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1.
银杏叶提取物对心脏直视术后心肌保护效应的临床研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的 研究银杏叶提取物(Egb761)对心脏直视手术后心肌缺血再灌注损伤的心肌保护效果。方法 20例单纯室间隔缺损患者随机分为对照组(ST.Thomas’s停搏液组)、实验组(ST.Thomas停搏液中加入Egb761,每1000mlST.Thomas停搏液中加入50mlEgb761),每组10例。两组灌注方法及体外循环方法相同。分别于下列时点采取桡动脉血:①作皮肤切口前;②主动脉开放即刻;③再灌注后2h;④再灌注后6h;⑤再灌注后24h。测定血清cTnl、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平,同时观察、记录两组患者的体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、开放后心脏自动复跳率,并观察手术前后心肌超微结构的变化。结果 两组患者体外循环时间及主动脉阻断时间比较差异无显著性(P〉0.05)。主动脉开放后所有患者的心脏自动复跳。术前两组患者的血清cTnl、CK-MB的水平比较差异无显著性(均为P〉0.05)。再灌注后2、6、24h实验组血清cTnl、CK-MB的水平明显低于对照组(均为P〈0.05)。对照组手术后心肌超微结构损伤较重,实验组则损伤较轻。结论Egb761能减轻心脏直视手术后心肌缺血再灌注损伤。  相似文献   

2.
丹参停搏液在婴幼儿心内直视手术中的心肌保护作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李凤阁  王刚  胡型锑 《实用医学杂志》2008,24(17):2969-2971
目的:探讨含丹参注射液的停搏液在婴幼儿心内直视手术中的心肌保护作用。方法:30例先天性室间隔缺损的婴幼儿随机分成丹参组(15例)和对照组(15例),两组均在体外循环下行室间隔缺损修补术。丹参组在4:1含血停搏液中加入丹参注射液(20mL/500mL),对照组单用4:1含血停搏液。所有患儿均于体外循环前(T1)、主动脉开放即刻(T2)、主动脉开放后30min(T3)、主动脉开放后3h(T4)、主动脉开放后24h(T5)测定心肌肌钙蛋白-I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,并观察两组体外循环前后心肌超微结构。记录心脏复跳情况、机械通气时间和ICU监护时间。结果:在体外循环后丹参组CK-MB、cTnI、MDA血浆浓度低于对照组,SOD血浆浓度高于对照组。术后心肌组织超微结构显示心肌细胞损害程度丹参组较对照组轻。丹参组心脏自动复跳率高于对照组(P<0.05),机械通气时间及ICU监护时间差异无统计学意义。结论:丹参停搏液能减轻婴幼儿体外循环手术中的心肌损害,对心肌缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用。  相似文献   

3.
【目的】比较康斯特保护液(HTK液)和含血高钾停搏液在风湿性心脏病患者瓣膜置换术中的心肌保护效果。【方法】51例风湿性心脏病联合瓣膜病的患者随机分为对照组(应用4:1冷含血停搏液,n=21)和试验组(应用HTK液,n=30)。分别于术前、术后24h、72h、7d时检测外周静脉血中B型脑钠肽(BNP)和心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平,并比较两组患者主动脉阻断时间、主动脉开放到心脏复跳时间、辅助循环时间、心脏自动复跳率、心律失常、起搏器应用、多巴胺平均最大剂量、呼吸机支持时间等临床指标。【结果】试验组术后BNP与cTnI升高水平均低于对照组(P〈0.05);主动脉阻断时间、主动脉开放到心脏复跳时间、辅助循环时间,多巴胺平均最大剂量、呼吸机支持时间均低于对照组(P〈0.05),心脏自动复跳率高于对照组(P〈0.05),术后出现心律失常、低心排和使用临时心脏起搏器的患者数在试验组中明显减少。【结论】HTK心脏停搏液对风湿性心脏病患者瓣膜置换术中心肌的保护作用优于1:4含血停搏液。  相似文献   

