝细胞凋亡率和凋亡相关基因表达，观察肝脏组织形态学变化。同时设生理盐水保存阴性对照组，了解器官保存液对大鼠肝脏有无保护作用。结果 KYL液保存的大鼠肝脏肝细胞内钙离子浓度较UW液保存者低，灌注流出液MDA和SOD含量与UW液保存者相近，两者肝细胞凋亡率及凋亡基因表达情况相近，光、电镜观察两者形态学变化基本一致。两组所有指标均较生理盐水保存组好，说明两种液体对大鼠肝脏均有保护作用。结论 自制的KYL液对大鼠肝脏的保存效果在钙拮抗方面略优于UW液，在抑制细胞凋亡方面与UW液相当，而在防止细胞水肿方面较UW液稍差。     

环孢霉素A预处理对大鼠移植肝脏影响的实验研究

目的：研究环孢霉素A（CsA）预处理保存大鼠肝脏对原位移植后的植肝功能影响。方法：将大鼠随机分为A组（对照组，HTK液保存组）和B组（实验组，HTK液＋CsA保存组），两组均保存12h后行原位肝移植，分别于供肝保存0h、12h及植术后7d检测各组血清谷丙转氨酶（AST），谷草转氨酶（AST），乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）浓度及各时间段线粒体呼吸功能RCR及P／O值。通过HE染色及原位凋亡染色观察各组肝脏组织细胞形态学改变及凋亡情况。结果：B组血清ALT、AST、LDH活性于保存12h显著低于A组，B组各时间段RCR及P／O值于保存12h，移植术后0．5h及术后7d均高于A组。细胞形态学检查B组移植肝组织细胞结构改变轻微，凋亡指数于保存12h．术后0．5h均低于A组。结论：CsA预处理供肝主要通过保护线粒体功能减轻冷保存期和再灌注对大鼠供肝的损伤及抑制肝细胞的凋亡，使大鼠原位肝移植后存活率升高。     

大鼠供肝冷保存时间延长损伤移植肝肝细胞和肝窦内皮细胞

目的 探讨供肝冷保存时间与肝移植后肝细胞和肝窦内皮细胞（SEC）损伤的关系。方法 选取健康雄性SD大鼠作为供、受者，建立原位肝移植（OLT）模型。随机分为3组，冷保存1h组（H=48）：供肝获取后，置于4C的冷保存液中保存1h，再行OLT。冷保存12h组（n=48）：供肝获取后，置于4℃的UW液中保存12h，再行OLT。对照组（H=6）：大鼠只打开腹腔，不进行移植。前2组分别于术后1、6、12、24、48、72、96和168h采取血液及组织标本，对照组仅在开腹时取血液及组织标本，检测各组、各时点血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）及透明质酸（HA）的水平；观察移植肝的病理形态学变化，透射电镜观察其超微结构改变；原位末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶标记法（TUNEL）检测移植肝细胞的凋亡情况；观察术后168h时的大鼠存活率。结果 冷保存1h和冷保存12h组肝移植后各时点血清ALT、AST及HA均较对照组明显升高（P〈0．05），并且冷保存12h组又明显高于冷保存1h组（P〈0．05）。冷保存12h组术后24h移植肝组织出现片状坏死，而冷保存1h组病理学改变不明显。冷保存12h组肝窦内皮细胞凋亡指数（AI）明显高于冷保存1h组（F=63．58，P〈0．01），两组大鼠移植肝组织均于术后6h出现凋亡高峰，且肝窦内皮细胞的凋亡指数明显高于肝细胞。冷保存1h组和冷保存12h组大鼠肝移植后168h时的存活率分别为100％和50％，两组比较，差异有统计学意义（F=6．39，P〈0．05）。结论 肝移植后肝细胞和肝窦内皮细胞的损伤程度与冷保存时间密切相关。肝窦内皮细胞对冷保存及再灌注损伤的敏感性高于肝细胞，其损伤方式以细胞凋亡为主。     

冷保存供肝肝移植大鼠肝窦内皮细胞损伤机制的研究

目的 探寻肝移植大鼠肝窦内皮细胞(SEC)损伤的详细过程、方式及机制,为冷保存再灌注损伤的保护研究开辟新的途径.方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(n=6)、UW 1 h肝移植组(n:48)、Uw 12 h肝移植组(n=48).大鼠原位肝移植采用双袖套法,分别于术后不同时相点采取血液及组织标本,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)及透明质酸(HA)水平;HE染色观察肝脏病理学变化;TUNEL法检测凋亡,免疫组化法检测Bcl-2及Cleaved Caspase-3的表达状况.结果 UW 1 h、UW 12 h组肝移植后血清ALT、HA均较假手术组明显升高(P<0.05),UW 12 h组又明显高于Uw 1 h组(P<0.05).UW 12 h组ALT水平于术后6 h达高峰,而HA水平却在术后1 h、24 h呈双峰表现.Uw 12 h组首先出现SEC的凋亡继而出现肝细胞的坏死,且UW 12 h组细胞凋亡指数(apoptosis index,AI)明显高于UW 1 h组(P<0.01).两组大鼠SEC的AI均于术后6 h达高峰,与血中ALT的高峰时相点一致.肝移植术后Bcl-2表达明显减弱(P相似文献   

