六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷豚鼠皮肤致敏试验

目的研究六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷（HBIW,合成单体炸药CL-20的中间体）对豚鼠的致敏性,为CL-20的危险度评价提供基础数据。方法将40只普通级豚鼠按体重随机分为3组,实验组20只,诱导期和激发期分别在两侧背部涂以一定浓度的受试物。阴性对照组10只,诱导期涂以凡士林,激发期则涂以受试物。阳性对照组10只,采用一定浓度的2,4-二硝基氯苯进行诱导和激发。实验结束后观察动物皮肤是否出现红斑或水肿,并计算致敏率。结果阳性对照组的致敏率为100%,阴性对照组为0%。实验组仅有1只豚鼠出现轻度红斑,致敏率为5%。结论 HBIW的致敏等级为Ⅰ级,具有弱致敏性。     

The behavior of L-ascorbic acid in the healing process of dorsal wounds in guinea pigs

The behavior of L-ascorbic acid (AsA) in the healing process of wounds in guinea pigs was investigated by determining AsA and dehydroascorbic acid (DAsA) levels. Dorsal skin wounds of guinea pigs fed AsA-deficient diets for 10 days were surgically induced, and the animals were intraperitoneally supplemented with 0, 0.5, 5, 50 mg/day of AsA for 4 days, respectively. The animals were sacrificed, and the amounts of AsA and DAsA in healing skin wound and intact skin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that total AsA levels in the healing wound of the animals in AsA-supplemented groups were almost similar to those in intact skin, respectively. However, DAsA levels in the healing wounds on day 4 of the healing period are significantly higher than those not only in the intact skin but also in the completely regenerated skin on day 14 of the healing period. From these results, it was suggested that the wound healing process was accompanied by the oxidation of AsA, moreover, the reduction of DAsA to AsA did not sufficiently occur in vivo.     

“一点主义”完美上品肌肤点睛术

是否注意到自己皮肤的小细节?其实塑造无懈可击的皮肤质感并不是难事,只要你不忽视细节的把握.想拥有上品的肌肤,就要从不经意的小地方入手,不忽略小处的瑕疵,用一点主义为完美肌肤加分.     

三氯乙烯致敏豚鼠皮肤及血清中IL-17的测定

目的比较三氯乙烯(TCE)致敏豚鼠和未致敏豚鼠皮肤和血清中IL-17表达水平,探讨TCE药疹样皮炎新的发病机制。方法将豚鼠随机分为空白对照组,溶剂(橄榄油)对照组,TCE处理组。根据豚鼠最大值试验方法(Guinea Pig Maximization Test,GPMT)处理豚鼠。按照《化学品毒性鉴定技术规范》的评分标准对动物的皮肤反应进行评分,评分≥1的判为致敏。在末次激发后24 h,72 h,1周和2周分四批采血和皮肤组织,用ELISA试剂盒测定血清中IL-17的含量;将皮肤组织制成蜡块,采用Elivison二步法免疫组织化学法检测其IL-17的表达情况。结果根据皮肤反应评分判断致敏阳性,TCE处理组致敏率为70%。TCE处理组血清中IL-17的水平及皮肤组织免疫组化评分明显高于溶剂对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);TCE处理组的不同时间段相比,IL-17的表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在TCE处理组72h和1周两个时点,TCE致敏鼠IL-17的表达比相应的未致敏鼠高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TCE可以诱导豚鼠致敏,IL-17在豚鼠致敏的过程中有重要意义。     

Synthetic detergents induced-biochemical and histological changes in skin of guinea pigs.

The linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) based synthetic detergents-induced decrease in lipid peroxydation and increase in histamine content in exposed skin of guinea pigs in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological alterations of exposed skin included moderate degree of hyperkeratinization at lower concentration but necrosis, scarring, sloughing as well as discontinuity of epidermis at higher concentrations. The results shows that the contact of skin with detergents causes dermal toxicity.     

Evaluation of healing by gentle touch

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of healing by gentle touch in clients attending The Centre for Complementary Care (CCC) in Eskdale, Cumbria. STUDY DESIGN: An evaluation of data collected by questionnaire over 6 years. METHODS: All clients attending the CCC between 1995 and 2001 were invited to participate in this study, and data were collected from 300 subjects with a wide range of ailments who received four treatment sessions within 6 weeks. Exclusion criteria were: recent treatment at the CCC; failure to complete four treatment sessions; and age under 16 years. Outcome measures included comparison of pre- and post-treatment levels of physical (pain, disability, immobility, sleep disturbances, reliance upon medication, daily activities) and psychological (stress, panic, fear, anger, relaxation, coping, depression/anxiety) functioning; these were assessed using a questionnaire with visual analogue scales for subjective rating of symptoms and the EuroQoL (EQ-5D), a generic state-of-health measure. RESULTS: Wilcoxon signed ranks tests showed statistically significant improvements in both psychological and physical functioning, particularly in stress reduction (median stress levels fell by four points), pain relief (median pain ratings fell by two points), increased ability to cope (median improvement of three points) and increased general health ratings (median improvement of 20 points) between study entry and end of treatment (P < 0.0004 for all these symptoms). The most substantial improvements were seen in those with the most severe symptoms at study entry. No adverse effects of treatment were documented. CONCLUSIONS: This audit of treatment outcomes provides evidence consistent with the hypothesis that healing, as provided at the CCC, was associated with improved psychological and physical functioning in the majority of subjects, and is worthy of further evaluation.     

