HPLC法测定复方呋喃西林栓的含量

目的: 建立测定复方呋喃西林栓中呋喃西林和替硝唑含量的高效液相色谱法.方法: 用C18柱为固定相,以甲醇-水(30∶70)为流动相,检测波长为263 nm.结果: 呋喃西林和替硝唑分别在9.7～22.6 μg·ml-1和192.1～448.1 μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(r呋=0.999 8 r替=0.999 9),平均回收率分别为100.6%和100.4%,RSD为1.2%(n=5)和1.2%(n=5).结论: 用该法同时测定复方呋喃西林栓中两主药的含量简便、快速,准确可靠.     

复方妇炎康栓的制备及质量控制

目的:制备复方妇炎康栓剂并建立其质量标准、方法:以替硝唑、呋喃西林等为主药制备栓剂;以高效液相色谱法控制含量。结果:复方妇炎康栓中替硝唑和呋喃西林分别在192.0 480μg/ml～448.1 120μg/ml(r替=0.9 999)和9.6 672μg/ml～22.5 568μg/ml(r呋=0.9 998)浓度范围内线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为100.37％、101.45％,相对标准差分别为1.171％(n=5)、1.771％(n=5)。结论:复方妇炎康栓性质稳定,质量控制方法简便,含量测定准确、可靠。     

HPLC法同时测定复方氨酚烷胺片中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的含量

目的建立复方氨酚烷胺片中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的含量测定方法。方法用KromasilC18色谱柱(250×4.6mm,5μm),以0.1%醋酸溶液-甲醇(50:50)(用二乙胺调pH至3.7)为流动相,流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为272nm。结果对乙酰氨基酚和无水咖啡因的线性范围分别为100.12～300.36μg·mL-1(r=0.9997)和5.51～16.54μg·mL-1(r=0.9999),平均回收率分别为99.3%,RSD=1.1%(n=5)和98.4%,RSD=0.5%(n=5)。结论本法适用于复方氨酚烷胺片中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的含量测定。     

HPLC法同时测定地呋乳膏中呋喃西林和醋酸地塞米松的含量

目的:建立同时测定地呋乳膏中呋喃西林和醋酸地塞米松含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为AgilentTC-C18柱,流动相为甲醇-水(60:40),流速为0.8mL.min-1,检测波长为240nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。结果:呋喃西林和醋酸地塞米松检测浓度分别在10.11～202.20μg.mL-(1r=0.9999)和2.51～50.20μg.mL-(1r=0.9999)范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系;呋喃西林平均加样回收率为100.03%(RSD=1.06%,n=9),醋酸地塞米松平均加样回收率为99.55%(RSD=0.96%,n=9)。结论:该方法快速、简便,重复性好,结果可靠,可用于地呋乳膏的质量控制。     

呋麻滴鼻液的质量标准研究

目的建立呋麻滴鼻液的质量标准。方法用高效液相色谱法对呋麻滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱和呋喃西林进行鉴别和含量测定,采用Phenomenex C18色谱柱,以0.1 mol·L-1醋酸铵(用冰醋酸调节pH3.0)-乙腈(85∶15)为流动相,检测波长为254 nm,柱温为室温。结果高效液相色谱法检测出盐酸麻黄碱和呋喃西林。盐酸麻黄碱在156.25～1 250.00μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 8,平均回收率为97.21%(n=5),RSD为0.9%;呋喃西林在3.12～25.00μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 8;平均回收率为97.21%(n=5),RSD为1.0%。结论该方法简便、快速、准确并且专属性强。     

离子对RP-HPLC同时测定复方苦参注射液中氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和苦参碱的含量

目的:建立同时测定复方苦参注射液中氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和苦参碱含量的方法。方法:采用离子对RP-HPLC法,色谱柱为Diamonsi C18(2)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-甲醇-水(35∶10∶55,水相中含5.5%磷酸和1.5%SDS),流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长220 nm,柱温为室温。结果:氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和苦参碱分别在9.92～99.2μg.mL-1(r=0.9991,n=5)、4.08～32.64μg.mL-1(r=0.9993,n=5)和20.16～161.28μg.mL-1(r=0.9996,n=5)范围内呈良好线性关系;平均回收率(n=6)分别为98.9%(RSD=1.2%),99.5%(RSD=1.4%)和100.2%(RSD=1.0%)。结论:本文建立的测定方法可应用于复方苦参注射液质量评价。     

