鼻咽癌治疗后鼻咽大出血出血部位的判定及治疗

目的 总结分析鼻咽癌治疗后鼻咽大出血的部位、治疗方法及疗效.方法 对16例鼻咽癌治疗后发生鼻咽大出血患者的出血部位及治疗方案、疗效进行回顾性分析.本组中7例患者鼻咽大出血发生在首程治疗,9例为复发再治疗,鼻咽部放疗量为70 ～ 160 Gy.16例患者均有先兆出血症状,发生大出血时间距最后一次放疗1～204个月,中位时间13个月.结果 16例患者的出血部位依次为:8例颈内动脉出血,7例颈外动脉上颌动脉分支出血,1例为咽升动脉分支出血.采用颈内外动脉血管造影10例.本组所有患者开始均采用前后鼻孔堵塞,共有9例患者行气管切开术.采用血管造影术左颈内动脉球囊栓塞1例,颈外动脉上颌支栓塞6例,颈外动脉结扎术1例,前后鼻孔填塞1例.8例颈内动脉破裂出血者7例死亡,1例治愈;7例颈外动脉上颌动脉分支破裂出血和1例咽升动脉分支出血者获临床治愈,随访1～3个月无复发.结论 血管造影术是判断鼻咽癌治疗后鼻咽大出血部位的主要方法,血管内栓塞治疗并结合鼻腔填塞和气管切开是治疗鼻咽大出血的主要措施.鼻咽癌治疗后颈内动脉破裂出血在目前仍是死亡率较高的疾病.     

鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽部出血原因分析及治疗对策探讨

目的探讨鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽部出血的原因及治疗对策。方法回顾性分析2012年1月—2017年12月住院的25例鼻咽癌放疗后导致鼻咽部出血患者的临床资料,治疗方法主要包括鼻咽鼻腔填塞、鼻内镜下鼻咽痂皮及坏死肉芽清创、介入治疗、低温等离子手术止血、鼻内镜下鼻咽肿瘤切除术。结果25例患者中,由鼻咽癌复发引起鼻咽出血8例,其中3例大出血死亡;5例由假性动脉瘤引起,其中3例大出血死亡,2例经介入治疗止血;11例为鼻咽放疗后痂皮及肉芽出血,其中有7例经低温等离子手术成功止血,3例经介入后止血,1例经填塞止血;1例不明原因大出血窒息死亡。结论鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽部出血是致死率高的并发症, 其中以鼻咽癌复发及假性动脉瘤危险性最高。积极检查明确出血原因,采取有针对性的治疗措施,能够有效降低鼻咽癌放疗后出血的死亡率。     

介入治疗鼻咽癌放疗后颈内动脉假性动脉瘤破裂大出血

目的探讨鼻咽癌放疗后颈内动脉假性动脉瘤破裂大出血的救治方法。方法3例鼻咽癌放疗后颈内动脉假性动脉瘤破裂大出血病人,采用数字减影血管造影术检查,明确颈内动脉假性动脉瘤破裂部位,在双侧大脑血管造影明确脑底Willis环交通通畅后,用球囊栓塞颈内动脉破裂处。结果3例均止血成功。1例术后1周后死亡;1例出院后3个月死亡,死因不明;另1例存活至今。结论对脑底Willis环交通通畅者,采用颈内动脉栓塞治疗鼻咽癌放疗后颈内动脉假性动脉瘤破裂大出血止血效果确切。但对于有放射性脑病的病人可能发生严重的并发症。     

鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽出血原因分析

目的:探讨鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽部出血的原因。方法:回顾性分析70例因鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽出血住院患者的出血原因。结果:70例患者中,由鼻咽癌复发引起鼻咽出血24例(34.3%),其中7例因大出血死亡;10例(14.3%)由假性动脉瘤引起,其中3例鼻咽大出血死亡;36例(51.4%)为鼻咽放疗后痂皮及肉芽出血,1例因大出血窒息死亡。结论:鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽部出血是死亡率高的放疗并发症,其中以鼻咽癌复发及假性动脉瘤危险性最高,鼻咽癌放疗后痂皮及肉芽要积极处理。     

鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽大出血45例分析

目的 研究鼻咽癌放疗后发生鼻咽大出血的原因及抢救措施。方法本文收集45例经病理证实的鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽大出血病人，其中复发再治占77，8％，抢救方法主要包括后鼻孔填塞、鼻前野放射和颈外动脉结扎术。结果21例(46，7％)抢救成功，2例急性大出血的尸体解剖结果表明出血是与肿瘤侵蚀颈内动脉有关。鼻咽癌放疗后合并鼻咽大出血者预后凶险。结论后鼻孔填塞、颈外动脉结扎、鼻前野放射止血及血管栓塞术是目前可行的主要止血措施。出血控制后要加强对鼻咽原发灶的治疗才能提高疗效。     

颅底颈内动脉瘤15例临床分析

目的探讨颅底颈内动脉瘤的诊断和临床特点。方法收集山东第一医科大学附属省立医院1995—2017年接受数字减影血管造影(DSA)或CT血管造影(CTA)检查确诊的15例颅底颈内动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行分析。15例患者中男12例,女3例;年龄17~67岁,中位年龄44岁。15例患者中DSA确诊13例,CTA确诊2例;首发症状为鼻出血的假性动脉瘤13例,其中有明确的头面部外伤史8例,颅底肿瘤放疗史5例;头痛伴颅神经障碍的真性动脉瘤2例。15例患者采用栓塞和/或手术修复等治疗,所有患者治疗后随访2~12年,观察患者是否治愈及存活状态。结果 8例外伤史患者中5例行血管栓塞治疗痊愈;2例患者未行血管栓塞,之后因大量鼻出血死亡;1例血管栓塞术后出现进行性脑梗死,之后死亡。5例颅底肿瘤放疗后患者,1例行血管栓塞后脑梗死,之后死亡;2例行血管栓塞后因原发肿瘤复发侵及颅内,于院外死亡;1例行血管栓塞联合手术治疗恢复良好;1例放弃治疗,院外大出血死亡。首诊为头痛的2例患者,1例误行手术致鼻出血后于院外行血管栓塞治疗;1例因个人原因放弃治疗死亡。总计院内死亡4例,院外死亡4例,生存7例。结论颈内动脉瘤是颅底病变中的高危疾病,伴有外伤、放疗史的鼻出血及头痛伴颅神经障碍的患者应考虑颈内动脉瘤可能,需行DSA、CTA检查进行确诊。耳鼻咽喉科医生正确诊断与治疗对患者预后至关重要。     

血管内治疗鼻咽癌放疗后严重鼻出血四例

回顾性分析4例鼻咽癌放疗后鼻部大出血患者的临床特点、治疗方式及转归。患者均于鼻腔使用膨胀海绵或油纱条填塞止血后行血管内治疗,抢救成功3例,死亡1例。鼻咽癌放疗术后应积极行颈部及颅内血管筛查,在对鼻出血的性质、出血部位、侧支循环充分评估后,血管内治疗能够获得安全有效的止血效果。     

颅外-颅内血管搭桥术在鼻咽癌放疗后颈内动脉爆裂治疗中的应用

目的:总结分析颅外-颅内血管搭桥术治疗鼻咽癌患者放疗后颈内动脉爆裂大出血的效果.方法:回顾性分析9例鼻咽癌放疗后出现颈内动脉爆裂并接受颅外-颅内血管搭桥手术患者的临床资料.分析颅外-颅内血管搭桥术围手术期卒中和死亡率、生存时间、总体生存率及再出血率.结果:9例鼻咽癌放疗后患者平均年龄53.5岁,病理类型均为非角化性鳞状...     