Celsior液与UW液对无心跳大鼠供肝保存效果的比较

目的 比较Celsior(CS)液与UW液对大鼠无心跳供者(NHBD)供肝的保存效果.方法 选取健康雄性SD大鼠作为肝移植的供、受者.通过阻断大鼠主动脉和膈上下腔静脉10 min的方法,制备和获取NHBD供肝,并采用不同的器官保存液灌注和冷保存供肝.随机将受者分为4组.CS8 h组:受者采用经CS液灌注和冷保存8 h的供肝移植;UW8 h组:受者采用经UW液灌注和冷保存8 h的供肝移植;CS16 h组:受者采用经CS液灌注和冷保存16 h的供肝移植;UW16 h组:受者采用经UW液灌注和冷保存16 h的供肝移植.受者门静脉开放前、开放后1、3及6 h,取各组受者的静脉血检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、内皮素1(ET-1)、白细胞介素1(IL-1)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平;观察和比较各组受者的胆汁生成量、移植肝组织病理学改变及术后7 d内的存活率.结果 NHBD供肝经UW液灌注后呈"花斑"状,肝叶边缘灌注不良,经CS液灌注后肝叶边缘灌注良好.CS8 h组和UW8 h组受者的胆汁生成量分别为(0.21±0.01)ml和(0.10±0.02)ml(P<0.05).门静脉开放后1、3及6 h,CS8 h组受者的血清ALT及AST水平明显低于UW8 h组(P<0.05),门静脉开放后1、3h,CS8 h组受者的血清ET-1、IL-1及TNF-α水平均明显低于UW8 h组(P<0.05);CS8 h组受者移植肝肝窦扩张、门静脉充血及炎症细胞浸润等病理学改变明显轻于UW8 h组,CS8 h组和UW8 h组受者术后7 d的存活率分别为58.3%和25.0%(P<0.05).CS16 h组和UW16 h组受者各时点的胆汁分泌量、血清ALT、AST、ET-1、IL-1及TNF-α水平的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组受者均在术后3 d内死亡,两组受者移植肝组织病理学改变无明显差异.结论 CS液对大鼠NHBD供肝的保存效果优于UW液,这可能与UW液较CS液粘稠及CS液能够减少枯否细胞的激活有关;NHBD供肝的冷保存时间不宜超过16 h.     

自制多器官保存液对大鼠肝脏保存的效果

目的 探讨自制多器官保存液(self-designed multi-organ preservation solution,SMO)对大鼠肝脏低温保存的效果.方法 使用SMO液、UW液和肾脏保存液保存大鼠肝脏6、12和24 h后进行肝移植,观察移植后12 h肝功能改变和移植后14 d大鼠存活情况.结果 SMO液保存24 h之内,肝脏的形态学观测无明显改变.SMO液组与UW液组TB、ALT和血清透明质酸同步升高;肾脏保存液组显著升高,与SMO液组比较差异有统计学意义(F=49.027,70.280,34.349,71.532,446.544,303.408,P＜0.05).SMO液组肝移植后14 d大鼠存活情况良好.结论 大鼠原位肝移植模型证实,SMO液与UW液在保护肝脏功能方面作用相当,优于肾脏保存液.     