4.
目的比较HTK液和含血停搏液在风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术中对心肌的保护效果。方法42例风湿性心脏病联合瓣膜病患者随机分为对照组和观察组各21例,术中心肌保护液分别使用含血停搏液或HTK液。分别于术前和术后24,72h及7d检测患者外周静脉血中B型脑钠肽和心肌肌钙蛋白I水平;比较2组主动脉阻断时间、主动脉开放至心脏复跳时间、辅助循环时间、心脏自动复跳率、心律失常发生情况、临时起搏器应用情况、多巴胺剂量、呼吸机辅助呼吸时间等临床指标。结果观察组术后各时间点B型脑钠肽与心肌肌钙蛋白I水平均低于对照组(P〈0.05),主动脉阻断时间、主动脉开放至心脏复跳时间、辅助循环时间、多巴胺剂量、呼吸机辅助呼吸时间均短于对照组(P〈0.05),心脏自动复跳率高于对照组(P〈0.05),术后发生心律失常、低心排血量综合征和使用临时心脏起搏器患者数量少于对照组(P〈0.05)。结论风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术中HTK心脏停搏液对心肌保护作用优于含血停搏液。  相似文献   

5.
目的 研究紫外线照射充氧自体血(UBIO)心脏停搏液对犬体外循环(CPB)心内直视手术时心肌线粒体的影响。 方法 选取20只雄性杂交犬,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组和UBIO心脏停搏液组(UBIO组),每组10只。建立犬CPB心内直视手术模型,CPB中对照组使用普通含血心脏停搏液,实验组采用UBIO心脏停搏液。在阻断升主动脉前和开放升主动脉后,分别从冠状静脉窦取血,检测血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平。在打开和关闭右心房时,分别取右心房组织标本,采用化学比色法检测组织匀浆线粒体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,同时测定心肌线粒体膨胀度。 结果 阻断升主动脉前,2组犬cTnI、CK-MB含量之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在开放升主动脉后,对照组cTnI、CK-MB含量高于UBIO组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。打开右心房时,2组犬心肌组织匀浆SOD活性、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。关闭右心房时,2组犬心肌组织匀浆SOD活性、GSH-Px活性低于打开右心房时的SOD活性、GSH-Px活性(P<0.05)。2组犬关闭右心房时的MDA含量均高于组内打开右心房时的MDA含量(P<0.05)。关闭右心房时,UBIO组心肌组织匀浆SOD活性[(34.1±5.1)KNU/g]、GSH-Px活性[(44.2±7.4)kat/g]高于对照组SOD活性[(20.5±4.3)KNU/g]、GSH-Px活性[(32.7±6.3)kat/g],MDA含量[(6.9±1.2)mol/L]低于对照组[(9.5±1.9)mol/L](P<0.05)。UBIO组线粒体膨胀度改变较小。 结论 CPB心内直视手术时存在心肌线粒体清除氧自由基能力下降及线粒体本身脂质过氧化反应,UBIO心脏停搏液可以保持线粒体清除氧自由基的能力,并减轻线粒体本身的受攻击程度,较好地维持线粒体结构与功能,减轻心肌损伤。  相似文献   

6.
[目的]探讨单次灌注停搏液与二次灌注对心肌保护的作用及对手术配合的影响。[方法]50例病人,分别采用4:1心脏停搏液在主动脉根部顺行灌注或用冠状动脉左右灌注管进行逆行灌注,单次灌注组灌注量为1200mL~1800mL;二次灌注组首次灌注量为1000mL~1800mL,第二次灌注量为400mL~1200mL。[结果]单次灌注组心脏自动复跳24例(96%),电击复跳1例(4%);二次灌注组心脏自动复跳19例(76%),电击复跳6例(24%)。单次灌注组与二次灌注组的体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间比较均具有统计学意义,单次灌注组的心脏自动复跳率显著高于二次灌注组。[结论]单次灌注停搏液可使心肌得到更好的保护,避免了心肌的再灌注损伤,能更好地保证体外循环停止后的心功能恢复。  相似文献   

