盐酸美金刚联合多奈哌齐治疗中、重度阿尔茨海默病的临床研究

目的：探讨盐酸美金刚联合多奈哌齐治疗中、重度阿尔茨海默病（AD）的临床疗效及安全性。方法将86例AD 患者随机分为盐酸美金刚联合多奈哌齐组（实验组）和多奈哌齐组（对照组）,在治疗前、治疗后24周末分别利用简易智能状态检查（MMSE）评分量表、AD评估量表-认知部分（ADAS-cog）、日常生活能力（ADL）量表和神经精神症状问卷（NPI）评估。结果实验组和对照组在治疗前后ADAS-cog、ADL和NPI及MMSE差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,实验组的NPI评分变化高于对照组（P〈0．05）。两组不良反应事件发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论实验组和对照组对AD认知功能均有改善,但前者对NPI的改善更明显,两组治疗均具有良好的安全性。     

小剂量多奈哌齐联合美金刚治疗阿尔茨海默病的疗效观察

目的 探讨小剂量多奈哌齐联合美金刚治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）的疗效.方法 方法64例AD患者按照治疗方式的不同分为观察组及对照组,各32例.观察组采用小剂量多奈哌齐联合美金刚治疗,对照组采用美金刚治疗,观察及比较两组患者治疗前后简易智能精神状态量表（MMSE）和日常生活活动能力量表（ADL）评分情况及不良反应.结果 两组间治疗前MMSE及ADL评分差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,治疗后差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;两组治疗前后MMSE及ADL评分差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 盐酸多奈哌齐联合美金刚对AD患者的认知及日常生活能力的改善作用明显,临床耐受较好,可在临床推广使用.     

高压氧联合盐酸多奈哌齐治疗老年期痴呆临床研究

目的观察高压氧联合盐酸多奈哌齐治疗老年期痴呆（elderly dementia,ED）的临床疗效。方法 82例阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer＇s disease,AD）和93例血管性痴呆（vascular dementia,VD）患者,随机分为高压氧、盐酸多奈哌齐、高压氧＋盐酸多奈哌齐、吡拉西坦组。比较治疗前后各组简易精神状态量表（MMSE）、韦氏成人记忆量表（WMS）、生活功能量表（ADL）的评分。结果治疗后高压氧、盐酸多奈哌齐、高压氧＋盐酸多奈哌齐组其MMSE、ADL、WMS评分均较治疗前明显改善,且均优于吡拉西坦对照组,高压氧＋盐酸多奈哌齐治疗组又优于单纯盐酸多奈哌齐组和高压氧治疗组。结论高压氧联合盐酸多奈哌齐应用可明显改善AD与VD患者的MMSE、WMS、ADL评分,疗效提高,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

复方丹参片联合多奈哌齐治疗阿尔茨海默病的 临床疗效研究

目的 探讨复方丹参片联合多奈哌齐治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）的安全性和有效性。方法 选取广 西壮族自治区江滨医院AD 患者共100 例，随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组，每组50 例。对照组给予多奈 哌齐治疗，观察组给予复方丹参片联合多奈哌齐治疗。观察组与对照组治疗前、治疗后1 个月、治疗后3 个 月的简易精神状态量表（MMSE）评分、AD 认知功能评定量表（ADAS-cog）评分、日常生活能力量表（ADL） 评分、血清谷氨酸（Glu）水平、血清天冬氨酸（Asp）水平，均采用重复测量设计的方差分析。统计不良反 应发生率。结果 ①不同时间点间的MMSE 评分、ADAS-cog 评分、ADL 评分、血清Glu 水平、血清Asp 水平 有差异（P <0.05）。②观察组与对照组的MMSE 评分、ADAS-cog 评分、ADL 评分、血清Glu 水平、血清Asp 水平有差异（P <0.05），观察组与对照组比较MMSE 评分较高，ADAS-cog 评分、ADL 评分、血清Glu 水 平、血清Asp 水平较低。③观察组与对照组的MMSE 评分、ADAS-cog 评分、ADL 评分、血清Glu 水平、血 清Asp 水平变化趋势有差异（P <0.05）。观察组和对照组不良反应发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P <0.05）。 结论 复方丹参片联合多奈哌齐治疗AD 的效果确切，其机制可能与抑制兴奋性氨基酸表达有关。     