磷酸肌酸对离体大鼠肝脏冷保存的保护作用

目的探讨磷酸肌酸(CP)对大鼠离体肝脏冷保存的保护作用。方法建立大鼠肝脏单纯冷保存离体灌注模型,对照组予单纯威斯康星大学保存液(UW液)灌注肝脏,低剂量组以UW液为基液加入1 g/100 ml CP灌注肝脏,中剂量组以UW液为基液加入2 g/100 ml CP灌注肝脏;高剂量组以UW液为基液加入3 g/100 ml CP灌注肝脏。各组大鼠肝脏分别于4℃相应灌注液中冷保存后0、6、12、18、24 h共5个时间点,分别检测肝下下腔静脉内保存液的丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量,检测肝脏组织丙二醛(MDA)含量、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性,观察肝脏组织肝细胞的凋亡指数(AI)和肝脏组织核因子-κB阳性表达率,光学显微镜下观察肝脏组织的病理学变化。结果低、中、高剂量组大鼠肝脏在冷保存12 h后,ALT及LDH含量均低于对照组(均为P0.05);冷保存18 h后低、中、高剂量组大鼠肝脏组织的MDA、MPO含量均低于对照组(均为P0.05);在冷保存12 h及18 h时,低、中、高剂量组大鼠肝脏的肝细胞AI及核因子-κB阳性表达率均低于对照组(均为P0.05);冷保存24 h后,高剂量组保存液的ALT、MDA含量均明显高于对照组及低、中剂量组(均为P0.05)。病理检查结果显示,高、中、低剂量组大鼠肝脏的损伤明显轻于对照组,各剂量组之间比较无明显差别。结论在UW液中加入CP对大鼠离体肝脏冷保存有较好的保护作用,优于单纯应用UW液保存。     

大黄素对大鼠移植肝细胞凋亡的作用

目的探讨大黄素对大鼠肝脏移植术后肝细胞凋亡的作用。方法建立大鼠肝移植模型,分为三组:对照组,供受体均为LEW大鼠;移植组;供体为LEW大鼠,受体为BN大鼠;大黄素组,在移植组基础上,移植术后每日以大黄素50mg·kg-1腹腔注射。分别于术后第1,3,5,7天各取6只移植大鼠的肝脏,TUNEL法染色,检测肝脏细胞凋亡。以肝脏细胞凋亡阳性细胞数占总肝脏细胞数的百分比作为肝细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果移植组肝细胞于术后第1天即已出现凋亡,第3天明显增加,第7天达到高峰。大黄素组各时间点肝细胞凋亡指数明显小于对应的移植组(P<0.01)。结论大黄素对肝移植急性排斥反应中肝细胞凋亡有显著抑制作用。     

自制KYL液和UW液保存大鼠肝脏效果的比较

目的比较自制的KYL液和UW液对大鼠肝脏的保存效果。方法采用大鼠肝脏非循环离体灌注模型(noncirculatedisolatedperfusionofratliver),随机以KYL液和UW液对大鼠肝脏保存0、4、8、16、24和48h,记录胆汁流出量,测定灌注流出液天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和氧自由基代谢产物丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量,检测肝细胞内钙离子浓度,观察肝脏组织形态学变化。同时设生理盐水保存阴性对照组,了解器官保存液对大鼠肝脏有无保护作用。结果KYL液保存的大鼠肝脏在保存16h以内各时相胆汁流出量均较UW液保存者高(P<0.01),灌注流出液AST、ALT和LDH含量与UW液保存者相近,肝细胞内钙离子浓度较UW液保存者低(P<0.01);KYL组保存24及48h时,MDA含量低于UW组,SOD含量高于UW组(P<0.01);光、电镜观察两者形态学变化基本一致。两组所有指标均较生理盐水保存组好,提示KYL保存与UW液一样对大鼠肝脏具有保护作用。结论自制的KYL液对大鼠肝脏的保存效果总体上与UW液相当,在再灌注后肝细胞胆汁分泌方面和钙拮抗方面略优于UW液,而在防止细胞水肿方面较UW液稍差。     

大鼠肝脏保存中不同器官保存液对肝细胞凋亡的影响

目的 研究３种目前国内常用的器官保存液对供肝细胞凋亡的影响。方法 分别用ＵＷ液、ＨＣ－Ａ液和ＷＭＯ－１号液灌洗并保存大鼠肝脏,于保存后０、１２、２４ｈ用原位末端标记法检测供肝细胞凋亡情况,并将保存２４ｈ的肝及行大鼠原位全肝移植,观察受者的３ｄ存活率。结果 ３种保存液保存的肝脏均在保存１２ｈ时出现细胞凋亡,ＨＣ－Ａ液级瑟ＷＭＯ－１号液组的凋亡指数（ＡＩ）高于ＵＷ液组（Ｐ〈０．００１）,而ＨＣ－Ａ液组     

ET-Kyoto solution plus dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate is superior to University of Wisconsin solution in rat liver preservation

