广州市468名放射诊断工作人员职业健康管理相关知识知晓情况调查

目的 了解广州市医疗机构放射诊断工作人员职业健康管理相关知识知晓情况及其影响因素。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,对来自省部级、市级、区级、社区和民营机构共468名放射诊断工作人员进行问卷调查。采用logistic回归进行职业健康管理相关知识知晓的影响因素分析。结果 广州市医疗机构放射诊断工作人员职业健康管理相关知识总知晓率为78.56%。知晓现从事岗位患者和受检者以及工作人员个人防护用品配置的分别为0.44%和33.04%,放射工作人员职业健康管理知晓率为79.65%～99.12%。logistic回归分析发现,广州市放射诊断工作人员职业健康管理相关知识知晓的促进因素为放射工龄（OR = 1.068）、市级医疗机构（OR = 7.733）、从不担心电离辐射对自身健康影响（OR = 4.764）和自觉现在工作环境辐射安全（OR = 3.391）。结论 广州市医疗机构放射诊断工作人员职业健康总知晓率较低,个人防护用品配置知晓最为薄弱,应加强相关教育和培训。     

融合国际理念探索医院职业安全管理体系

为保障医务人员职业安全与健康,系统解决医疗行业职业安全与健康问题,香港大学深圳医院以深港合作为契机,借鉴国际职业安全健康管理经验,结合医院现况和存在的职业风险因素,建立了一套标准化职业安全与健康管理体系。同时,医院建立了职业安全事件上报系统,全面识别和评估有害因素,开展对职业风险的全过程全方位管理。     

山西省非医疗机构放射工作人员职业健康管理现状分析

目的 掌握山西省非医疗机构放射工作单位数量以及分类分布基本情况,分析放射工作人员健康管理和辐射防护措施现状,为非医疗机构放射工作单位的职业暴露防护提供科学依据,更好地保障放射工作人员的职业健康权益。方法 采用问卷调查法,对全省部分非医疗机构进行调查;通过现场检测,对选取的非医疗机构开展放射性职业病危害因素检测。结果 220家非医疗机构,射线装置共340台;放射源共2 284枚;个人剂量监测率为92.7%,职业健康检查率为87.2%。配置辐射防护检测仪表325台,个人防护用品1 316件,个人剂量报警仪730台。开展放射性职业病危害因素检测101家。结论 山西省非医疗机构的放射工作人员的职业健康管理在总体上符合各项国家标准,但与医疗机构的职业健康管理水平还存在较大差距,卫生行政部门应当明确各项专门针对非医疗机构用人单位的管理措施,加强其监督和管理职能。     

PCO企业推行与实施职业健康安全体系探究

OHSAS18001(职业健康及安全体系认证,OHSAS全名为"Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series"),是用于证明组织的职业健康与安全管理要求,规定组织日常事件是经过特殊设计的,并对职业健康与安全风险进行有效管理的国际标准.职业健康安全管理体系标准化,是继质量管理体系(ISO9001)和环境管理体系(ISO14000)国际标准化之后,在世界范围内推行的管理标准化的又一热点.当前,国际上一些跨国公司和现代化联合企业在强化质量管理的同时,也建立了与生产管理同步的安全生产管理制度.为了提高自己的社会形象和控制职业伤害给企业带来的损失,这些企业开始建立自律性的职业健康安全管理制度并逐步形成了比较科学化、规范化、法制化的体系.     

新疆部分医疗机构放射治疗和核医学设备放射卫生现况调查

医疗照射和职业照射的防护关系着受检者和职业工作人员的健康与安全。近几年来,国家不断加强医疗机构放射卫生防护工作,卫生监督机构加也大了对医疗机构的放射卫生监督力度,医疗机构放射卫生防护工作持续的改进与完善,医疗机构的工     

医院推行1SO14001及OHSASl8001体系认证的理论与实践

目的　贯彻落实国家保护环境和节约能源资源的各项法律法规与部门规章以及管理医院环境内有毒、有害危险因素 ,减少和降低职业损害 ,保护医院环境内的所有人群的身体健康。方法　按照ISO14 0 0 1环境管理体系———规范与使用指南 ,及OHSASl80 0 1职业健康安全管理体系—规范建立环境、职业健康安全管理体系。结果　通过体系运行使医院的环境管理、能源资源的合理应用与职业健康安全管理符合国家相关标准要求 ,并通过认证公司的认证审核并推荐注册。结论　通过贯标认证提高了员工保护环境、节约能源与资源的意识 ,加强了职业防护能力。     

医院推行ISO14001及OHSASl8001体系认证的理论与实践

目的贯彻落实国家保护环境和节约能源资源的各项法律法规与部门规章以及管理医院环境内有毒、有害危险因素,减少和降低职业损害,保护医院环境内的所有人群的身体健康.方法按照ISO14001环境管理体系--规范与使用指南,及OHSASl8001职业健康安全管理体系-规范建立环境、职业健康安全管理体系.结果通过体系运行使医院的环境管理、能源资源的合理应用与职业健康安全管理符合国家相关标准要求,并通过认证公司的认证审核并推荐注册.结论通过贯标认证提高了员工保护环境、节约能源与资源的意识,加强了职业防护能力.     