美金刚联合多奈哌齐治疗高龄阿尔茨海默病的疗效及安全性

目的观察美金刚联合多奈哌齐治疗高龄阿尔茨海默病的疗效及安全性。方法将32例高龄阿尔茨海默病患者分为美金刚联合多奈哌齐治疗组（联合治疗组）和单用多奈哌齐治疗组（对照组）,疗程16周。分别于治疗前后评估简易精神状态量表（MMSE）、阿尔茨海默病评价量表-认知分量表（ADAS-cog）、日常生活能力（ADL）及精神神经科问卷（NPI）。结果两组治疗前后MMSE、ADAS-cog、ADL及NPI评分差异均有统计学意义（均〈0.05）。治疗16周后,联合治疗组NPI评分明显小于对照组（〈0.05）。结论美金刚联合多奈哌齐以及单用多奈哌齐均能有效治疗高龄阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能、日常生活能力及改善情感和精神异常,但在改善情感和精神异常方面联合治疗效果优于单用多奈哌齐。     

盐酸多奈哌齐联合孙氏经颅重复针刺法治疗阿尔茨海默病的效果

目的 观察盐酸多奈哌齐联合孙氏经颅重复针刺法治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）的临床效果。 方法 选取2022年9月至2023年9月黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院哈南分院针灸门诊收治的90例AD患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组、对照A组、对照B组,各30例。对照A组给予口服盐酸多奈哌齐治疗,对照B组行孙氏经颅重复针刺法治疗,观察组为盐酸多奈哌齐联合孙氏经颅重复针刺法治疗,均治疗8周。评价其临床疗效。比较三组治疗前及治疗后4、8周简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）、阿尔茨海默病认知评估量表（ADAS-cog）和日常生活活动能力量表（ADL）评分及血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平。 结果 观察组临床疗效优于对照A组及对照B组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。三组治疗后4、8周MMSE评分高于治疗前,ADAS-cog、ADL评分和血清Hcy水平低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;三组治疗后8周MMSE评分高于治疗后4周,ADAS-cog、ADL评分和血清Hcy水平低于治疗后4周,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后8周,观察组MMSE评分高于对照A组和对照B组,ADAS-cog、ADL评分和血清Hcy水平低于对照A组和对照B组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 盐酸多奈哌齐联合孙氏经颅重复针刺法可改善轻中度AD患者的认知功能及行为能力,降低血清Hcy水平,且效果优于单纯口服多奈哌齐和孙氏经颅重复针刺法,值得临床推广。     

盐酸美金刚联合盐酸多奈哌齐治疗阿尔茨海默病的临床疗效研究

目的 探讨盐酸多奈哌齐联用盐酸美金刚治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)的临床疗效.方法 采用回顾性调查研究方式,纳入80例符合标准的AD患者,其中观察组与对照组各40例,观察组患者给予盐酸多奈哌齐和盐酸美金刚联合治疗,对照组患者仅使用盐酸多奈哌齐治疗.对比分析2组患者阿尔茨海默病评估量表-认知分表(ADAS-cog)、简易精神状态检查量表(MMES)以及日常生活能力评定量表(ADL)的得分情况,以及不良反应的发生情况.结果 观察组患者ADAS-cog量表、MMES量表及ADL量表得分情况均显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者不良反应情况差异不明显,不具有统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 盐酸多奈哌齐联合盐酸美金刚能有效改善AD患者的认知功能及日常生活能力,不良反应小,耐受性好.     