ET-Kyoto solution (ET-K) is an extracellular-type organ preservation solution containing the cytoprotective disaccharide, trehalose. A previous study reported the supplement of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP) in conventional ET-K to attenuate lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, the efficacy of this modified ET-K for liver preservation was investigated by comparison with University of Wisconsin solution (UW). ET-K was supplemented with db-cAMP (2 mmol/L). Lewis rats were randomly assigned to two groups, and liver grafts were flushed and stored at 40C for 24 h with ET-K or UW before syngeneic liver transplantation. The graft function and histological changes at 4 h posttransplant as well as 7-day survival were evaluated. Recipient rat survival rate was significantly higher in the ET-K group than in the UW group. Preservation in ET-K resulted in a significant reduction in serum parenchymal transaminase level and promotion of bile production in comparison with UW. The serum hyaluronic acid level, an indicator of sinusoidal endothelial cell injury, was significantly lower after ET-K preservation than that in UW. Histologically, at 4 h after transplantation, the liver grafts preserved in UW solution demonstrated a greater degree of injury than those in ET-K, which appeared to be apoptosis, rather than necrosis. The continuity of the sinusoidal lining was better preserved in ET-K than in UW. In conclusion, ET-K supplemented with db-cAMP is superior to UW in rat liver preservation. This modified ET-K might therefore be a novel candidate for the procurement and preservation of multiple organs.     

Apoptosis and regeneration of sinusoidal endothelial cells after extended cold preservation and transplantation of rat liver

BACKGROUND: Sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) are particularly susceptible to cold ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We have examined the process of injury and recovery of graft after cold-preserved liver transplantation, with special focus on the proliferation of SECs and regulatory mechanisms involved. METHODS: Male SD rats were divided into two groups according to length of cold preservation time in University of Wisconsin [UW] solution of graft: UW1h group and UW12h group. Graft function, incidence of apoptosis, proliferation of SECs and the expression of related regulatory factors were assessed after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). RESULTS: SECs are more sensitive to apoptosis induced by cold I/R injury compared with hepatocytes. Using bromodeoxyuridine and rat endothelial cell antigen-1 double immunostaining assay, SECs exhibited a delayed proliferation in comparison with hepatocytes, reaching a peak at 72 hr in UW1h group and 96 hr in UW12h group, respectively. Vascular endothelial growth factor increased at 24 hr after reperfusion, and peaked at 72 hr in both groups. Flt-1 and flk-1 expression was found to be mainly limited to SECs, with a peak in expression occurring between 72 and 96 hr, which coincided with the peak in SEC proliferation in UW1h group. However, flt-1 was found to be reduced significantly at any time throughout the experiments in UW12h group compared to sham. CONCLUSION: The delayed recovery of rat liver after extended cold preservation and transplantation correlates with a retarded regeneration of SECs due to increased apoptosis and reduced expression of flt-1. These results suggest that SECs play an important role in cold-preserved liver transplantation.     

Apoptosis is caused by prolonged organ preservation and blocked by apoptosis inhibitor in experimental rat pancreatic grafts

Apoptosis is a major mode of cell death after ischemia/reperfusion injury in several organs. The aims of this study were to evaluate apoptosis induction after different conditions of pancreas preservation and to investigate the impact of a caspase inhibitor on apoptosis induction in pancreatic grafts. METHODS: Inbred male Lewis rats served as donors and recipients. Apoptosis was detected using an in situ cell death detection kit and an apoptotic DNA ladder kit (Roche, Germany). An apoptotic index (AI) was defined as the number of apoptotic cells per field (400x) under a light microscope. The five groups included: group 1 (n = 5), normal pancreata; group 2 (n = 7), pancreata stored in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution (4 degrees C) for 6 hours (hr); group 3 (n = 7), pancreata preserved in UW solution (4 degrees C) for 18 hr; group 4 (n = 7), pancreata preserved in 0.9% saline (4 degrees C) for 6 hours; and group 5 (n = 5), pancreata preserved in 0.9% saline (4 degrees C) for 6 hours with Z-Asp-2,6-dichlorobenzoyloxymethylketone (caspase inhibitor) treatment. The pancreatic grafts in all experimental groups underwent a 2-hr period of reperfusion after transplantation. RESULTS: The results in this study showed that the AI was not significantly increased among pancreatic grafts in group 2 compared to group 1 (P >.05). However, AI in group 3 was significantly higher than that in group 2 (P <.05). The highest AI was observed in group 4. Interestingly, AI in group 5 was significantly lower than that in group 4 (P <.01), and not significantly different from group 1 (P >.05). Apoptotic DNA ladders were detected in the pancreatic grafts in group 2, 3, and 4, but not in group 1 and 5. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged preservation of pancreata in cold UW solution induces a dramatic increase in apoptotic cell death among the pancreatic grafts following Tx. This observation may well be an important mechanism of graft damage. A caspase inhibitor might be useful to inhibit apoptosis induction in pancreatic grafts.     