利用当代信息技术开发医院放射工作人员职业健康监护信息系统

目的 加强对医院放射工作人员的职业健康管理,提升档案管理的运作效率。方法 贯彻执行《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》和《放射工作人员职业健康管理办法》,用人单位对从事放射工作人员建立职业健康管理档案,同时应满足不断发展的现代化管理要求。结果 以云计算-无线网络等当代信息技术为支持开发医院放射工作人员职业健康监护信息系统,实现数据的高效共享。结论 该系统应在卫生行政部门倡导下开发并完善并在各级医疗机构中心推广应用。     

浅谈高校医疗机构医务人员综合职业素质

努力建设一支具有综合职业素质的专业医疗队伍是高校医疗机构的重要任务.本文分析了目前高校医疗机构人员综合职业素质存在的问题,包括专业知识与技能低下,部分医务人员存在自卑、自负的不健康心态,岗位责任意识薄弱,沟通能力差等.探索提升高校医疗机构医务人员综合职业素质的有效方法,认为应严把招聘进人关,加强岗前培训与制度管理,培养良好的沟通能力、文化修养和健康的心理素质.     

医疗机构辐射安全的规范化管理

目前X线已被广泛应用于临床医学，放射诊疗逐渐成为医疗机构进行疾病诊断和治疗不可缺少的一部分。医疗机构应建立一套完整的放射防护监管制度，加强放射诊疗设备及场所的规范化管理，并委派专职管理员督促放射工作人员根据相关法律规定及时接受放射防护知识培训与考核、参加个人职业健康体检并正确佩戴个人剂量检测卡，同时建立并管理放射工作人员的放射健康工作档案，维护和保障放射工作人员及患者的健康权益。     

Occupational health in Mexico

The authors discuss the maquiladoras and child labor, and offer an overview of the history of occupational safety and health in Mexico that covers laws and regulations, social security, unions, and enforcement of legislation. The organization and structure of the various institutions responsible for occupational safety and health (OSH), as well as administrative procedures, are described. This article concludes with a list of the new challenges for OSH in Mexico.     

Information dissemination and use: critical components in occupational safety and health

BACKGROUND: Information dissemination is a mandated, but understudied, requirement of occupational and environmental health laws and voluntary initiatives. Research is needed on the factors that enhance and limit the development, transfer, and use of occupational safety and health information (OSH). Contemporary changes in the workforce, workplaces, and the nature of work will require new emphasis on the dissemination of information to foster prevention. METHODS: Legislative and regulatory requirements and voluntary initiatives for dissemination of OSH information were identified and assessed. Literature on information dissemination was reviewed to identify important issues and useful approaches. RESULTS: More than 20 sections of laws and regulations were identified that mandated dissemination of occupational and environmental safety and health information. A four-stage approach for tracking dissemination and considering the flow of information was delineated. Special areas of dissemination were identified: the information needs of the changing workforce, new and young workers; small businesses; and workers with difficulty in understanding or reading English. CONCLUSIONS: We offer a framework for dissemination of OSH information and underscore the need to focus on the extent to which decision-makers and others receive and use such information. More solid data are also needed on current investments in disseminating, diffusing and applying OSH information and on the utility of that information. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:515-531, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

“互联网+医疗健康”的信息安全

“互联网+医疗”在给患者就医带来便利的同时,其信息安全管理问题也越来越被关注。阐述了“互联网+”医疗健康信息安全的重要性,并对其存在的安全隐患进行分析,指出了“互联网+医疗”中存在的法律法规缺位、平台商业化利用风险、从业人员管理风险以及诊疗信息泄露风险等问题,同时提出了完善法律法规、树立从业人员安全意识、建立信息安全体系、强化医疗机构服务理念等对策,以期为加强互联网医疗健康信息安全提供借鉴。     

Towards an effective co-operation between companies and occupational safety and health services

In the Dutch Working Conditions Act, every employer is required to organize preventive occupational safety and health services (OSH-Services). The OSH-Services need to have a certification that can be compared with ISO-9000. This article is focused on the question: How can companies and OSH-Services co-operate more effectively to obtain a better OSH management system inside the companies? To answer this question, TNO has developed an approach to support organisations in the health care branch to obtain a better service from their OSH-Service. TNO has chosen to focus on supporting the companies, because of the recognition that the effectiveness of OSH-Services has been found in effects on their customers, the companies. As a result of the research project a stepwise approach with several tools was developed. After the development phase, parts of the approach and the tools were used in several other consultancy projects. Evaluative studies have not been performed yet. However, from the development activities and several consultancy projects some remarkable evaluative findings can be given. The approach can be useful for companies and OSH-Services to make their goals and expectations more explicit. The approach also helps to make the management of companies clear that their own behaviour is relevant to the achievement of their goals in occupational health and safety policy, in addition to the services provided by the OSH-Service and their professionals. The approach cannot fulfil the possible need for qualification of OSH professionals. However, the approach can make the OSH professionals clear in what way they have qualification needs.     

