大脑中动脉瘤的治疗策略(附111例病例分析)

目的探讨大脑中动脉瘤治疗方法的选择和疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2011年7月间手术夹闭和血管内介入治疗的111例114个大脑中动脉瘤。分析术前分级、动脉瘤大小、部位、治疗结果。结果手术夹闭88例患者90个动脉瘤,术后15 d～48个月(平均12.7个月)造影随访,夹闭动脉瘤89个,瘤颈残留1个,未见复发。血管内介入治疗23例24个动脉瘤。支架辅助栓塞7个,球囊辅助栓塞3个,单纯微弹簧圈栓塞12个,17个动脉瘤术后1～37个月(平均10.6个月)造影随访,5个(29.4%)复发;单纯支架治疗2个(未破裂夹层动脉瘤),术后3个月造影随访,1个动脉瘤消失,1个无变化。Glasgow预后评分5～4分中夹闭72例(81.8%),介入21例(91.3%)。结论窄颈(浆果样)大脑中动脉瘤,手术夹闭和介入栓塞均不易复发。复杂大脑中动脉瘤手术夹闭不易复发,介入栓塞相对容易复发。大脑中动脉瘤合并血肿(血肿量>30 mL),选择手术夹闭动脉瘤并清除血肿。介入栓塞和手术夹闭大脑中动脉瘤均能有效防止动脉瘤再出血。     

20例颅内巨大动脉瘤的手术治疗体会

目的报告20例颅内巨大动脉瘤,重点探讨其病理和临床特点及外科治疗方法。方法20例中19例有蛛网膜下腔出血、脑受压以及脑缺血等症状,动脉瘤分别位于颈内动脉6例,大脑前动脉5例,大脑中动脉4例,椎基底动脉5例,全部接受手术治疗。结果好16例,差2例,死亡2例。结论对颅内巨大动脉瘤应采取积极的外科治疗,手术应根据情况采用载瘤动脉临时阻断,动脉瘤减压、组合夹闭,载瘤动脉塑形,血管重建以及深低温停循环等综合手段。而不是简单夹闭动脉瘤,才能取得较好的效果。     

显微手术治疗颅内微小动脉瘤的效果观察

目的 探讨显微手术治疗颅内微小动脉瘤的效果.方法 选择65例颅内微小动脉瘤患者作为研究对象,均采用显微手术治疗.根据动脉瘤的部位选择相应的手术入路,并以瘤颈直接夹闭术、瘤颈瘤体塑形夹闭术、微小动脉瘤包裹术作为处理微小动脉瘤的方法,统计所有患者术后并发症发生情况,并随访1个月评估患者预后.结果 65例微小动脉瘤患者术后出...     

颅内破裂动脉瘤50例瘤颈夹闭术围手术期处理

目的:探讨颅内动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭术围手术期处理要点。方法:对破裂后颅内动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭术50例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:50例中有5例为多发性动脉瘤(左前交通动脉瘤合并左大脑中动脉瘤1例,右前交通动脉瘤合并右大脑中动脉瘤1例,双侧颈内-后交通动脉瘤2例,左小脑后下动脉上有3枚动脉瘤1例),单一动脉瘤45例(颈内-后交通动脉瘤19例,前交通动脉瘤18例,大脑中动脉瘤6例,脉络膜前动脉瘤、眼动脉瘤各1例),共计动脉瘤56枚,均行动脉瘤颈夹闭术,共夹闭动脉瘤54枚;术后恢复良好(GOSⅠ、Ⅱ级)41例,术后并发脑梗死伴偏瘫4例,脑积水2例,死亡3例(其中2例为Hunt&Hess分级IV级)。结论:选择适当的手术时机、熟练的显微外科技术、有效的药物治疗等措施是颅内动脉瘤手术治疗的关键。     

大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤的血管内栓塞治疗效果

目的总结大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤影像学特征、血管内栓塞治疗技巧及结果.方法采用微弹簧圈栓塞治疗大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤194例,对宽颈动脉瘤则采用瘤颈成形辅助技术,其中球囊辅助成形术17例,微导丝辅助成形技术19例,支架结合弹簧圈栓塞21例.结果栓塞程度:致密栓塞134例(69%),90%以上38例(20%),90%以下22例(11%).术中出血9例(4.6%),死亡1例(0.5%).结论电解可脱卸弹簧圈栓塞大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤具有微创、安全、效果可靠的优点.采用微导丝辅助瘤颈成形技术、瘤颈重塑形技术、血管内支架等方法,可以明显提高宽颈动脉瘤的致密栓塞率和减少脑梗死并发症发生.     

微型探头血管超声在颅内动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的 颅内动脉瘤的手术治疗通常会造成动脉瘤夹闭不全或载瘤动脉狭窄。术中微血管多普勒（IMD）是有趣的、无创及价廉的工具。本研究评估IMD在动脉瘤术中引导瘤夹位置的实用性及可靠性。 方法 92例患者（101枚颅内动脉瘤）,IMD（微型探头频率为20MHz,探头直径为1.5mm）运用于动脉瘤夹闭术前后,证实动脉瘤夹闭完全、载瘤动脉及分支血管通畅,IMD结果与术后血管造影进行比较。同时90例患者（108枚动脉瘤）动脉瘤术中不用IMD监测作为对照组进行比较。 结果 微型探头能监测Willis环及其分支的所有血管。IMD监测发现,23.8%动脉瘤因动脉瘤夹闭不全和（或）血管狭窄而调整瘤夹位置。IMD显示10.9%动脉瘤夹闭后,动脉瘤内出现持续微弱的血流频谱（表明动脉瘤夹闭不全）而调整瘤夹位置; 18.8%动脉瘤因载瘤动脉、分支血管的狭窄或闭塞而调整瘤夹位置。 IMD平均监测时间为4.8分钟。动脉瘤夹调整的频率（平均1.8次/例）与动脉瘤的大小及位置有关。未出现应用IMD相关的并发症,术后血管造影证实动脉瘤夹闭完全及载瘤动脉通畅。 不用IMD组术后血管造影显示,8.3%动脉瘤出现动脉瘤夹闭不全,10.2%的动脉瘤出现载瘤动脉狭窄。应用IMD能减少残余动脉瘤及无法预料的血管狭窄,与动脉瘤术中不用IMD组比较有显著的统计学意义。 结论 IMD是一项安全、简便、可靠而有效的工具,可常规应用于颅内动脉瘤术中,尤其是复杂的、大型和巨大型宽颈或无瘤颈的动脉瘤。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影诊断颅内动脉瘤的临床应用

