Fabry病及其酶替代疗法

Fabry病是X性连锁隐性遗传性疾病，又称α-半乳糖苷酶缺乏症，是由于先天性α-半乳糖苷酶A缺乏所致，属于溶酶体贮积病的一种。1898年由Anderson和Johann Fabry各报告1例故名AndersonFabry病，简称Fabry病。Fabry病特征性临床表现为弥漫性皮肤血管角质瘤和发作性肢体疼痛，本病后期常出现。肾脏、心脏和脑血管等器官的进行性损害。Fabry病近年之所以引起人们的关注，     

α-半乳糖苷酶A缺乏病与青年缺血性卒中的研究进展

<正>α-半乳糖苷酶A缺乏病(α-GalA,以下简称Fabry病)又称Anderson-Fabry病、法布里病,是一种十分罕见的X染色体连锁隐性遗传性疾病。其发病机制是由于Xq22上的基因突变或缺失,引起其编码产物α-半乳糖苷酶部分或全部缺乏,导致其代谢底物三聚己糖神经酰胺(globotriao sylceramide,Gb3)不能降解,在肾脏、心脏、血管     

Fabry病1例报道并文献复习

正Fabry病又称Anderson-Fabry综合征,1898年皮肤科医生Anderson和Johann Fabry各首先报告1例,故名Anderson-Fabry disease,简称Fabry病,是一种X染色体连锁遗传的α-半乳糖苷酶缺乏性疾病~[1]。该病临床罕见,容易漏诊,本文报告1例,并结合文献复习如下。患者男性,40岁,因"体检发现尿异常10年,乏力伴手指末端疼痛1年"入院。患者于10余年前体检发现蛋白尿、血尿,曾在多家医院门诊治疗,并自     

肥厚型心肌病样临床表现的Fabry病家系研究

目的对一个临床表现酷似肥厚型心肌病的Fabry病家系进行α-半乳糖苷酶（α-GalA）基因测序并发现其突变形式。方法该家系成员共15例,经过询问病史、体格检查、心电图及超声心动图检查,抽取外周静脉血标本,提取白细胞基因组DNA,PCR分段扩增α-GalA基因的7个外显子序列,产物纯化后直接测序,分析筛查基因的突变位点。结果家系中有9例发生α-GalA基因新的错义突变,突变位点位于α-GalA基因第5外显子的第32号密码子,均由TGG变为TGA,TGA为终止密码子,故可引起TGG正常编码的色氨酸残基编码中断。其中6例女性为带有突变基因的杂合子,3例男性为带有突变基因的半合子。9例患者中6例患有心肌肥厚。家系中正常人无此类突变。结论对心肌肥厚患者应与Fabry病进行鉴别诊断。α-GalA基因突变检测可用于Fabry病患者及其亲属,以明确诊断和进行病因学治疗。     

一例Fabry病患者α-半乳糖苷酶基因突变和酶活性分析

目的 分析1例临床诊断的15岁典型Fabry病男性患者的临床表现、α-半乳糖苷酶A(α-GalA)基因(GLA)突变位点及其活性,并对无临床表现的患者母亲进行了相应的对照分析.方法 收集该例患者的临床资料,提取患者及其母亲、1名健康对照者的外周血基因组DNA,PCR分段扩增GLA基因的7个外显子,产物纯化后克隆入T载体进行DNA测序,检测是否存在突变位点,进一步应用荧光底物法榆测α-Gala的活性.结果 基因检测证实患者GLA基凶第7号外显子发生一个错义突变,即10036-10038位的AAG缺失(10036-10038delAAG),导致其编码的第374位的赖氨酸和第375位甘氨酸突变成精氨酸,该突变位点经国内外文献检索未见报道.该患者为带有突变基因的半合子,母亲为携带突变基因的杂合子,健康对照者未发现突变.α-GalA酶活性检测结果显示,携带该突变位点GLA基因的患者,其α-GalA酶活性只有健康对照者的50%左右,患者母亲的α-GalA酶活性为健康对照者的70%左右.结论 对临床疑似的Fabry病患者及其亲属,进行GLA基冈突变检测,结合α-GalA酶活性检测,有助于早期筛选出家系中的其他患者,能更加深入地了解Fabry病的分子发病机制.     