头颈部恶性肿瘤治疗后大出血成功救治体会

目的 探讨不同头颈部恶性肿瘤治疗后大出血有效的急救方法 .方法 对18例成功抢救的不同头颈部恶性肿瘤手术和(或)放射治疗后大出血的病例进行回顾性分析.9例鼻咽部大出血病例中,1例大出血引起窒息进行紧急手术抢救,6例颌内动脉破裂行数字减影血管造影术(DSA)栓塞颌内动脉止血,2例鼻咽部溃疡者行溃疡切除,采用帽状腱膜鼻咽缺损修复止血.9例颈部大出血中,皆先行指压暂时止血,或立即在床旁用三角针、7号或10号丝线经皮行颈动脉破裂口上下结扎,再到手术室行规范的手术.结果 1例由鼻咽癌放疗后引起的颅底颈内动脉破裂出血行颈总动脉结扎术;6例鼻咽大出血病例行CT和DSA检查证实颌内动脉破裂引起,行DSA介入栓塞颌内动脉止血成功;2例鼻咽部深部溃疡出血帽状腱膜修复缺损止血成功.3例鼻咽癌、3例喉癌和1例下咽癌颈动脉破裂口结扎止血后,颈部溃疡用胸大肌皮瓣修复6例,下斜方肌修复1例.6例肌皮瓣修复成功,1例喉癌修复颈部创而的胸大肌肌皮瓣部分坏死,颈动脉再次破裂出血后成功止血.1例甲状腺癌多次手术放疗后无法修复缺损创面;1例颈部淋巴瘤全身状况极差,未修复缺损创面.所有患者出血抢救后无偏瘫,1例鼻咽癌放疗后出血行颈总动脉结扎术后部分脑梗死,6个月后死于肺部感染;2例鼻咽癌出血抢救成功后在11个月后死于局部复发;其余病例在12～36个月内死于再复发(7例)、远处转移或(和)全身衰竭(8例).结论 针对不同头颈部恶性肿瘤治疗后大出血时的具体情况选择不同的治疗方法 ,DSA介入栓塞治疗和指压止血经皮颈动脉结扎分别是鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽大出血和颈动脉破裂出血救治的有效方法 .     

鼻咽癌放疗后鼻窦炎的特点及处理

目的探讨鼻咽癌放疗后鼻窦炎的特点及处理方法。方法回顾分析2000年1月-2003年12月29例鼻咽癌放疗后鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜手术治疗情况和随访结果。结果随访6个月-36个月。治愈12例,好转17例。术中无大出血等并发症,术后并发症主要为鼻腔粘连。结论鼻内镜手术治疗鼻咽癌放疗后鼻窦炎可以获得良好的疗效,有利于提高鼻咽癌患者放疗后的生活质量。     

创伤性迟发性鼻出血与假性动脉瘤关系的临床研究

目的 探讨创伤性迟发性鼻出血的诊断和治疗方法,并提出创伤性颌面部中小动脉假性动脉瘤性鼻出血的概念.方法 回顾性总结、分析了1990年3月-2005年3月期间山东省立医院耳鼻咽喉科收治的表现为创伤性迟发性鼻出血并接受数字减影血管造影检查和治疗的53例患者的有关资料.结果 该53例患者中,颈内动脉假性动脉瘤8例,其中7例行血管栓塞治疗,6例痊愈,1例死亡;另1例未行栓塞,在行建立侧支循环功能训练时出血死亡;颈内动脉海绵窦瘘20例,均使用可脱性球囊栓塞成功;颌面部中小动脉出血25例,21例为上颌动脉和或面动脉分支出血,使用明胶海绵颗粒结合弹簧圈行血管栓塞治疗,4例筛前动脉出血者行筛前动脉结扎术.随访6～72个月,中位随访时间为5年.除1例上颌动脉栓塞者再次鼻出血外,其余患者随访期间均未再出血,未发生严重并发症.结论 颈内动脉假性动脉瘤、颈内动脉海绵窦瘘、颌面部中小动脉假性动脉瘤性鼻出血是导致创伤性迟发性鼻出血主要原因,采用数字减影血管造影技术明确诊断并进行血管内栓塞或动脉结扎是治疗该类疾病的有效办法.     

