全膝关节置换术中关节周围注射混合镇痛液的疗效观察

目的探讨全膝关节置换（TKA）中向关节周围注射混合镇痛液的疗效。方法将本组48例行TKA的患者随机分成两组,24例行术中关节周围注射混合镇痛药,另24例不注射任何药物,两组均在术后48h内使用患者白控镇痛（PCA）,术后于不同时间点分别记录PCA的用量,采用视觉模拟疼痛量表（VAS）评估患者疼痛程度。结果注射组在术后各时段PCA使用量和48h内PCA使用总量比对照组明显少（P〈0．05）。与对照组相比,注射组术后在第2、6、10、12、24、36、48小时的静息状态VAS评分和术后24、36、48小时活动状态下的VAS评分明显低（P〈0．05）;两组患者在术后第3、7、15、42天静息和活动状态下的VAS评分间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论TKA术中向关节周围注射混合镇痛液在术后早期可有效缓解疼痛并减少阿片类药物的用量。     

关节内注射镇痛混合剂在全髋关节置换术后的应用

目的评价全髋关节置换术后关节内鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂注射的镇痛效果和安全性。方法将80例行单侧全髋关节置换术的骨关节炎患者进行随机分配：试验组行关节内鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂（包括吗啡、布比卡因、复方倍他米松、肾上腺素）注射,对照组予以生理盐水做对照。所有患者术后48 h均接受吗啡自控式静脉镇痛泵镇痛,比较两组患者术后髋关节静息和活动视觉模拟疼痛评分、麻醉剂使用情况、主动直腿抬高时间、屈曲到90°时间、活动度以及并发症。结果采用关节内鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂注射后,可以显著减少术后0~36 h各时间段和总的麻醉剂使用量,并推迟术后第一次使用麻醉剂的时间。在术后视觉模拟评分的比较上,静息痛在术后第6、10、24、36 h关节内试验组疼痛评分显著小于对照组,活动痛在术后24、36 h试验组疼痛评分显著小于对照组。患者在可以行主动直腿抬高的时间、髋关节主动活动达90°时间以及术后15 d髋关节活动度的比较上,试验组均优于对照组。在术后伤口愈合、感染发生率、血压、心率、皮疹、呼吸抑制和尿潴留的监测上,两组间均无统计学意义,恶心、呕吐发生率试验组小于对照组。结论关节内鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂注射有助于减少术后麻醉镇痛剂使用量,减轻术后早期疼痛,有助于患者的早期康复,且没有明显的副作用。     

静脉自控镇痛与超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合静脉自控镇痛用于全麻剖宫产术后镇痛效果比较

目的比较静脉自控镇痛(PICA)与超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)联合PICA用于全麻剖宫产术后镇痛的效果。方法择期全麻下行剖宫产术产妇80例,年龄23~34岁。ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为2组,各40例。对照组采用PICA,复合组采用PICA联合TAPB。应用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)对2组产妇术后2 h、4 h、12 h、24 h、48 h静息和活动状态下的镇痛效果实施评估。同时统计术后24 h内镇痛泵按压次数、舒芬太尼累积消耗量即不良反应情况等。结果复合组术后静息和活动状态下2 h、4 h、12 h、24 h的疼痛VAS评分低于对照组,术后24 h内镇痛泵按压次数、舒芬太尼累积消耗量和不良反应发生率均少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论超声引导下PICA联合TAPB用于全麻剖宫产术后镇痛,效果显著,且能够减少不良反应的发生和镇痛药物的用量,是安全、可行的镇痛方法。     

