影响护理人员心理健康的因素及对策

正随着护理学科的不断发展,要求临床护理人员在具备一定护理专业知识和技能的同时,还必须具备健康的心理。在目前整个健康促进服务体系中,护士不仅充当着健康教育者的角色,还起着专业角色的模范作用[1]。因此,护理人员的身心健康是帮助病人治愈疾病、促进健康的前提和保证,同时也是为病人提供健康服务的基础。然而,由于护理工作琐碎繁重、社会心理支持不足和不规律的上班模式不仅扰乱了护士的生物钟节律,而     

精神科护士心理健康社会支持研究现状

随着医学模式的转变,护理模式也发生了根本的变化,从功能制护理发展到整体护理,需要护士为病人提供生理、心理、文化、精神和社会等全方位的护理服务。精神科护士是一组特殊的群体,研究他们的心理健康和社会支持有助于深化整体护理的内涵。现将国内精神科护士心理健康状况的研究进展综述如下。1研究对象和工具1.1研究对象精神科护士心理社会支持的研究对象不仅涉及到男护士,而且有男女护士对照研究。邢善勇[1]、杨冬梅[2]、常娇[3]、李书光[4]等人专门研究男护士的心理健康状况。邱兆芳[5]、李涛[6]等人针对精神科男女护士的心理健康状况进…     

60例胎膜早破产妇抑郁症发生率与社会支持度的关系调查

[目的]探讨胎膜早破产妇抑郁症发生率与社会支持度的关系。[方法]采用爱丁堡抑郁量表(EPDS)、社会支持评定量表于产妇出院前对60例胎膜早破产妇进行测评。[结果]社会支持不同的胎膜早破产妇抑郁症发生率不同(P0.05)。[结论]护士在临床护理工作中应充分了解胎膜早破产妇的生理状态和心理状态,给予有针对性的护理。     

临床护士健康危险因素调查分析与健康维护

目的 :管理者应重视护士健康 ,使临床护士在工作中保持健康状态 ,以保证护理工作正常运转和提高护理服务质量。方法 :对本院临床护士所面临的健康危险因素进行调查分析并对健康维护提出相应措施。结果 :显示临床护士的健康危险因素是多方面的 ,有对护士身体造成危害的因素 ,也有对护士心理造成影响的因素。结论 :护士的健康与护理质量息息相关 ,维护护士的健康需要医院领导支持、管理者重视、护士自身的防护     

实施无缝多元性护理服务项目的需求调查

[目的]了解病人对无缝多元性护理服务项目的需求以及护士对病人需求的认知,从而进一步改进和完善护士的自身素质,为病人更好地提供一体化护理服务。[方法]对病人和护士进行问卷调查。[结果]病人与护士对护理服务需求的认知不完全一致。病人最需要护士提供护理服务的项目依次为：保护隐私、专业技术操作、礼仪礼节、健康教育、心理护理、保健知识、医学专业知识、历史地理等知识;护士对病人无缝多元性服务项目需求依次为：医学专业知识、专业技术操作、保护隐私、健康教育、心理护理、保健知识、礼仪礼节、历史地理等知识。[结论]实施无缝多元性护理服务很重要,护士提供护理服务及接受培训时应以病人的需求为主要原则。     

组织支持感与心理资本对护士工作投入的影响研究

[目的]探讨组织支持感、心理资本对护士工作投入的影响。[方法]用整群抽样法抽取山西省某三级甲等综合医院218名护士,应用组织支持感量表、心理资本量表、工作投入量表进行问卷调查。[结果]临床护士工作投入得分3.441分＆#177;0.889分,组织支持感4.209分＆#177;1.292分,心理资本4.155分＆#177;0.746分,组织支持感、心理资本与护士工作投入三者之间均存在正相关,心理资本在组织支持感对护士工作投入的影响中起部分中介作用。[结论]临床护士的组织支持感、心理资本与护士工作投入均处于中等水平,管理者可通过营造利于护士心理资本开发的支持性工作环境,来提升护士工作投入水平。     

自制爱心服务手册在手术室护士术前访视工作中的应用

国际手术室护士协会（AORN）规定,术前访视是手术室护士的职能和职责之一[1]。术前访视作为手术室整体护理的重要组成部分,已被广泛应用于临床,其效果也逐步得到认同[2]。术前访视包括术前评估和术前宣教。术前评估护士可以通过查阅病历、护理体检、与病人沟通等形式评估病人一般情况、身体状况、既往史、术前用药情况、辅助检查结果、心理及社会支持状况     