Viability of liver grafts from fasted donor rats: relationship to sinusoidal endothelial cell apoptosis

Previous studies have shown that livers from fasted donors appear to tolerate long-term preservation better than livers from fed donors, but the mechanism is not clear. Some studies have shown that the apoptosis of sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) appeared to be a pivotal mechanism of ischemia/reperfusion injury in liver transplantation. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the relation of SEC apoptosis to liver viability in rats after liver transplantation, comparing findings for fasted and fed donors. Wistar rats were used as donors and recipients. The fed group had access to solid feed and water ad libitum. The fasted group was allowed access only to water for 4 days prior to liver harvest. All rat livers were preserved with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution at 2 °C for 24 h. After preservation, the livers were orthotopically transplanted, and survival time was measured. Apoptosis was determined by in-situ staining for apoptotic cells, using a TdT-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and electron microscope (EM) examination separately. The 14-day survival rates after 24-h preservation were 0% (0/11) for recipients of livers from fed donors and 91% (10/11) for recipients of livers from fasted donors. There was no significant difference in the numbers of TUNEL-positive SEC after 24-h preservation between the two groups. However, at 6 h after transplantation, the number of TUNEL-positive SEC was significantly higher in the fed group than in the fasted group. These results suggest that donor fasting decreases SEC apoptosis after reperfusion alone, and that this may be related to the protection of the liver graft from reperfusion injury. Received: December 22, 2000 / Accepted: February 15, 2001     

双层法氧合冷保存心跳停搏大鼠肝细胞移植研究

目的 观察双层法(TLM)氧合冷保存较UW保存能否改善心跳停搏供体(NHBD)肝细胞存活率和功能.方法 SD大鼠为供体,建立NHBD模型,NAPs大鼠为受体.根据热缺血时间(WIT)15 m/n和30 m/n分成2组;按TLM、UW分别保存3、12 h和未保存再各分5个亚组(n=5).检测NHBD肝细胞存活率和ATP水平,观察肝细胞移植(HTx)后肝细胞形态和功能.结果 TLM3、12 h组肝细胞存活率分别显著高于UW 3、12 h组[(69.7±4.1)%和(69.1±2.0)%比(55.1±2.3)%和(53.3±2.0)%;P<0.01];TLM 3、12 h组AlP水平分别显著高于UW 3、12 h组(3.25±0.79和3.06±0.67比2.25±0.53和1.63±0.40;P<0.05或P<0.01).HTx后几乎所有时间点TLM组血清白蛋白(ALB)水平都显著高于UW组(P<0.05或P<0.01).在HTx 14d后,形态学显示TLM组肝细胞保持强活力,糖原和ALB染色呈强阳性.结论 TLM氧合冷保存可显著改善和逆转NHBD肝细胞存活率和功能,减少NHBD肝细胞缺血性损伤.     

Improved preservation of the rat liver for orthotopic liver transplantation: use of University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution and retrograde reflushing

This study investigated cold preservation and reflushing before orthotopic liver transplantation by examining (1) new University of Wisconsin solution (UW) versus Euro-Collins solution (EC), (2) retrograde reflushing (RR) versus antegrade reflushing (AR), and (3) the addition of a platelet-activating inhibitor (PAF), superoxide disumatase (SOD), or SOD + catalase to UW. Syngeneic, male Lewis rats (200 to 400 gm) were used. Preservation for 9, 12, 18, or 24 hours in UW or EC with RR (through the inferior vena cava) was used. The 9- and 12-hour groups experienced a significant decrease in the weight of the grafts preserved in UW. The 3-week survival rate after 9 hours of preservation (n = 6) in UW was 66%, and the survival rate with EC was 0% (p less than 0.025). After 12 hours of preservation, recipient survival rate was 70% (n = 10) with UW versus 0% (n = 4) with EC (p less than 0.025). RR of the graft with cold lactated Ringer's solution immediately before reimplantation significantly improved 3-week survival in the 12-hour group to the level of the control group (no preservation time, 69%). Preservation for 12 hours in UW followed by AR yielded a 3-week survival of 14%; 3-week survival for the RR group was 70% (p less than 0.025). Furthermore, RR allowed a 3-week survival of 33% and 20% after 18 and 24 hours of UW preservation, respectively. In the 24-hour RR/UW group, donor pretreatment with SRI 63-441 (20 mg/kg, intravenously) and recipient treatment with SOD (15 mg/kg, intravenously) or SOD + catalase (15 mg/kg and 5000 units/kg, intravenously) produced a 3-week survival comparable to preservation in UW followed by RR alone. These studies show that UW is a profound improvement over EC for cold preservation of liver and that the new application of RR to rat orthotopic liver transplantation improves survival. However, the addition of free-radical scavengers or PAF does not improve organ function or recipient survival in this model.