单次胸椎旁神经阻滞联合自控静脉镇痛对开胸患者术后急性和慢性疼痛的影响

目的观察单次胸椎旁神经阻滞联合自控静脉镇痛对开胸患者术后急性和慢性疼痛的影响。方法选择行开胸手术的成年患者80例, 采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组(每组40例):自控静脉镇痛组(I组)和单次胸椎旁神经阻滞联合自控静脉镇痛组(P组)。I组患者不给予胸椎旁神经阻滞, 术毕时给予自控静脉镇痛;P组患者手术开始前在手术切口肋间水平行超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞, 注入0.3%罗哌卡因复合地塞米松10 mg共20 ml, 术毕时也给予自控静脉镇痛。记录两组患者术后6、24、48、72 h静息和咳嗽时数字分级评分法(Numeral Rating Scale, NRS)疼痛评分, 术后l、3、6、12个月时对患者进行电话随访, 询问是否存在静息时伤口疼痛以及NRS疼痛评分。结果 P组术后6、24、48、72 h静息和咳嗽时NRS疼痛评分低于I组(P<0.05)。P组术后1个月和术后3个月静息时NRS疼痛评分低于I组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后6个月和术后12个月静息时NRS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后l、3、6、12个月静息时慢性疼痛发生率差异无统计学意义(...     

全髋关节置换术中局部注射混合镇痛液疗效的临床对照试验

目的：研究全髋关节置换术中向关节周围局部注射混合镇痛液的疗效。方法：将76例行全髋关节置换术的患者分成2组，38例患者术中关节周围注射混合镇痛液，另38例不注射。术后采用直观模拟疼痛量表（VAS）评估患者疼痛程度；所有患者术后24h内使用患者自控镇痛泵（PCA），于不同时间点分别记录PCA的用量。结果：在麻醉后恢复室及术后4h，患者VAS疼痛评分注射组比对照组明显低。患者PCA使用量，与对照组6h及12h相比，注射组使用量明显少；术后24h内PCA使用总量注射组也比对照组明显少。注射组患者未观察到任何与混合镇痛液相关的不良反应。结论：全髋关节置换术中向关节周围注射混合镇痛液能够显著降低患者术后疼痛并减少镇痛泵的用量。     

切口内持续输注氟比洛芬酯对芬太尼静脉自控镇痛的影响

目的 观察切口内持续输注氟比洛芬酯对芬太尼静脉自控镇痛的影响.方法 择期全麻下行椎体融合术的成人患者60例,随机均分为三组:A组,切口内持续输注0.1%的氟比洛芬酯200 ml;B组,静脉持续输注0.1%的氟比洛芬酯200 ml;C组,切口内持续输注生理盐水200 ml.所有患者术后均用芬太尼10μg/ml行患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA).记录各组患者术后1、4、12、24、48 h静息时和术后4、24、48 h活动时的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和芬太尼累计用量,同时观察记录术后48 h内的镇静评分、恶心、呕吐发生率及切口愈合情况.结果 A组术后各时点VAS明显低于B、C组,B组明显低于C组(P<0.05).术后48 h的PCIA芬太尼累计用量A组明显低于B组和C组(P<0.05).各组间的镇静评分及恶心、呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义.结论 切口内持续输注氟比洛芬酯用于椎体融合术与静脉输注相比可更显著改善术后芬太尼PCIA的效果,并减少芬太尼累计用量.     

可膨胀股骨近端髓内钉与动力髋螺钉治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的比较分析

目的 比较可膨胀股骨近端髓内钉(EPFN)与动力髋螺钉(DnS)治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果.方法 将52例股骨粗隆间骨折随机分为两组,比较切口长度、手术时间、术中X线透视次数、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后第3天疼痛、非负重扶拐下床时间、弃拐时间、骨折愈合时间、Harris髋关节功能评分及并发症.结果 EPFN组在手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后第3天疼痛评分均低于DHS组,差异有统计学意义.在术后功能恢复上,两组无差异性.结论 与DHS内固定相比,EPFN治疗股骨粗隆间骨折是一种更加微创的内固定手段,早期临床效果令人满意.     

