彩色多普勒超声在子宫内膜间质肉瘤中的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对子宫内膜间质肉瘤的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析12例经手术及病理证实的子宫内膜间质肉瘤的超声声像图表现。结果 9例子宫增大,9例肿块为低回声,8例与肌层分界不清,8例彩色多普勒血流显像示较丰富的血流信号。根据肿瘤位置分为:宫腔型3例,宫壁型6例,盆腔包块型3例。超声诊断1例子宫内膜间质肉瘤复发,2例盆腔实性占位(恶性可能),3例宫内实性占位(恶性可能),1例子宫内膜癌,4例肌瘤,1例内膜增厚、腺肌症。结论子宫内膜间质肉瘤多数为宫内实性肿块,也可发生在宫外,超声声像图表现多样,可以为临床诊断提供借鉴。     

子宫腺肌病14例误诊分析

本文收集了3年零4个月我院经手术病理证实的子宫腺肌病超声误诊14例,对其声像图特征、误诊原因,以及与子宫肌瘤的监别诊断进行了分析、探讨,目的在于提高B超诊断子宫腺肌病的准确率。     

子宫肌瘤的超声影像与病理对照（附86例分析）

目的：探讨子宫肌瘤超声影像与病理的相关性及期误诊原因。方法：对86例子宫肌瘤的超声、手术、病理资料进行回顾性总结分析。结果：超声与病理完全符合69例、基本符合11例,总符合率93%。误诊6例,占7%,其中将子宫内膜息肉、子宫肌腺病、局限型子宫腺肌瘤、浆膜下子宫内膜异位误诊为子宫肌瘤各1例。将宫颈部肌瘤误诊为卵巢肿瘤2例。结论：超声对子宫肌瘤的诊断符合率达90%以上,误诊原因是多方面的。     

经阴道超声及宫腔造影对鉴别子宫内膜息肉与其他病变的意义

目的分析子宫内膜病变的声像图和血流特征,并评价经阴道彩色多普勒超声宫腔造影对子宫内膜息肉的诊断价值。方法采用经阴道彩色多普勒加宫腔造影,分别对19例子宫内膜息肉和32例子宫内膜其他病变之声像图、彩色血流及频谱表现进行对比,全部病例经宫腔镜及手术后的病理证实。结果经阴道彩色多普勒超声检诊子宫内膜息肉,清晰显示了内膜与黏膜下肌层之界限和息肉的病变边界,还显示了息肉蒂基底的彩色血流或黏膜下肌瘤周边彩色血流环,适时加做宫腔造影则更有益于对细小病变的诊断。结论经阴道彩色多普勒超声加做宫腔造影可大大提高对子宫内膜息肉与子宫内膜其他病的鉴别诊断水平。     

子宫腺肌病的超声诊断价值探讨

目的探讨子宫腺肌病的声像图特征,提高超声诊断率。方法对经手术及病理证实的63例子宫腺肌病的超声图像特征进行分析。结果患者术前超声诊断与术后病理结果对照,超声诊断子宫腺肌病的符合率为88．9％（56／63）,63例子宫腺肌病中有7例误诊为子宫肌瘤,误诊率为11％（7／63）。结论超声诊断子宫腺肌病有较高的准确性,有较好的临床应用价值。     

子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌症超声造影强化形式的临床应用

目的：探讨超声造影强化形式在子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌症鉴别诊断中的临床应用。方法：回顾性分析经手术或病理证实的子宫肌瘤和子宫腺肌症患者70例的超声造影表现,记录造影时病灶的充填方式、与肌层的成像顺序及增强程度等。结果：子宫肌瘤患者50例（72个病灶）,子宫腺肌症患者20例。3 cm以上肌瘤56个,均表现为假包膜先充填,呈周边环状增强,然后肌瘤内部增强,消退时肿瘤中央先消退,包膜增强持续时间较长,与周边正常肌层组织充盈方式显著不同。3 cm以下肌瘤16个,呈环绕型增强8个,树枝型增强2个（混合型增强6个）。20例子宫腺肌症均表现为与子宫肌层同步增强,同步减退,且增强程度低于子宫肌层,呈不均匀增强,可见虫蚀样充盈缺损区。结论：超声造影强化形式对子宫肌瘤和子宫腺肌症的鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