Occupational safety and health in India: now and the future

India, a growing economy and world's largest democracy, has population exceeding 1.2 billion. Out of this huge number, 63.6% form working age group. More than 90% work in the informal economy, mainly agriculture and services. Less than 10% work in the organized sector; mainly industry, mining and some services. New service industries like Information Technology (IT), Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) are increasing rapidly; so is the proportion of females in the workforce. The occupational safety and health (OSH) scenario in India is complex. Unprecedented growth and progress go hand in hand with challenges such as huge workforce in unorganized sector, availability of cheap labor, meager public spending on health, inadequate implementation of existing legislation, lack of reliable OSH data, shortage of OSH professionals, multiplicity of statutory controls, apathy of stakeholders and infrastructure problems. The national policy on OSH at workplace, adopted by the government in 2009, is yet to be implemented. Some of the major occupational risks are accidents, pneumoconiosis, musculoskeletal injuries, chronic obstructive lung diseases; pesticide poisoning and noise induced hearing loss. The three most important OSH needs are: 1. legislation to extend OSH coverage to all sectors of working life including the unorganized sector; 2. spreading the awareness about OSH among stakeholders; 3. development of OSH infrastructure and OSH professionals. Other issues include integration of occupational health with primary health care.     

上海市外来务工人员职业健康现况调查报告

目的了解上海市外来务工人员职业健康现状,为政府加强对外来务工人员职业健康保护、推动职业人群人人享有职业健康保健提供参考。方法以整群抽样方法,抽取上海市31家工业企业、3306名外来务工人员和1434名本地劳动者为调查对象,调查劳动者的职业健康状况,同时了解本市外来务工人员的职业健康监护和职业病发病情况。结果外来务工人员接触职业病危害因素的比例高于本地劳动者,职业健康知识知晓率偏低,职业健康监护率低于本地劳动者,外来务工人员职业病检出率高于本市户籍劳动者。结论政府应加大职业健康监管工作力度,加强职业健康知识宣传教育,积极探索服务外来务工人员新方法,推动职业人群人人享有职业健康保健。     

Assessment of occupational safety and health programs in small businesses

BACKGROUND: Occupational safety and health (OSH) programs are a strategy for protecting workers' health, yet there are few peer-reviewed reports on methods for assessing them, or on the prevalent characteristics of OSH programs, especially in small businesses. METHODS: We adapted an occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) survey instrument to assess: management commitment and employee participation, workplace analysis, hazard prevention and control, and education and training. This was supplemented by a series of open-ended questions. We administered the survey in 25 small worksites. RESULTS: Scores for each element ranged widely, with distribution of most scores being positively skewed. Barriers to addressing OSH included lack of time and in-house expertise, and production pressures. External agents, including corporate parents, liability insurers, and OSHA, played an important role in motivating OSH programs. CONCLUSIONS: Small businesses were able to mount comprehensive programs, however, they may rely on outside resources for this task. Being small may not be a barrier to meeting the requirements of an OSHA program management rule.     

Occupational health in Malaysia

This article provides a detailed examination of Malaysian occupational health agencies and their roles in formulating and enforcing standards, promoting occupational health and safety (OSH), and providing advisory services. Available OSH training is described, and the need for policies and personnel in various industries is outlined. Further, the authors discuss how international models and collaboration have influenced Malaysian OSH, and how some successes can be repeated and failures remedied.     

合肥市职业卫生现状及对策研究

目的了解合肥市职业卫生现状,为指导今后开展职业卫生工作、预防控制职业病提供依据。方法采用统一调查表对合肥市78家企业进行调查,结合合肥市2001~2005年企业职业有害因素现场监测和职业性健康体检资料,对职业危害因素、职业性健康损害发生情况和职业卫生管理现状进行描述性分析。结果目前合肥市职业性健康体检率为13.46%,存在职业病危害的建设项目预评价率为2.05%,防护设施和防护用品配置率低,职业卫生管理状况不容乐观,职业性健康损害发生呈逐年上升趋势。结论应加大职业病防治投入,进一步完善职业卫生监督管理体制,加强职业卫生监管力度,保护职工健康。     

Integrating occupational safety and health information into vocational and technical education and other workforce preparation programs

The high rates of injury among young workers are a pressing public health issue, especially given the demand of the job market for new workers. Young and new workers experience the highest rates of occupational injuries of any age group. Incorporating occupational safety and health (OSH) information into the more than 20 000 vocational and other workforce preparation programs in the United States might provide a mechanism for reducing work-related injuries and illnesses among young and new workers. We assessed the status of including OSH information or training in workforce preparation programs and found there is an inconsistent emphasis on OSH information.