广东省不同等级医院临床护士社会支持水平的现状调查

[目的]了解广东省各级医院护士社会支持水平,分析影响不同等级医院护士社会支持水平的因素,为采取相应的干预措施提供依据。[方法]2011年对广东省30所不同等级医院的2 924名临床护士进行问卷调查。采用一般资料问卷、社会支持评定量表了解护士的一般人口学特征、社会支持水平。[结果]不同等级医院护士社会支持得分比较差异有统计学意义。Pearson相关分析结果显示,除文化程度与客观支持及文化程度、职称、家庭人均收入、用工性质与对支持的利用度外,其他各因素与社会支持总分及各维度得分具有相关性,而医院级别、文化程度、用工性质与社会支持总分呈负相关。[结论]广东省临床护士的社会支持水平较高,医院等级越高护士社会支持水平越低。提示护理管理者在完善各级医院护理相关制度外,应倡导人性化管理理念,以提高护士社会支持水平。     

银川市三级甲等医院护士心理护理实施现状的调查与分析

[目的]了解银川市三级甲等医院护士心理护理实施现状,为进一步完善临床心理护理提供依据。[方法]利用临床心理护理调查问卷对银川市3所三级甲等医院223名护士心理护理实施现状进行调查。[结果]自评问卷得分率由高到低依次为一般心理护理、心理护理意识、专业心理护理和基本心理护理知识。不同学历、工作时间、科室护士基本心理护理知识得分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。[结论]应从护士个人素质提升、医院管理、护理教育等多个层面采取针对性措施,共同促进本地区临床心理护理的完善与发展。     

三甲医院护士姑息护理知识掌握现状的调查

[目的]调查分析三甲医院护士姑息护理知识掌握现状,找出护理人员姑息护理知识结构上存在的问题,针对存在的主要问题提出相应建议。[方法]应用Ross等研制的姑息护理知识问卷(PCQN),利用整群抽样方法对上海市两所三甲医院252名护士进行问卷调查。[结果]三甲医院护士对姑息护理知识掌握情况不尽如人意,护士在姑息护理的哲理与原则、心理社会精神支持两方面的知识较薄弱,对疼痛和症状控制方面的掌握程度优于其他两方面(P<0.05);护士对姑息护理知识的掌握与工作年限、职称、学历无关(P>0.05),与工作的科室有关(P<0.05)。[结论]应针对护士姑息护理知识结构上存在的不足加强相关教育和培训。     

Cellular uptake and efflux of azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin, and cethromycin

Macrolide antibiotics have an outstanding ability to concentrate within host cells, particularly phagocytes. In the study described in this paper five different macrolide antibiotics were compared regarding the uptake and release kinetics in human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and three different cell lines, two phagocytic cell lines (RAW 264.7 and THP-1) and an epithelial cell line (MDCK). Based on the results obtained, the substances tested could be clustered into different groups. Azithromycin constituted the first group, characterized by rapid and nonsaturable uptake into phagocytic cells and a high degree of retention in the preloaded cells. The second group included erythromycin and clarithromycin. These two substances do not exhibit cell specificity; consequently, they are taken up to a similar extent and are released by all cell types studied. Ketolides constituted the last group. Their uptake was saturable in cells of monocytic lineage as well as in nondifferentiated cells of myeloid lineage, and they were rapidly released from all the cell lines studied. However, in PMNs, ketolide uptake was not saturable; and unlike telithromycin, cethromycin rapidly egressed from the loaded cells.     

Comparative Activities of Clinafloxacin, Grepafloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, and Trovafloxacin and Nonquinolones Linozelid, Quinupristin-Dalfopristin, Gentamicin, and Vancomycin against Clinical Isolates of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant and -Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains

The activities of eight fluoroquinolones and linezolid, quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid), gentamicin, and vancomycin were tested against 96 ciprofloxacin-susceptible and 205 ciprofloxacin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Overall, clinafloxacin, followed by moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin, was the most active quinolone tested. For all isolates, linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin showed activities that were at least comparable to vancomycin, with no cross-resistance to any other test compound.     

Attributional,life-event,and affective predictors of onset of depression,anxiety, and negative attributional style

This investigation examined (1) the extent to which negative attributional style and life events predict the development of depression and anxiety, and (2) the extent to which measures of life events, depression, and anxiety predict the development of negative attributional style. Sets of questionnaires, including the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Stimulus-Response Inventory of General Trait Anxiousness (SR-GTA), and the Life Experiences Survey (LES), were administered to 80 undergraduate students on two occasions separated by a 1-month interval, between midterm and final examination periods of an academic semester. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that (1) composite negative attributional style predicted the onset of anxiety, measured by the MAACL anxiety scale, and (2) depression, measured by the MAACL depression scale, and low amounts of desirable life events each predicted the onset of composite negative attributional style.This research was partially supported by the Temple University Research Incentive Fund to the second author. We thank Edward Gracely for his assistance in the data-analytic process.     