7.
为探讨不同心肌保护方法对重症心脏瓣膜病患者心脏直视术中的心肌保护效果。将40例重症瓣膜病患者随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组(n=20)采用中浅低温氧合血停搏液先行主动脉根部顺灌或冠状动脉直接灌注停跳心脏+冠状静脉窦持续逆灌+开放前温血灌注心肌保护;对照组(n=20)采用冷血停搏液间断灌注心肌保护。观察两组围手术期心肌酶、心肌超微结构及临床血液动力学变化。结果显示,术后各时点实验组CK、CK-MB、cTnI水平均显著低于对照组,实验组心肌超微结构改变轻微,术后自动复跳率高,正性肌力药物用量少。因此,含血停搏液多种灌注方法结合可为重症心脏瓣膜病患者术中提供更好的心肌保护。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨氨茶碱在体外循环(CPB)心脏瓣膜置换术中的心肌保护作用及其可能机制。方法将择期行心脏瓣膜置换术的30例风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者随机分为氨茶碱组和对照组,每组各15例。氨茶碱组麻醉诱导后静脉滴注氨茶碱(5 mg/kg)。分别测定CPB转流前及术后不同时期血浆肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)、心肌环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)以及主动脉血/冠状静脉窦血中性粒细胞(PMN)比值等;同时观察血流动力学等临床指标。结果两组患者各临床指标差异均无统计学意义;升主动脉开放后两组cTnI均比CPB前升高,但氨茶碱组显著低于对照组;升主动脉开放后30 min,两组cAMP均降低,但氨茶碱组心肌cAMP含量显著高于对照组,MPO活性及主动脉血,冠状静脉窦血PMN比值显著低于对照组。结论在CPB心脏瓣膜置换术中,氨茶碱具有一定的心肌保护作用;其机制可能与升高心肌cAMP、抑制白细胞对心肌组织的浸润有关。  相似文献   

9.
为探讨不同心肌保护方法对重症心脏瓣膜病患者心脏直视术中的心肌保护效果。将40例重症瓣膜病患者随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组(n=20)采用中浅低温氧合血停搏液先行主动脉根部顺灌或冠状动脉直接灌注停跳心脏+冠状静脉窦持续逆灌+开放前温血灌注心肌保护;对照组(n=20)采用冷血停搏液间断灌注心肌保护。观察两组围手术期心肌酶、心肌超微结构及临床血液动力学变化。结果显示,术后各时点实验组CK、CK—MB、eTnI水平均显著低于对照组,实验组心肌超微结构改变轻微,术后自动复跳率高,正性肌力药物用量少。因此,含血停搏液多种灌注方法结合可为重症心脏瓣膜病患者术中提供更好的心肌保护。  相似文献   

10.
目的:研究地氟醚预处理对心肺旁路术后早期心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法:30例行二尖瓣及主动脉瓣双瓣替换术的患者,随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组不用吸入麻醉药,地氟醚预处理组在气管插管后至体外循环转流前吸入地氟醚,使地氟醚呼气末浓度达到1MAC左右,累积维持时间不少于30min。分别于主动脉阻断前、开放后30min及1h抽取抗凝动脉血,测定PMN表面CD11b的表达、血浆sICAM-1浓度、MDA、SOD浓度。结果:(1)主动脉阻断前,组间比较血浆sICAM-1浓度无显著差异(P〉0.05),开放后30min、60min血浆sICAM-1浓度较主动脉阻断前明显降低(P〈0.05),组间比较各时间点无显著差异(P〉0.05)。(2)主动脉阻断前,组间比较PMN表面CD11b的表达无显著差异(P〉0.05),但地氟醚预处理组开放后30min、60minCD11b的表达较主动脉阻断前明显升高(P〈0.05),PMN表面CD11b的表达较对照组有降低趋势,主动脉开放后30min地氟醚预处理组CD11b的表达明显降低(P〈0.05)。(3)体外循环前,组间比较血浆SOD、MDA浓度无显著差异(P〉0.05),体外循环主动脉开放后30min、60min,MDA的血浆浓度较主动脉阻断前明显升高(P〈0.05),SOD较主动脉阻断前明显降低(P〈0.05)。地氟醚预处理组,体外循环主动脉开放后各时间点,SOD有升高趋势;MDA较对照组明显降低(P〈0.05)。结论:地氟醚预处理可降低心肺旁路术后早期MDA的释放,增加SOD活性的趋势,与再灌注早期地氟醚预处理可降低PMN表面CD11b有关,地氟醚预处理在心肺旁路术后早期对心肌细胞有保护作用,与内皮细胞粘附分子表达无关系。  相似文献   

11.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

12.
Ranganath C  Heller AS  Wilding EL 《NeuroImage》2007,35(4):1663-1673
Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.  相似文献   

13.
14.
目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高<20%视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P<0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P<0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P<0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.  相似文献   

15.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

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Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.  相似文献   

18.
Delineating the Concept of Hope   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
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Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.  相似文献   

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