Fabry心肌病的诊断与治疗进展

法布里病（Fabry）是一种罕见的X染色体连锁遗传性疾病, 由于a-半乳糖苷酶A( alphagalactosidase A, GLA, 一种溶酶体酶)基因发生突变或缺失,引起体内GLA部分或全部缺乏,造成其代谢底物三己糖酰基鞘脂醇( globotriaosylceramide, Gb3)在人体各器官、组织蓄积,引起多个系统损害,其中心血管系统受累常见,主要表现为心肌肥厚、瓣膜损害、收缩/舒张功能减低,心律失常等,这些病变与患者心力衰竭、心源性猝死等密切相关。为了提高临床医生对Fabry病患者心脏受累表现的认识和诊治,本文将对Fabry 心肌病诊断与治疗的新进展作一综述。     

055 4例Fabry's病的微栓子检测:早期脑血管病的主要微血管病变病因研究

Fabry’s病是性连锁隐性遗传病，基因缺失位于Xq22，可导致d-半乳糖苷酶A不足并致全身性细胞溶酶体内糖鞘脂积聚，常见于血管的内皮和平滑肌细胞、心脏、肾脏、皮肤和中枢神经系统。许多患者发生大脑血管扩张性动脉病，并可引起心脏病，后者又增加心源性栓塞卒中的危险。     

法布雷病1例并家系分析

患者(先证者)男, 46岁。因泡沫尿20年, 血液透析12年, GLA基因突变3个月入南京医科大学附属泰州人民医院肾内科, 诊断法布雷病, 慢性肾脏病5期, 血液透析状态。随后进行家系筛查, 确诊11例法布雷病, 男性3例, 女性8例, 均为α-半乳糖苷酶基因第6外显子c.902G>A[p.Arg301Gln]突变。患病成员的临床症状及疾病严重程度存在显著的异质性, 其中3例患者进行酶替代治疗(阿加糖酶β每2周静脉滴注1 mg/kg)及随访。通过分析该家系基因突变位点的特点及临床表现异质性的原因, 以提高临床医生对法布雷病筛查、诊断及治疗的认识水平。     

Fabry心肌病的研究进展

Fabry病是一种因GLA基因突变导致的X染色体连锁遗传性溶酶体贮积病,水解酶α半乳糖苷酶完全或部分缺乏活性,导致体内鞘糖脂无法正常降解而贮积在各种组织。心脏受累常见,称为Fabry心肌病。心脏受累是患者死亡的主要原因之一,受损部位包括心肌、传导系统、瓣膜及冠状动脉。本文就Fabry心肌病遗传机制、临床表现、诊断与治疗的新进展作一综述。     

基因型相同而表现型不同的Fabry病一家系报道△

目的报道一个具有相同α-半乳糖苷酶A突变基因型而临床表现型不同的家系。方法使用二代测序对一个具有多种心律失常的患者进行筛查寻找基因突变,并对家属进一步验证确认。结果该家系中,先证者经历一次心源性休克,且出现多种心律失常,包括室性心动过速、短PR综合征、心房扑动、心房颤动、窦性心动过缓。家族中有1例患者表现为类似的短PR综合征,余患者均有不同的临床表现。DNA测序显示,该家系所有患者皆有α-半乳糖苷酶A错义突变(G43D)。该基因突变既往描述将导致法布里病。结论 GLA基因突变可导致多种临床表型,即使在同一家系相同基因型的条件下,其临床表现的个体差异仍较大。     

Fabry disease,an under-recognized multisystemic disorder: expert recommendations for diagnosis,management, and enzyme replacement therapy

Fabry disease (alpha-galactosidase A deficiency) is an X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disorder. Although the disease presents in childhood and culminates in cardiac, cerebrovascular, and end-stage renal disease, diagnosis is often delayed or missed. This paper reviews the key signs and symptoms of Fabry disease and provides expert recommendations for diagnosis, follow-up, medical management, and the use of enzyme replacement therapy. Recommendations are based on reviews of the literature on Fabry disease, results of recent clinical trials, and expertise of the authors, all of whom have extensive clinical experience with Fabry disease and lysosomal storage disorders and represent subspecialties involved in treatment. All males and female carriers affected with Fabry disease should be followed closely, regardless of symptoms or treatment status. Clinical trials have shown that recombinant human alpha-galactosidase A replacement therapy--the only disease-specific therapy currently available for Fabry disease--is safe and can reverse substrate storage in the lysosome, the pathophysiologic basis of the disease. Enzyme replacement therapy in all males with Fabry disease (including those with end-stage renal disease) and female carriers with substantial disease manifestations should be initiated as early as possible. Additional experience is needed before more specific recommendations can be made on optimal dosing regimens for reversal; maintenance; and prevention of disease manifestations in affected males, symptomatic carrier females, children, and patients with compromised renal function.     