Worry, Procrastination, and Perfectionism: Differentiating Amount of Worry, Pathological Worry, Anxiety, and Depression

This study investigates features that differentiate worry from somatic anxiety and depression. Theoretical models of the worry process suggest that worry is closely related to procrastination. In addition, research on worry and elevated evidence requirements proposes a relationship between worry and perfectionism. Perfectionism, however, is multidimensional in nature. Moreover, previous research has linked procrastination and perfectionism mainly to anxiety and depression. Therefore, the relationship among worry, procrastination, and dimensions of perfectionism was investigated in a sample of 180 students, controlling for anxiety and depression. Results show that worry had substantial correlations with procrastination and perfectionism, particularly with perfectionist concern over mistakes and doubts. Moreover, worry was related to parental criticism and expectations, but unrelated to excessively high personal standards. Instead, high-worriers reported to lower standards under stress. Partial correlations indicated that these correlations were specific for amount of worry, thus differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression.     

Absorption, distribution, metabolic fate, and elimination of pefloxacin mesylate in mice, rats, dogs, monkeys, and humans

Pefloxacin mesylate is well absorbed by the oral route. The antimicrobial activity in dog, cynomolgus monkey, and human plasma was essentially due to unchanged drug which respectively accounted for 64, 94, and 84% of the total activity (ratios derived from relative area under the curve [AUC] values). Half-lives ranged from 1.9 h in mice to 8.6 h in humans. Protein binding was weak, about 20% in plasma. Except in brain, concentrations in most of the organs and tissues tested in rats and dogs were higher than the plasma levels. Microbiological activity in urine was mainly due to pefloxacin and norfloxacin, the N-desmethyl metabolite. The norfloxacin/pefloxacin ratios were 0 in mice, ca. 1 in rats and dogs, 1.6 in cynomolgus monkeys, and 2.3 in humans. The principal urinary compounds were unchanged drug in mice, pefloxacin glucuronide and pefloxacin N-oxide in rats and dogs, norfloxacin and pefloxacin in monkeys, and pefloxacin N-oxide and norfloxacin in humans. The urinary recovery of identified metabolites was 29.5% of the dose in mice, 37.8% in rats, 36.3% in dogs, 26.5% in monkeys, and 58.9% in humans. Biliary excretion occurred and was extensive in rats and dogs, mainly as a glucuronide conjugate of the drug. In rat and human bile, the main active compound was unchanged pefloxacin.     

Cancers of the prostate, penis, and testicles: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment

Cancer is a disease that most people fear. Nurses are required to provide information on how to avoid cancer, and, once the diagnosis is made, how to cope with it. Prevention and early detection of the cancers described in this article are in the very early stages of knowledge development, but general health promotion guidance can be offered on how to avoid most cancers (ie, no tobacco use, a high-fiber and low fat diet, exercise, and maintaining a normal weight). Nurses also can advise patients to be screened for colorectal cancer at the appropriate ages and time intervals and to be aware as new developments occur in the scientific base for screenings in the areas of prostate, penile, and testicular cancer. Finally, coping with these forms of cancer often requires the patient to make major lifestyle and psychological changes, especially if surgery in the genital area occurs. Decreased libido, incontinence, and impotence are major complications that can occur with these illnesses. The male cancers described vary tremendously in their prevalence, incidence, mortality, treatment, and survival rates. Within this group, there are remarkably positive outcomes and outcomes much in need of improvement. Penile and testicular cancers are the bright spots in this picture; both are uncommon, and both are eminently treatable. Prostate cancer, on the other hand, is quite common, difficult to screen, difficult to treat without major sexual problems, and yet receives relatively little funding from the NIH. Although as many men die from prostate cancer as women die from breast cancer, NIH funds breast cancer research at much higher levels than prostate cancer. According to the latest data available at the NIH Web site, during the 1990s, the amount of NIH funding varied from four times more for breast cancer (1993) to 2.9 times more in 1999. For fiscal year 2002, NIH is providing $522 million in funding for breast cancer and $278 million for prostate cancer. Private foundation funds for prostate cancer are much smaller than those available for breast cancer. Both types of cancer are extremely important to address, and both should receive adequate research attention. Nurses can advocate for more funding for prostate cancer, from basic science approaches to behavioral science strategies.     

Effect of 5-fluorouracil, mitoxantrone, methotrexate, and vincristine on the antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotiam, piperacillin, and netilmicin

Using the checkerboard agar dilution technique, antibacterial activity and in vitro interactions of 4 antineoplastic agents and 5 antimicrobial drugs were examined against 56 strains of 7 bacterial species. 5-fluorouracil was found to inhibit all strains of Staphylococcus aureus and of Staphylococcus epidermidis at a concentration of 0.8 micrograms/ml or less. 84% of all gram-negative strains were inhibited synergistically when 5-fluorouracil was combined with beta-lactam antibiotics. Methotrexate and cefotiam were antagonistic in 42% of all combinations, especially when tested against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.