自控静脉镇痛加括约肌侧切用于痔术后镇痛的效果探讨

为探讨自控静脉镇痛加括约肌侧切用于痔术后的镇痛效果，将拟接受手术治疗的80例痔患者随机分为A组和B组，各40例，A组术中给予括约肌侧切，并在术后给予自控静脉镇痛，B组给予亚甲蓝局部注射镇痛，对比两组患者术后疼痛程度、换药及排便时疼痛情况，同时观察A组的不良反应。结果显示，A组术后6h、24h、48h及术后首次换药和排便时VAS评分均明显低于B组，P〈O．05。A组自控静脉镇痛期间无明显不良反应。结果表明，自控静脉镇痛加括约肌侧切可有效减轻痔术后疼痛，而且无不良反应。     

氟比洛芬酯预防性镇痛在手外科围手术期疼痛管理中的应用

目的探讨氟比洛芬酯预防性镇痛在手外科围手术期疼痛管理中的应用效果。方法随机选取择期手外科手术患者100例,按照是否采用预防性镇痛分为对照组和实验组,每组5 0例。实验组是在切皮前15 min静脉给予50 mg氟比洛芬酯注射液100 mL,对照组予生理盐水100 mL。使用视觉模拟评分法评估患者术后6 h,24 h,48 h和72 h静息状态及活动状态下疼痛评分。记录补救镇痛、不良反应发生情况以及患者满意度。结果预防性镇痛组术后6h,24h,48h,72h静息状态和运动状态下VAS评分显著低于对照组(P0.05),且补救镇痛的人数显著少于对照组(P0.01)。与对照组相比,预防性镇痛不良反应发生率显著降低(P0.01);且患者满意度显著提高(P0.01)。结论预防性镇痛可显著缓解患者术后疼痛程度,提高患者满意度,且降低不良反应发生率。预防性镇痛可作为多模式镇痛方案的重要部分,实现个体化镇痛,加速术后康复。     

全膝置换术后关节内注射鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂对镇痛效果的评价

目的 评价全膝关节置换术后关节内注射鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂的镇痛效果和安全性.方法 将80例行单侧TKA的骨关节炎患者进行随机分配:试验组关节内注射鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂(吗啡、布比卡因、复方倍他米松),对照组注射生理盐水.术后48h内均经静脉镇痛泵滴注吗啡行自控镇痛,疼痛难以忍受时,肌内注射吗啡5~10mg.比较两组患者术后膝关节静息和活动VAS疼痛评分、吗啡使用情况、主动直腿抬高时间、屈膝90°时间、膝关节活动度以及并发症.结果 采用关节内鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂注射后,可以显著减少术后0~36h各时间段和总的吗啡使用量,并推迟术后第一次肌内注射吗啡的时间.术后第6、10、24、36h试验组静息痛VAS评分显著小于对照组,术后24、36h试验组活动痛VAS评分显著小于对照组.患者主动直腿抬高时间、屈膝90°时间以及术后15天膝关节活动度比较,试验组均优于对照组.两组在术后伤口愈合、感染发生率、血压、心率、皮疹、呼吸抑制和尿潴留的监测等方面进行比较,差异均无统计学意义,恶心呕吐发生率试验组小于对照组.结论 关节内鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂注射有助于减少术后麻醉镇痛剂使用量,减轻术后早期疼痛,且没有明显的不良反应.     

关节局部注射对全膝关节置换术后的镇痛效果

目的比较关节局部注射混合局麻药与自控硬膜外镇痛（PCEA）对全膝关节置换（TKA）术后的镇痛效果。方法由同一位医师主刀完成的TKA骨性关节炎（OA）患者58例（63膝）,根据镇痛方式分成两组：局部注射组23例（25膝）,术中关节周围软组织注射2.5g/L布比卡因40ml、酮咯酸30mg和肾上腺素0.25mg的混合液,术后拔除引流管时通过关节腔内放置的细导管注射5g/L布比卡因20ml和酮咯酸30mg。35例（38膝）TKA术后采用PCEA做为对照,比较术后两种镇痛方式的疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、吗啡的使用量、关节被动活动度（PROM）、切口引流量和恶心、呕吐的发生率。结果两组术后的VAS和PROM差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而局部注射组术后吗啡使用量、切口引流量和恶心、呕吐的发生率明显减少（P〈0.05）。结论关节周围软组织和关节内注射混合局麻药对TKA术后的镇痛效果确切,减少了术后出血量、吗啡的使用量和并发症,成本低,且操作简便、实用,是TKA镇痛的有效方法之一。     

Efficacy of periarticular multimodal drug injection in total knee arthroplasty. A randomized trial