Tissue Doppler imaging in Fabry disease

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The development of effective enzyme replacement/enhancement therapy makes of clinical relevance considering Fabry disease in the differential diagnosis of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In particular the opportunity to significantly modify the clinical progression of the disease has reinforced the need for early diagnosis of Fabry cardiomyopathy. RECENT FINDINGS: The study with tissue Doppler of Fabry patients with endomyocardial biopsy-proven cardiac involvement showed a reduction of both diastolic and systolic myocardial velocities recorded at septal and lateral corners of mitral annulus. Tissue Doppler abnormalities were present not only in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy but also in younger patients with normal cardiac wall thickness and represent the first sign of myocardial damage. Furthermore tissue Doppler studies have been shown useful in detecting cardiac involvement in female carriers with no systemic manifestations of Fabry disease. In patients already submitted to enzyme-replacement therapy tissue Doppler and strain rate imaging represent useful noninvasive tools in assessing treatment efficacy. SUMMARY: Tissue Doppler imaging can provide early detection of cardiac involvement in Fabry disease and represents the most accurate and sensitive noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction and for the assessment of cardiac improvement during enzyme replacement therapy. The detection of tissue Doppler abnormalities in female carriers may represent a hint for an invasive assessment of cardiac involvement.     

Cardiac Involvement in Fabry Disease and the Role of Multimodality Imaging in Diagnosis and Disease Monitoring

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare, progressive, X-linked inherited disorder of glycosphingolipid metabolism. It is a monogenic disease due to α-galactosidase A (α-GAL) enzyme deficiency, leading to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (GL3) within lysosomes beginning in utero. Multiple systems are involved, most notably the vascular, renal, cardiac, and nervous systems. Early clinical manifestations include neuropathic pain, angiokeratomas, anhidrosis, cornea verticillata, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In the later stages, FD manifests with transient ischemic attacks, strokes, hearing loss, and life-threatening complications involving the kidneys and heart. Cardiac involvement in Fabry disease is typically characterized by increased left ventricular wall thickness/mass, functional abnormalities, valvular heart disease, arrhythmias, and heart failure. The life expectancy of the patient with untreated Fabry disease falls significantly once cardiac or renal manifestations develop. This review will focus on the cardiac manifestations of FD and the role of multimodality imaging in diagnosis and follow-up.     

中国法布雷病诊疗专家共识(2021年版)

法布雷病是一种罕见的X连锁遗传溶酶体贮积症,是由于GLA基因突变导致α半乳糖苷酶A(α-Gal A)活性降低或完全缺乏,造成代谢底物三己糖酰基鞘脂醇(GL-3)及其衍生物脱乙酰基GL-3(Lyso-GL-3)在多脏器贮积,引起多脏器病变甚至引发危及生命的并发症。由于法布雷病缺乏特异性症状,因此需结合临床表现、酶活性、生物标志物及基因检测等结果协助临床早期诊断。随着阿加糖酶β和阿加糖酶α在我国获批上市,将为我国法布雷病患者带来特异性治疗的福音。本共识以循证医学为基础,对法布雷病的临床表现、诊断方法和流程、治疗、筛查、遗传咨询与产前诊断等方面进行阐述,为推动法布雷病的规范化诊疗提供依据。     

Non-specific gastrointestinal features: Could it be Fabry disease?

Non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms, including pain, diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting, can be the first symptoms of Fabry disease. They may suggest more common disorders, e.g. irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease. The confounding clinical presentation and rarity of Fabry disease often cause long diagnostic delays and multiple misdiagnoses. Therefore, specialists involved in the clinical evaluation of non-specific upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms should recognize Fabry disease as a possible cause of the symptoms, and should consider Fabry disease as a possible differential diagnosis. When symptoms or family history suggest Fabry disease, in men, low alpha-galactosidase A enzyme levels, and in women, specific Fabry mutations confirm the diagnosis. In addition to symptomatic treatments, disease-specific enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human alpha-galactosidase A enzyme or chaperone therapy (migalastat) in patients with amenable mutations can improve the disease, including gastrointestinal symptoms, and should be initiated as early as possible after Fabry disease has been confirmed; starting enzyme replacement therapy at as young an age as possible after diagnosis improves long-term clinical outcomes. Improved diagnostic tools, such as a modified gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, may facilitate diagnosing Fabry disease in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms of unknown cause and thus assure timely initiation of disease-specific treatment.     

Proposed high-risk screening protocol for Fabry disease in patients with renal and vascular disease

Summary  Fabry disease is a complex, multisystemic and clinically heterogeneous disease with prominent urinary excretion of globotriaosylceramide (Gb₃), the principal substrate of the deficient enzyme, α-galactosidase A. Some measure of specific treatment is possible with enzyme replacement therapy, which can be applied safely and effectively to Fabry patients. Incidence estimations of Fabry disease vary widely from 1:55 000 to 1:3000 male births. The true incidence is likely to be higher than originally thought, owing to the existence of milder variants of the disease. The main complications of Fabry disease are a 100-fold increased risk of ischaemic stroke, cardiac disease, a wide variety of arrhythmias, valvular dysfunction and cardiac vascular disease, as well as progressive renal failure usually associated with significant proteinuria. These clinical manifestations are non-specific and are often mistaken for symptoms of other disorders, thus complicating the confirmation of diagnosis. Other clinical features of the disease are often absent (angiokeratoma), subtle (corneal opacities and hypohidrosis), or unaccompanied by specific physical findings (acroparaesthesias) indicating the true nature of the underlying disease. We propose the hypothesis that α-galactosidase A deficiency is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor in the general population. This hypothesis may be tested by a non-invasive high-risk screening protocol for Fabry patients with ischaemic strokes and a variety of cardiac, and renal complications. These patients would benefit from diagnosis, appropriate treatment, follow-up and surveillance. Early detection of Fabry patients would also benefit affected relatives, many of whom do not have a clear diagnosis of their clinical condition. Competing interests: None declared References to electronic databases: Fabry disease: OMIM 301500. Alpha-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) (EC 3.2.1.22).     