Nontraumatic and postirradiated intracavernous carotid hemorrhage: an unusual case of epistaxis and review of the literature

Intracavernous carotid hemorrhage is a rare cause of epistaxis. We present a case of epistaxis caused by postradiotherapy and nontraumatic cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) hemorrhage. An 80-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a one week history of recurrent left-sided epistaxis and a past history of radiotherapy after radical maxillectomy. Emergent angiography revealed a leak in the cavernous segment of the ICA and subsequent detachable balloon occlusion embolization of the left internal carotid artery was performed without sequelae. We conclude that carotid artery hemorrhage must be considered in the differential diagnosis of profuse and recurrent epistaxis, especially for patients after craniofacial radiotherapy. ICA embolization is the definitive treatment provided cross circulation is adequate.     

Massive posterior epistaxis. A manifestation of internal carotid injury at the skull base

Severe crushing head injuries can produce massive posterior epistaxis as a result of injury to the internal carotid artery at the skull base. We describe two such cases with traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid therapy. They were managed with detachable balloon embolization. The anatomy of the internal carotid artery is reviewed. The diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms and their incidence, clinical presentation, and management are discussed.     

A case of bilateral nontraumatic internal carotid aneurysms presenting with recurrent massive epistaxis]

A case of bilateral nontraumatic internal carotid aneurysms presenting with recurrent massive epistaxis was reported. A 37-year-old female complaining of massive epistaxis from the left nostril was admitted to our hospital. After admission, she experienced recurrent massive epistaxis, but had no cranial nerve palsies. Carotid angiography demonstrated an aneurysm of the cavernous portion of the left internal carotid artery partially protruding into the sphenoid sinus. Neck clipping of the aneurysm was unsuccessful, therefore the left internal carotid ligation in the neck was performed with a Selverstone clamp. After the ligation, no rebleeding and neurological deficits occurred. Postoperative carotid angiography showed an aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery at the same site. The carotid angiography of 3 months later and 1 year and 3 months later revealed that the left aneurysm decreased in size and the right one remained unchanged. Twenty-one cases including ours that presented nontraumatic internal carotid aneurysm of the cavernous portion were reviewed. Twelve cases had no cranial nerve palsies, and 7 cases including ours had no other symptoms than massive epistaxis. Because massiveness of epistaxis from an internal carotid aneurysm often threatens one's life, diagnosis should be made by carotid angiography as soon as possible. There are several surgical procedures for such aneurysms. Clipping is the ideal method which can interrupt the blood flow to the aneurysm completely, but it is very difficult to be performed anatomically. Carotid ligation in the neck with little surgical invasion was an excellent method in 7 cases without rebleeding and neurological deficits. Bilateral intracavernous internal carotid aneurysms were found in our case and another case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦段损伤的诊断及血管内治疗

目的总结8例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦段损伤的诊断及血管内治疗,并分析其发病机制。方法对8例头颅外伤史伴有眼部症状或鼻出血症状,考虑颈内动脉海绵窦段损伤的患者采用Seldinger技术股动脉插管造影诊断和介入栓塞治疗。结果数字减影血管造影（digtal subtraction angiography,DSA）成像诊断颈内动脉海绵窦瘘（carotid cavernous sinus fistula,CCF）6例,颈内动脉海绵窦段假性动脉瘤2例,均成功的行介入栓塞治疗,未出现明显的并发症,无1例患者死亡。结论对有头颅外伤史伴有眼部症状或鼻出血症状的应及早行DSA造影以明确诊断。介入栓塞技术为外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦段损伤的治疗中首选的方法。     

Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the intracavernous ICA presenting with massive epistaxis: Imaging diagnosis and endovascular treatment

Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the intracavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) is a very rare cause of epistaxis but is a life-threatening clinical situation when left untreated. The authors have experienced four cases of traumatic pseudoaneurysm involving the intracavernous ICA. Delayed massive epistaxes developed 1 to 8 months after trauma and initial transient epistaxis in all four patients. Three of the cases were successfully managed by the detachable balloon occlusion (DBO) of the ICA along with the aneurysm openings. In one case, a large pseudoaneurysm destroying a large area of the central skull base with peripheral blood clot was demonstrated on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography; this patient died due to massive epistaxis before the trial of DBO. Imaging findings of pseudoaneurysms involving the intracavernous ICA in the four cases are described, and the role of endovascular treatment is discussed.