BACKGROUND: Postoperative analgesia with the use of parenteral opioids or epidural analgesia can be associated with troublesome side effects. Good perioperative analgesia facilitates rehabilitation, improves patient satisfaction, and may reduce the hospital stay. We investigated the analgesic effect of locally injected drugs around a total knee prosthesis. METHODS: Sixty-four patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were randomized either to receive a periarticular intraoperative injection containing ropivacaine, ketorolac, epimorphine, and epinephrine or to receive no injection. The perioperative analgesic regimen was standardized. All patients in both groups received patient-controlled analgesia for twenty-four hours after the surgery, and this was followed by standard analgesia. Visual analog scores for pain, during activity and at rest, and for patient satisfaction were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively and at the six-week follow-up examination. The consumption of patient-controlled analgesia at specific postoperative time-points and the overall analgesic requirement were measured. RESULTS: The patients who had received the injection used significantly less patient-controlled analgesia at six hours, at twelve hours, and over the first twenty-four hours after the surgery. In addition, they had higher visual analog scores for patient satisfaction and lower visual analog scores for pain during activity in the post-anesthetic-care unit and four hours after the operation. No cardiac or central nervous system toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative periarticular injection with multimodal drugs can significantly reduce the requirements for patient-controlled analgesia and improve patient satisfaction, with no apparent risks, following total knee arthroplasty.     

关节周围注射混合药物在全膝关节置换术围手术期多模式镇痛方案中的疗效评估

目的运用随机对照的前瞻性方法观察关节周围注射混合药物在全膝关节置换术（TKA）酮手术期多模式镇痛方案中的的止痛效果。方法60例单侧TKA患者随机分为研究组30例和对照组30例。所有患者术前24小时及术后第2天给予塞来昔布（西乐葆）200mg每天2次（术后6小时400mg口服）、氨酚曲马多（及通安）1片每天3次口服,连续使用5d;研究组患者术中膝关节周围注射镇痛药物（10g／L罗哌卡因20ml,吗啡10mg,复方倍他米松（得宝松）1ml,生理盐水80ml）,对照组患者没有运用关节周围注射药物。术后首次哌替啶注射6h后视患者疼痛情况再给予相同剂量注射1次。术前、术后分别记录静止与活动视觉模拟疼痛评分和膝关节活动度。结果58例患者进入统计学分析,其中对照组有2例在术后麻醉师给行静脉镇痛。（1）视觉模拟疼痛评分：研究组术后6、12、24、36、48h静止、运动视觉模拟疼痛评分低于对照组（P均〈0．01）,两组术后72h静止和运动视觉模拟疼痛评分间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;（2）膝关节活动度：研究组术后第1、2、3天膝关节活动度高于对照组（P均〈0．01）,两组术后第1、2周膝关节活动度间的差异无统计学意义;（3）并发症：两组术后没有发现任何因为注射而引起的伤口感染、延期愈合及组织坏死等并发症。结论TKA术中应用关节周围注射镇痛药物在可以在多模式镇痛方案中起一定作用：减少术后早期静止和活动状态疼痛评分、改善术后早期关节活动度。     

Is intra-articular multimodal drug injection effective in pain management after total knee arthroplasty? A randomized, double-blinded, prospective study

We performed a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, and controlled study to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of intra-articular multimodal drug injection after total knee arthroplasty. Two hundred eighty-six patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty were randomized to receive the injection of multimodal drugs in one knee and normal saline solution as a placebo in the contralateral knee. All patients received patient-controlled analgesia for 48 hours after surgery, followed by standard analgesia. Visual analog scores for pain during activity and rest and for patient satisfaction were recorded. The range of motion and blood loss were also recorded. Intraoperative intra-articular injection of multimodal drugs into the knee did not improve patient pain and satisfaction, range of motion, or blood loss compared with the placebo control.     

Bilateral infraorbital nerve block is superior to peri-incisional infiltration for analgesia after repair of cleft lip.