天津市阿尔茨海默病诊疗状况调查分析

【目的】回顾性分析天津市神经内科门诊阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer disease,AD）就诊及治疗状况。【方法】选择2011年3月-2013年5月天津市三甲医院神经内科门诊初诊AD患者,采取简易精神状态量表（MMSE）、日常生活能力量表（ADL）和北京版蒙特利尔认知评价量表（MOCA—BJ）进行评价并定期随访;根据选择药物治疗的不同进行分组分析。【结果】人选450例AD患者,女性占52．7％,平均年龄70．6岁;156例轻度AD（34．67％）、209例中度AD（46．44％）、85例重度AD（18．89％）,三者在性别、发病时间和学历存在差别（P〈0．01）;奥拉西坦组11例（2．44％）,多奈哌齐组198例（44％）,美金刚组71例（15．78％）,联合治疗（美金刚和多奈哌齐）组58例（12．89％）,未治疗组112例（24．89％）,治疗组在病程、MMSE、MOCA—BJ、ADL评分存在统计学意义（P=0．000）,多奈哌齐组与美金刚组或联合治疗组存在明显差异（P〈0．01）,而美金刚组与联合治疗组无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;未治疗组认知功能和日常生活能力比治疗组明显下降。【结论】天津市初诊的AD患者以中重度为主,抗痴呆药物选择的主要与病程和病情严重程度有关;早期积极的诊断治疗AD可有效延缓疾病进展速度,改善认知功能。     

轻度认知功能障碍的临床干预研究

目的探讨老年轻度认知功能损害(MCI)患者的干预治疗。方法治疗组MCI患者33例,给予多奈哌齐5mg/d,共12个月,同期空白对照组27例。分析各组向痴呆转化率以及MMSE、MOCA和ADL变化。结果多奈哌齐组较对照组简易智能状态检测量表(MMSE)评分显著改善(P0.05),蒙特利尔认知量表(MOCA)评分改善更为明显(P0.01),日常生活自理量表(ADL)评分改善不明显。由MCI向AD转化率、服用和未服用多奈哌齐组于12个月时分别为9.1%和14.8%(P0.05)。结论多奈哌齐能有效改善轻度认知功能损害(MCI)患者的认知功能,推迟MCI向AD转化。     

美金刚与多奈哌齐治疗轻中度阿尔茨海默病的对照研究

目的:评价美金刚对轻中度阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者认知功能的改善作用.方法:将63例轻中度AD[简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分界于10～26分]患者随机分为2组,美金刚治疗组32例,多奈哌齐治疗组31例.美金刚治疗组给予盐酸美金刚,起始剂量为5 mg/d,前3周以每周5 mg递增,从第4周开始,剂量维持在20mg/d;多奈哌齐治疗组给予安理申5 mg/d,4周后将剂量改为10 mg/d.2组观察总疗程均为18周.2组患者分别在治疗前,治疗后4、12和18周进行MMSE量表及AD评估量表的认知分量表(ADAS-cog)测评.结果:MMSE(F时间=11.232,P＜0.001)和ADAS-cog(F时间=13.717,P＜0.001)均显示2组评分在治疗前,治疗后4、12和18周4个时间点上有差异,并且认知功能逐渐好转;但2组间未见差异(MMSE:F组间=3.563,P=0.062;ADAS-cog:F组间=3.247,P=0.068).结论:美金刚可以改善轻中度AD患者的认知功能,与多奈哌齐的疗效相似.     

The pathophysiological and molecular basis of Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes

Molecular defects affecting the transport of sodium, potassium and chloride in the nephron through the ROMK K⁺ channel, Na⁺/K⁺/2Cl^- cotransporter, the Na⁺/Cl^- cotransporter and chloride channel have been identified in patients with Bartter''s and Gitelman''s syndromes. Defects of the angiotensin II type I receptor and CFTR have also being described. These defects are simple (ie, most are single amino acid substitutions) but affect key elements in tubular transport. The simplicity of the genetic defects may explain why the inheritance of these conditions remains unclear in most kindreds (ie, not just recessive or dominant) and emphasises the crucial importance of the conformational structure of these channels. Application of this molecular information will allow the early genetic identification of patients with these syndromes and enable us to differentiate between the various disorders at a functional level. It may also identify a sub-group in which the heterozygous form may make patients potentially exquisitely sensitive to diuretics.


     

抗菌肽PR39真核表达载体的构建及其在巨噬细胞中的表达和抗菌作用

目的 构建抗菌肽PR39的真核表达载体,转染后观察PR39在小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7中的表达及抗菌作用.方法 采用拼接PCR法合成抗菌肽PR39基因,克隆到真核表达载体pIRES2-GFP中,经鉴定后用阳离子脂质体转染小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7,通过RT-PCR和免疫荧光法检测目的 基因的表达,并对其抗菌活性进行初步检测.结果 成功构建了抗菌肽PR39的真核表达载体pIRES2-GFP/PR39,并能在小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7中表达抗菌肽PR39.表达抗菌肽PR39的巨噬细胞杀灭和清除胞内菌的能力明显增强.结论 抗菌肽PR39基因能够在小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7中表达并发挥抗菌作用.     