经阴道三维超声诊断子宫粘膜下肌瘤与肌壁间肌瘤临床分析

目的探讨经阴道三维超声(3D-TVS)在子宫粘膜下肌瘤与子宫肌壁间肌瘤压向宫腔型这两种疾病的鉴别诊断方面所具有的优势。方法将30例行常规妇科超声检查提示宫腔内可疑占位性病变的患者行阴道三维超声检查,并与2D-TVS超声检查结果进行对比分析。结果 3D-TVS与宫腔镜诊断间有差异者1例,占3.3%(1/30);2D-TVS与宫腔镜诊断间有差异者5例,占16.7%(5/30);3D-TVS与病理诊断间有差异者2例,占6.6%(2/30);2D-TVS与3D-TVS诊断正确率比较差异有显著性意义。1例3D-TVS超声误诊为粘膜下肌瘤的宫腔镜结果为肌壁间肌瘤完全压向宫腔,2例3D-TVS超声及宫腔镜误诊为粘膜下肌瘤的病理结果为子宫黏膜下腺肌瘤性息肉。结论经阴道三维超声较经阴道二维超声的临床符合率较有明显提高。     

宫角妊娠的超声特征与误诊分析

目的 分析宫角妊娠的声像学特征及误诊原因,以提高超声诊断符合率.方法 对经病理证实的15例宫角妊娠患者的术前超声检查资料,进行分析.结果 宫角妊娠的超声声像图特征:(1)子宫增大,两侧宫角不对称,向外隆起侧宫角部可见妊娠囊或包块回声;(2)妊娠囊或包块与子宫内膜向连;(3)妊娠囊或包块周围均有较完整的子宫肌层包绕;(4)彩超显示来自宫角部的血流供应妊娠囊或包块.15例宫角妊娠中,超声宫角妊娠诊断符合率约为66.7%(10/15),误诊率约为33.3%(5/15),误诊5例,其中2例误诊为输卵管间质部妊娠,2例误诊为宫腔偏宫角部妊娠,1例误诊为子宫肌瘤1例.结论 超声对宫角妊娠有较高诊断价值,检查者应提高对该病的认识及鉴别诊断避免误诊.     

超声诊断性索-间质肿瘤的临床分析

目的：探讨性索-间质肿瘤声像图表现及诊断价值。方法：回顾总结了经手术病理证实70例性索-间质肿瘤的超声诊断资料。结果：70例术前超声检查,24例提示卵泡膜细胞瘤,3例提示颗粒细胞瘤的诊断,超声诊断符合率38.6%。超声提示卵巢实性肿瘤18例,占25.7%;囊腺癌8例,占11.4%,囊腺瘤3例,占4.3%;卵巢畸胎瘤3例,占4.3%;误诊子宫浆膜下肌瘤11例,占15.7%。结论：尽管性索-间质肿瘤不具有特异性声像图表现,但是掌握其声像图特征结合临床女性化表现有助于超声提示正确诊断。     

不同途径超声联合诊断子宫腺肌病的价值探讨

子宫腺肌病是妇科常见疾病．是由于子宫内膜基底层侵入子宫肌层而引起的一种良性病变。该病多发生于26～51岁经产妇。约50％患者同时合并子宫肌瘤。临床表现为继发性痛经且进行性加重、经期延长、月经量多。超声检查是该病的首选检查方法,因为子宫腺肌病与子宫肌瘤的有些临床表现及症状相似,经过腹部超声（TAS）检查有时不尽人意,尤其是当腺肌病合并肌瘤时更是难以鉴别,能否作出准确诊断显得十分重要。而经阴道超声（TVS）检查使用是高频探头,位置更加贴近盆腔器官．能清晰的观察到子宫大小,形态及子宫肌层的回声变化。其图像质量优于腹部超声（TAS）。本研究对59例通过手术及病理确诊的子宫腺肌病的声像图表现进行了分析对比,报道如下。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.