Cleft lip repair is a common operation in infants and requires that the child is pain-free during the postoperative period so that handling does not affect the integrity of the delicate surgical site. This study was designed to compare the efficacy and duration of effect of 0.125% bupivacaine given preoperatively as a bilateral infraorbital nerve block with peri-incisional infiltration of the same local anaesthetic for postoperative analgesia in cleft lip repair. It was a randomised, double blind, prospective study in 30 children aged 4-20 months (ASA grade 1). After a standard induction, group A (n = 15) were given a bilateral infraorbital nerve block with 0.125% bupivacaine and group B (n = 15) had peri-incisional infiltration with the same solution. No additional systemic analgesics were given before or during the operation. Intraoperative monitoring comprised measurement of heart rate and blood pressure and post-operatively pain relief was recorded using a behavioural pain relief score. The heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were also monitored at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after tracheal extubation. The results showed that group A had significantly better pain relief (higher scores) than group B for eight hours postoperatively (p < 0.05). The analgesic requirement in group B became significant at two hours postoperatively, while group A had significant analgesic requirements only after eight hours. The significant rise in heart rate and blood pressure that accompanied tracheal intubation in both groups suggested that while both methods of analgesia may be adequate to prevent responses to skin incision, they do not substitute for adequate systemic analgesia during the operation. We conclude that infraorbital nerve block with 0.125% bupivacaine provides better and more prolonged analgesia than peri-incisional infiltration in cleft lip repair.     

BILATERAL INFRAORBITAL NERVE BLOCK IS SUPERIOR TO PERI-INCISIONAL INFILTRATION FOR ANALGESIA AFTER REPAIR OF CLEFT LIP

Cleft lip repair is a common operation in infants and requires that the child is pain-free during the postoperative period so that handling does not affect the integrity of the delicate surgical site. This study was designed to compare the efficacy and duration of effect of 0.125% bupivacaine given preoperatively as a bilateral infraorbital nerve block with peri-incisional infiltration of the same local anaesthetic for postoperative analgesia in cleft lip repair. It was a randomised, double blind, prospective study in 30 children aged 4-20 months (ASA grade 1). After a standard induction, group A (n = 15) were given a bilateral infraorbital nerve block with 0.125% bupivacaine and group B (n = 15) had peri-incisional infiltration with the same solution. No additional systemic analgesics were given before or during the operation. Intraoperative monitoring comprised measurement of heart rate and blood pressure and postoperatively pain relief was recorded using a behavioural pain relief score. The heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were also monitored at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after tracheal extubation. The results showed that group A had significantly better pain relief (higher scores) than group B for eight hours postoperatively (p &lt; 0.05). The analgesic requirement in group B became significant at two hours postoperatively, while group A had significant analgesic requirements only after eight hours. The significant rise in heart rate and blood pressure that accompanied tracheal intubation in both groups suggested that while both methods of analgesia may be adequate to prevent responses to skin incision, they do not substitute for adequate systemic analgesia during the operation. We conclude that infraorbital nerve block with 0.125% bupivacaine provides better and more prolonged analgesia than peri-incisional infiltration in cleft lip repair.     

Prophylacticip injection of bupivacaine and/or morphine does not improve postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of ip bupivacaine and/or morphine for postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic surgery. A controversy exists on the effectiveness and clinical value of ip injection of local anesthetics for postoperative analgesia. A possible peripheral analgesic effect of morphine after ip injection remains debated as well. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, study to compare the efficacy of prophylactic ip administration of 0.9% saline (n = 16), 0.5% bupivacaine (100 mg, n = 15), morphine (3 mg, n = 16) and a mixture with 0.5% bupivacaine (100 mg) and morphine (3 mg, n = 18) to reduce both postoperative pain scores and analgesic requirements after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. A multimodal analgesia regimen (acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and morphine) was used for postoperative analgesia. RESULTS: No difference was observed in postoperative pain scores (visual analogue scale at rest and on coughing), or analgesic requirements during the first 24 postoperative hours between the four groups. There was also no significant intergroup difference in sedation scores and incidence of nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION: When multimodal postoperative analgesia is used, prophylactic ip administration of 100 mg bupivacaine and/or 3 mg morphine does not significantly improve postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.