Fournier's gangrene and its emergency management

Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a rare but life threatening disease. Although originally thought to be an idiopathic process, FG has been shown to have a predilection for patients with diabetes as well as long term alcohol misuse; however, it can also affect patients with non-obvious immune compromise. The nidus is usually located in the genitourinary tract, lower gastrointestinal tract, or skin. FG is a mixed infection caused by both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora. The development and progression of the gangrene is often fulminating and can rapidly cause multiple organ failure and death. Because of potential complications, it is important to diagnose the disease process as early as possible Although antibiotics and aggressive debridement have been broadly accepted as the standard treatment, the death rate remains high.     

叶进教授从乙癸同源辨治女童青春期疾病经验撷要

乙癸同源又称"肝肾同源"，作为中医五行学说的重要组成部分，历来受到医家重视，在发展完善的过程中被用来治疗诸多病证。叶进教授作为江苏省中医院儿科生长发育专科创始人，在诊治儿童青春期内分泌疾病方面有着丰富的临床经验，临证发现小儿青春期相关疾病从"乙癸同源"角度进行辨治可以取得满意疗效。     

986例新安王氏内科含茯苓处方用药规律及数据挖掘研究

[目的]挖掘新安王氏内科医案中含茯苓方剂的临床用药特色。[方法]以《王任之医案》《王仲奇医案》作为方剂资料来源,筛选包含茯苓的处方,基于新安医学数据信息应用平台构建数据库,应用IBM SPSS Modeler 14.2,进行频数统计及关联规则分析,以Apriori算法为主要数据挖掘方法,分析并获得含茯苓处方中单味药物频次、治疗疾病频次、药物组合频次、关联规则等。[结果]共筛选含茯苓方剂986首,含茯苓的高频次组合的药物包括佩兰、半夏、苦杏仁、白术、枳壳,常用于治疗脾胃系统的泄泻、痢疾,以及肺系的咳嗽等病证。与茯苓配伍的高频次药物的组合中,支持度≥10%、置信度≥60%的关联规则包括“佩兰→枳壳”“佩兰→半夏”“半夏→枳壳”“佩兰→白豆蔻”等。[结论]新安王氏内科医案中含茯苓处方所治疾病多有痰湿要素,王氏临床论治多从脾、胃、肺三脏入手,喜用芳香药物,多用温药,治痰治气并举,寓燥湿化痰于健脾降肺之中。     

A rare case report of appendix and cecum in the sac of left inguinal hernia (left Amyand's hernia)

This case is a rare aspect of left inguinal hernia. The patient was a 60-years old man with left scrotal mass since childhood. In the operating room, the hernia sac was opened which included cecum and appendix that is called left Amyand‘s hernia. The patient underwent herniorrhaphy with Lichtenstein repair.     

A comparative study of the different diagnostic criteria of gestational diabetes mellitus and its incidence

Background

High prevalence of diabetes and genetic predisposition to metabolic syndrome among Indians places Indian women at risk to develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its complications. Literature defines multiple criteria for GDM. This prospective study compares available diagnostic criteria for GDM in Indian women and their correlation with perinatal morbidity.

Method

Nine hundred and forty-eight consecutive voluntary nondiabetic pregnant women were recruited for the study. Seven hundred and twenty-three of these (mean age 23.45 years; 75.7% < 25 years) who reported for the follow-up were screened for GDM at 24–28 weeks gestation by American College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (ACOG) guidelines and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA_1c) and fasting and two-hours postglucose plasma insulin levels were also analysed. Pregnancy outcome was known for 291 of these. Concordance of risk factors and perinatal complications was analysed with respect to GDM.