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法 对83例疑为动脉瘤的蛛网膜下腔出血患者急诊行CTA检查，观察其原始图像及VR，MIP、MPR后处理图像，部分病例同DSA、3D TOF MRA或手术所见对照。结果 发现64例动脉瘤患者共69个颅内动脉瘤（5例患者为2处动脉瘤）．其中颈内动脉28例，大脑前动脉3例。前交通动脉14例，大脑中动脉6例，大脑后动脉1例，后交通动脉11例．椎基底动脉6例：并发瘤内血栓3例：钙化2例；件脑实质血肿15例，脑室积血11例，脑血管痉挛5例。CTA表现与手术结果、DSA、3D TOF MRA基本一致。多层螺旋CT血管成像可充分显示颅内动脉瘤的部位、形态，大小、瘤颈大小、与载瘤血管及临近血管、骨结构的关系、有无瘤内血栓及颅内出血等并发症。结论多层螺旋CT血管造影可获得丰富的影像信息，为临床选择治疗方案提供重要依据，并可作为术后复诊的重要手段。     

早期显微手术治疗前循环破裂脑动脉瘤68例临床分析

目的 研究前循环破裂脑动脉瘤的早期显微手术及脑血管痉挛的综合防治.方法 整群选择2014年2月—2016年2月医院收治的前循环破裂的脑动脉瘤患者68例,术前均急诊行DSA或CTA检查明确诊断,后交通动脉瘤36例,前交通动脉瘤12例,大脑中动脉瘤7例,大脑前动脉瘤4例,颈内动脉其它部位动脉瘤9例.所有患者均于发病后72小时内采用显微手术的方法 进行治疗,术中显微解剖分离动脉瘤载瘤动脉及瘤颈后夹闭,清除血肿及冲洗释放血性脑脊液,局部应用罂粟碱棉片贴敷,术后使用法舒地尔、尼莫地平等药物对脑血管痉挛进行预防.记录患者的动脉瘤成功夹闭率,病人功能恢复情况,同时记录患者的治疗效果.结果 动脉瘤颈成功夹闭率为88.24%(60/68),未能夹闭瘤颈8例:分别予动脉瘤孤立2例;载瘤动脉夹闭1例,动脉瘤包裹加固4例,血管塑形重建1例.改良Rankin量表评分0分17例、1分20例、2分17例、3分10例、4分2例、5分1例、6分1例;术后并发严重脑血管痉挛及脑梗塞1例,并发脑积水3例;随访6个月~2.1年,平均(11.3±5.6)个月,无动脉瘤复发病例,死亡1例.结论 早期显微手术治疗前循环破裂脑动脉瘤,能够取得理想的治疗效果,术中尽量彻底清除血凝块,释放血性脑脊液,局部应用罂粟碱,术后使用法舒地尔、尼莫地平等药物,能够有效防治脑血管痉挛的症状发生.     

吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影在颅内动脉瘤手术中的临床研究

目的探讨吲哚箐绿荧光血管造影治疗颅内动脉瘤的应用价值。方法回顾性总结10例10个颅内动脉瘤。术中采用吲哚箐绿荧光血管造影,评估动脉瘤夹闭情况以及载瘤动脉的血供情况,根据造影结果必要时调整动脉瘤夹。术后行CT血管显像（CTA）判断动脉瘤夹闭情况。结果术中荧光血管造影发现动脉瘤残颈2例,载瘤动脉狭窄1例,均根据造影结果及时调整动脉瘤夹。术后CTA检查证实动脉瘤夹闭完全。结论显微镜联合吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影是动脉瘤手术中的有用工具,为动脉瘤夹闭术中提供实时信息,及时检查手术效果,可有效减少术后并发症,提高手术的安全性,从而能有效改善患者预后。     

颅内动脉瘤显微手术及血管内栓塞治疗的比较研究

目的比较显微外科手术和血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤疗效和相关并发症。方法对62例64个颅内动脉瘤外科治疗,其中行显微手术瘤颈夹闭34例,血管内电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗28例;对两组疗效和并发症进行比较分析。结果显微手术组:33例成功夹闭瘤颈(其中2例分离瘤颈时动脉瘤破裂),1例合并脑内血肿在清除血肿后急性脑膨出未能显露动脉瘤;手术相关并发症4例,死亡2例。31例术后两周复查血管造影,动脉瘤完全夹闭83.9%(26/31)。血管内栓塞组:动脉瘤完全闭塞70.0%(21/30);血管内栓塞相关并发症2例,无死亡。结论显微手术和血管内栓塞是治疗颅内动脉瘤的有效方法,二者互有优缺点,相互补充。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.