HPLC法同时测定复方夏枯草搽剂中3个有效成分的含量

目的:建立复方夏枯草搽剂中盐酸小檗碱和补骨脂素、异补骨脂素的HPLC含量测定方法。方法:采用Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(45∶55)为流动相,流速1.1 mL.min-1,柱温40℃,检测波长265nm。结果:盐酸小檗碱和补骨脂素、异补骨脂素线性范围分别为21.0～315.0μg.mL-1(r=0.9994)、14.4～216.0μg.mL-1(r=0.9996)、17.3～260.0μg.mL-1(r=0.9997)。回收率(n=6)分别为97.9%、98.5%、98.9%;RSD分别为1.5%、1.3%、0.9%。结论:该方法可用于复方夏枯草搽剂的质量控制。     

复方酮替栓的含量测定

测定复方酮替栓中酮康唑和替硝唑的含量。方法：采用紫外分光光度法用0.1moL／L HCl溶液在222和276nm处测定。结果：酮康唑在5.0～130μg／ml(r=0.9985,n=4),替硝唑在11.0～27.0μg／ml(r=0.9994,n=4),浓度范围内呈线性关系。酮康唑和替硝唑平均回收率(n=5)分别为100.5％和99.7％;RSD分别为O.65％和0.98％。结论：此方法简便、快速、准确。     

HPLC同时测定复方替硝唑载体栓中3组分含量

目的建立HPLC同时测定复方替硝唑载体栓中3组分含量。方法采用Diamonsil C18(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-水-三乙胺(60∶40∶0.5)(用磷酸调pH值至4.0),流速:1.0 mL.min 1,检测波长:260 nm,进样量:20μL;柱温:25℃。结果复方替硝唑载体栓中3组分替硝唑、克霉唑、醋酸氯己定的线性范围分别为40~600,32~480,1.6~24μg.mL 1(r=0.999 9),平均回收率分别为99.81%,100.2%,100.3%;RSD分别为0.37%,0.2%和0.4%(n=9)。结论该方法可同时测定3种成分含量,操作简便、快速,结果准确、可靠。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定保济丸中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、木香烃内酯及去氢木香内酯的含量

目的:建立RP-HPLC法同时测定保济丸中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、木香烃内酯及去氢木香内酯的含量。方法:采用AgilentExtent-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水(47∶53)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL.min-1,柱温为35℃,检测波长为225 nm。结果:厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、木香烃内酯及去氢木香内酯的浓度分别在2.744～137.2μg.mL-1(r=0.9999),2.836～141.8μg.mL-1(r=0.9999),3.164～158.2μg.mL-1(r=0.9998)及3.148～157.4μg.mL-1(r=0.9999)范围内与峰面积线性关系良好;方法回收率(n=3)为96.3%～102.7%,RSD为0.2%～1.7%。结论:本方法简便、准确,重复性好,可用于同时测定保济丸中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、木香烃内酯及去氢木香内酯的含量。     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Synthesis and anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of gaultherin and its analogs

The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure–activity relationships within these compounds were discussed.     

Modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty in toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics

Two important methodological issues within the framework of the variability and uncertainty analysis of toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic systems are discussed: (i) modelling and simulation of the existing physiologic variability in a population; and (ii) modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty when there is insufficient or not well defined (e.g. small sample, semiquantitative, qualitative and vague) information available. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are especially suited for separating and characterising the physiologic variability from the overall variability and uncertainty in the system. Monte Carlo sampling should draw from multivariate distributions, which reflect all levels of existing dependencies in the intact organism. The population characteristics should be taken into account. A fuzzy simulation approach is proposed to model variability and uncertainty when there is semiquantitative, qualitative and vague information about the model parameters and their statistical distributions cannot be defined reliably.     

成骨细胞的功能与损伤和骨质疏松的防治

骨质疏松是一种全身性骨骼疾病,导致骨折风险增加。成人的骨量通过破骨细胞的骨吸收和成骨细胞的骨形成作用来维持动态平衡,治疗骨质疏松症的理想策略是抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收和/或增强成骨细胞的骨形成功能。目前针对保护成骨细胞及增强其功能的骨质疏松疗法相对较少。因此,本文针对成骨细胞相关功能蛋白、各种细胞损伤机制（内质网应激、氧化应激、机械过载、微小RNA和长链非编码RNA的影响等）及骨质疏松的治疗与预防作一综述,以期为针对增强成骨细胞功能的骨质疏松治疗策略提供新思路。     

益生菌与肿瘤防治

益生菌广泛存在于自然界中,通过维持宿主体内菌群平衡、影响肠屏障功能和调节免疫应答等作用,提高宿主健康水平,被公认为"肠道健康卫士".一些益生菌可以增强机体的免疫功能,抑制致癌物质,影响肿瘤细胞的基因表达,对肿瘤具有拮抗作用.大量研究表明,益生菌在未来的肿瘤防治中有很好的应用和发展前景.     