Liquid covering for superficial skin wounds and its effect on wound closure in guinea pigs

An irrigatable bandage has been developed to hold fluid over a wound. Starting with superficial skin wounds on the back of guinea pigs, the bandage has been used to hold saline or phosphate-buffered saline containing antibiotics over the wound for up to 48 hours. Animals tolerated the bandage well for this period and bacterial contamination and wound maceration were not complications. The extent of reepithelialization with time was measured histologically under three separate conditions: wound exposed to air, wound covered and kept moist, and wound covered with liquid. By 24 hours 2 +/- 1%, 16 +/- 4% and 60 +/- 8% of the wound surface interfollicular areas showed some reepithelialization, respectively. On the average, at the same time these areas showed 15 +/- 2%, 19 +/- 2% and 37 +/- 1% coverage by epithelium. By these measurements, the liquid cover enhanced the rate of wound closure significantly.     

Therapeutic touch in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome

BACKGROUND: Alternative medical therapies are widely utilized, but there are few objective data to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine whether one alternative therapy, Therapeutic Touch (TT), can improve objective indices of median nerve function in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. METHODS: Participants with electrodiagnostically confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome were randomly assigned in single-blind fashion to receive either TT or sham therapeutic touch once weekly for 6 consecutive weeks. The distal latency of the median motor nerve along with visual analog assessments of pain and relaxation were measured before and after each treatment session. RESULTS: Twenty-one participants completed the study. Changes in median motor nerve distal latencies, pain scores, and relaxation scores did not differ between participants in the TT group and participants in the sham treatment group, either immediately after each treatment session or cumulatively. Immediately after each treatment session, however, there were improvements from baseline among all the outcome variables in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this small study, TT was no better than placebo in influencing median motor nerve distal latencies, pain scores, and relaxation scores. The changes in the outcome variables from baseline in both groups suggest a possible physiologic basis for the placebo effect.     

Therapeutic touch and postmodernism in nursing*

Abstract Therapeutic touch, a healing technique based upon the laying‐on of hands, has found wide acceptance in the nursing profession despite its lack of scientific plausibility. Its acceptance is indicative of a broad antiscientific trend in nursing. Adherents of this movement use the jargon of postmodern philosophy to justify their enthusiasm for a variety of mystically based techniques, citing such postmodern critics of science as Derrida and Michel Foucault as well as philosophical forerunners Heidegger and Husserl. Between 1997 and 1999, 94 articles in nursing journals referred to postmodernism, according to a database search. This paper criticizes the postmodern movement for abandoning the biological underpinnings of nursing and for misreading philosophy in the service of an antiscientific world‐view. It is also suggested that nursing can retain its tradition of ‘caring’ without abandoning the scientific method.     

三氯乙烯致敏豚鼠皮肤组织中白细胞介素-1、-6和-8表达的研究

目的研究白细胞介素(IL)-1、IL-6和IL-8在三氯乙烯(TCE)致敏豚鼠皮肤组织中的表达情况,探讨TCE药疹样皮炎发病机制。方法将白色雌性豚鼠随机分成空白对照组、溶剂对照组、TCE实验组、2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)阳性对照组,根据豚鼠最大值试验(GPMT)方法处理豚鼠,在终末激发后(依据致敏结果以及取材时点的不同,将TCE实验组以及DNCB阳性对照组分为TCE致敏组24 h、TCE致敏组72 h、TCE未致敏组24 h和TCE未致敏组72 h;DNCB组24 h和DNCB组72 h)进行皮肤反应评分,并采取皮肤组织,制成蜡块,采用Elivison二步法免疫组织化学法检测各组皮肤组织中IL-1、IL-6和IL-8的表达情况。结果根据皮肤反应评分≥1判断为致敏阳性,TCE实验组致敏率为62.1%;TCE致敏组24 h和TCE致敏组72 h的IL-1水平要显著高于溶剂对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时TCE致敏组24 h与TCE未致敏组24 h比较、TCE致敏组72 h与TCE未致敏组72 h比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05),但IL-6和IL-8水平在各个组别和不同时间点之间差异无统计...     

Trust, talk and touch in Balkan folk healing

Broadly based in long-term anthropological fieldwork in the Balkans (in Serbia, Macedonia and Bulgaria), this discussion of folk healing techniques illustrates how convergence in the patient/practitioner relationship is of prime importance in effecting a positive outcome. Sumadija in central Serbia is selected as an example, and treatment for erysipelas, a common health problem which villagers call 'the red wind', is described and analyzed. Against a sociocultural background in which the collective wisdom of the past is retained and transmitted orally to contemporary healers, especially to the bajalica, or conjurer who heals with words, it is shown how shared communicative modes of trust, talk and touch are essential to the ritual psychomancy by which the treatment 'works'. Also considered are the ritual roles of women in this patriarchal society and peasants' perceptions of folk pharmacology as being extraneous to the eventual cure. Connections between cultural responses and physiological responses as manifested in the villages are suggested as counterparts of Western symptomatic treatments related to behavior modification.     

豚鼠最大值试验法研究二氯乙酰氯皮肤致敏作用的初步报告

目的探讨二氯乙酰氯(DCAC)是否在三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎发病过程中起到半抗原的作用。方法按豚鼠最大值试验(GPMT)法,用DCAC对白色豚鼠进行皮内和涂皮结合法致敏试验,并设阳性对照组(二硝基氯苯)、阴性对照组(橄榄油和福氏完全佐剂),观察各组动物皮肤的红斑和水肿等情况,求出致敏率和平均反应值,并且检测ALT和AST以及计算各脏器系数。结果 DCAC实验组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组的致敏率分别为0%、100%和0%;平均反应值分别为0、6.0和0;各实验组豚鼠的ALT和AST以及脏器系数差异无统计学意义。结论 DCAC可能在三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎发病过程中没有起到半抗原的作用,并且对实验动物没有明显肝功能损害。