Results

Prevalence of GDM at 24–28 weeks gestation was found to be 4.8% by WHO criteria, 6.36% by Carpenter and Coustan's criteria, and 3.5% by O'Sullivan's criteria. Prevalence was marginally higher in women of higher age, having past history of abortion or family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (P > 0.05). None of these women had HbA_1c > 6%. Relative risk of abnormal delivery (pregnancy outcome) was 1.93, 1.39, and 1.17 in women with GDM by O'Sullivan's, WHO, and Carpenter's criteria, respectively (P > 0.05). Abnormal deliveries were marginally higher in women with high postglucose load insulin levels. Mean weight of the newborns was essentially the same in GDM and nonGDM women by any of the criteria. One-hour and two-hours postglucose values were more sensitive in diagnosing GDM by O'Sullivan's criteria while fasting plasma glucose value had the poorest specificity with 2.5% of nonGDM women having values above the cut-off. Modifications of these criteria did not im-prove their predictive value for abnormal delivery over that of O'Sullivan's criteria.

Conclusion

Prevalence of GDM and abnormal delivery in women < 35 years of age is low. Therefore, global screening for GDM may not be very useful in women < 25 years of age unless family history of DM or past history of abortion is present. Existing evidence is inadequate to justify the switchover from O'Sullivan's criteria for diagnosis of GDM.     

A new variant of Carney's triad: phaeochromocytoma and chondrosarcoma

A 61 year old hypertensive woman presented in 1986 with a right scapular chondrosarcoma. She developed type 1 diabetes mellitus in 1991 and suffered a stroke in 1991. Chest radiography showed pulmonary metastases in 1997. Further radiological staging detected a right sided phaeochromocytoma, which was subsequently removed in 1998. Before this, repeated urine estimations of vanillylmandelic acid had been normal. Her diabetes was cured by adrenalectomy. It is believed that the combination of phaeochromocytoma and extrapulmonary chondrosarcoma represents a new variant of Carney's triad.     

Oral care of elderly patients: nurses' knowledge and views

It is important that healthcare professionals caring for the elderly in hospitals have a core knowledge of the orodental care requirements of their patients. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and views of nurses working on acute and rehabilitation care of the elderly wards about orodental care. One hundred nurses and healthcare assistants took part in this questionnaire study of which 58 were qualified nurses and 70 had been employed on care of the elderly wards for two or more years. Although the majority of the respondents were registered with a dentist and attended regularly, 40 did have 'some anxiety' about visiting their dentist. Approximately half of the study population regularly gave advice to their patients about dental care but their knowledge of and reasons for providing oral care and advice was often incorrect. The group's understanding of the availability of dental treatment provided by the National Health Service was also often inaccurate. It was concluded that a better core knowledge of the orodental care of older patients is required by all healthcare professionals who care for this group. It is also important that individuals in whom anxiety is associated with their own dental experience do not neglect to give orodental health advice to their patients.     

Marjolin's ulcer: clinical and pathologic features of 83 cases and review of literature

Background

Marjolin''s ulcer is a rare, aggressive condition that arises on chronic skin lesions and diseases. Inthis article, we will report 83 cases of this disease.

Methods

Retrospectively, we retrieved 83 records of patients with cancer arising from chronic skin conditions.Data concerning demography, type of original skin insult, time interval between original lesion and cancer,cancer histology, and lymph node involvement were recorded.

Results

The mean age was 55.30 years (range: 21-90). There were 51 males (61.5%) and 32 females (38.5%).Foot was the most prevalent site of primary skin lesion (49.4%) followed by scalp (15.6%). Original skin insultswere burn (87.9%), osteomyelitis (2.4%), radiation (2.4%), electrical burn (1.2%), surgical scar (2.4%),pemphigus (1.2%), bite (1.2%), and bed sore (1.2%). Histologic diagnosis were well differentiated SCC(38.6%), SCC, differentiation not reported (24.1%), moderately differentiated SCC (13.2%), BCC (9.6%), poorlydifferentiated SCC (6.0%), melanoma (2.4%), verrucous carcinoma (2.4%), MFH (1.2%), mucoepidermoidcarcinoma (1.2%), and leiomyosarcoma (1.2%). Most of the cases occurred more than 20 years after the initialskin insult. There were 6 (7.2%) cases that developed within 1 year (acute Marjolin''s Ulcer). Forty three patients(69.3%) had palpable regional lymph nodes.

Conclusion

Data in this series were in confirmation with many other reports. Marjoln''s ulcer should be consideredas a significant post-skin injury complication.