Self-stimulation and amphetamine: Tolerance to d and l isomers and cross tolerance to cocaine and methylphenidate

The effects of the d and l isomers of amphetamine on self-stimulation responding were tested following acute and chronic administration. Tolerance and post-drug depression of responding occurred in tests with both isomers, indicating no role for p-hydroxynorephedrine (PHN) which is one of the metabolites of d-amphetamine. In the second experiment, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine all produced quantitatively and qualitatively similar effects on self-stimulation responding following acute administration. Following chronic administration of d-amphetamine, animals showed tolerance to all three drugs, indicating cross-tolerance among them. These data are consistent with an hypothesis that tolerance and post-drug depression following chronic amphetamine treatment are the result of decreases in postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, which would lead to a decreased effectiveness of all three drugs, regardless of their pre-synaptic mechanisms.     

Acamprosate and naltrexone treatment effects on ethanol and sucrose seeking and intake in ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats

Rationale  Two pharmacotherapies are approved for treating alcohol craving (acamprosate and naltrexone), but both have shown mixed findings in animals and humans. Objectives  The present experiments utilized a “reinforcer blocking” approach (i.e., rats were able to consume ethanol during treatment) to better understand the efficacy of these treatments for ethanol seeking and drinking using ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats. Materials and methods  In “nondependent” experiments, drugs (acamprosate 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; naltrexone 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) were administered over 3-week periods prior to operant sessions with a low response requirement to gain access to reinforcers for 20 min. For “dependent” experiments, rats were made dependent in vapor/inhalation chambers. Results  Acamprosate and naltrexone had similar effects on intake in nondependent and dependent rats; neither drug was selective for ethanol over sucrose drinking. In nondependent animals, naltrexone was more efficacious at more doses than acamprosate, and acamprosate’s effects were limited to a dose that also had adverse effects on body weight. Both pharmacotherapies showed more selectivity when examining reinforcer seeking. In nondependent rats, acamprosate and naltrexone had response-attenuating effects in ethanol, but not sucrose, groups. In dependent animals, acamprosate had selective effects limited to a decrease in sucrose seeking. Naltrexone, however, selectively decreased ethanol-seeking in nondependent rats. Conclusions  The naltrexone-induced decreases in seeking suggested a change in incentive motivation which was selective for ethanol in nondependent rats. The “nondependent” paradigm may model early stages of “problem drinking” in humans, and the findings suggest that naltrexone could be a good intervention for this level of alcohol abuse and relapse prevention.     

Antiinfective and encrustation-inhibiting materials--myth and facts

Catheters, urethral and ureteral stents and other urological implants are frequently affected by encrustration and infection due to their permanent contact with urine. Indwelling urinary catheters provide a haven for microorganisms and thus require extensive monitoring. Several surface modification techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of devices including the immobilization of biomolecules, the incorporation of hydrophilic grafts to reduce protein adsorption, the creation of hydrophobic surfaces, the creation of microdomains to regulate cellular and protein adhesion, new polymers and antimicrobial coatings. Physico-chemical explanation to elucidate the mechanism of such encrustation or infection inhibiting materials is still not available. Our series of experiments showed a marked decrease of silver-activity in biological fluids which corresponds with the controversial clinical results obtained with silver coated urinary catheters. Rifampicin/minocycline coated catheters had very low activity against Gram-negative rods, enterococci and Candida spp., the main causing organisms of urinary catheter infection. Surface engineered materials and antimicrobial drug delivery systems will be the next generation of sophisticated urinary catheters and stents, if both efficacy as well as efficiency has been proved clinically.     

Alprazolam and lorazepam single and multiple-dose effects on psychomotor skills and sleep

Summary The effects of alprazolam 0.5 mg and lorazepam 2 mg on cognitive and psychomotor skills were assessed in twelve normal volunteer subjects in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Single and multiple dose effects were monitored using a battery of tests comprising critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT), choice reaction time (CRT), simulated car tracking, and subjective ratings of perceived sedation (LARS) and of sleep behaviour (LSEQ). Compared with placebo baseline scores, treatment with lorazepam 2 mg (both single and multiple doses) resulted in a widespread impairment of CRT, tracking accuracy, and CFFT. Single doses of alprazolam 0.5 mg reduced CFFT with respect to the placebo baseline. Single and multiple dose treatment with both drugs resulted in subjective reports of sedation, a reduction of sleep onset latency, and improved sleep quality. Only lorazepam 2 mg significantly disrupted the integrity of behaviour on waking from sleep. These results suggest important pharmacodynamic differences between the two drugs in the doses used.