Fabry disease in Italy: first epidemiologic and collaborative study

The authors sought to define the prevalence of Fabry disease and to establish the incidence and its natural history in Italy. The aim of this study was to point out the first clinical signs and symptoms to perform an early diagnosis and hence to start a specific therapeutic treatment. Fabry disease is an inborn error of metabolism caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. Fabry disease is a severe X-linked disorder presenting with a higher morbidity between the third and the fourth decade of life. Fabry disease may be confused with other diseases or completely misdiagnosed: its frequency is estimated worldwide to be 1:117000. In Italy, 65 patients have been identified by several specialized institutions; age, sex, onset of first clinical signs and symptoms were analyzed and reported. In conclusion, this is the first Italian collaborative study that allows to delineate and point out the clinical signs of Fabry disease to perform a correct and early diagnosis. Enzyme replacement therapy is now available and its early beginning can prevent renal and cardiac failure, improve the quality of life and life expectancy in these patients.     

Fabry disease. Clinical and genetic aspects. Therapeutic perspectives

INTRODUCTION: This review presents the clinical and genetic aspects of Fabry disease, along with recent advances in research. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS: Fabry disease is an X-linked inborn error of metabolism due to a deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. The enzymatic defect leads to the systemic accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids in plasma and tissues. Clinical manifestations in affected hemizygous males are primarily due to progressive disease of small vessels, including angiokeratoma, autonomic dysfunction, and lifelong debilitating pain. Renal failure and vasculopathy of the heart and brain lead to early demise in adulthood. Demonstration of alpha-galactosidase A deficiency in leukocytes or plasma is the definitive method for the diagnosis of affected hemizygous males. Most female carriers are clinically symptomatic, they may present isolated acroparesthesia, cardiac symptoms, or the characteristic benign corneal dystrophy. Due to random X-chromosomal inactivation, enzymatic detection of carriers is often inconclusive. A reliable molecular test for detection of heterozygosity is therefore highly desirable for accurate genetic counselling. The GLA gene has been mapped to chromosome Xq22, and cloned. Several studies have shown the molecular heterogeneity of the disease. Currently, no standard treatment exists for Fabry disease. Symptomatic treatment is provided as appropriate. In addition, renal transplantation or dialysis is available for patients experiencing end-stage renal failure. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS: The ability to produce high doses of recombinant alpha-galactosidase A in vitro has opened the way to preclinical studies in the mouse model and led to the development of the first clinical trials with enzyme replacement therapy in patients with Fabry disease.     

Fabry disease: focus on cardiac manifestations and molecular mechanisms

PATHOGENESIS: Fabry disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. The enzyme deficiency results in accumulation of glycosphingolipids in the lysosomes n nearly all cell types and tissues leading to a multisystem disease. MANIFESTATIONS include painful crisis, angiokeratomas, corneal dystrophy, and hypohydrosis. The severe renal, cerebrovascular, and cardiac involvement is predominantly responsible for premature mortality in Fabry patients. The disease is X-linked and manifests primarily in hemizygous males but also heterozygous females can be affected. CARDIAC INVOLVEMENT is frequent in Fabry disease. Patients develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and valvular abnormalities. Although Fabry disease leads to a complex clinical syndrome, there are studies indicating that manifestations can be limited to the heart. The isolated cardiac variant of Fabry disease seems to be more common than previously thought: around 3-6% of male patients with left ventricular hypertrophy seem to suffer from this disease variant. ENZYME REPLACEMENT THERAPY: Recent advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering have enabled the development of enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease. Results from two independent therapy studies are indeed promising: Infusion of the enzyme preparation seems to be well tolerated and effective in catabolizing the lipid deposits. This enzyme replacement therapy could be one of the first examples for causal treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, early diagnosis of hypertrophy patients with the cardiac variant of Fabry disease is important.     

Atypical symptoms of Fabry's disease: sudden bilateral deafness,lymphoedema and Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome

A 40-year-old man with Fabry disease, confirmed by decreased leukocyte alpha-galactosidase A activity in 2001, complained of sudden bilateral deafness, as evidenced by clinical history and audiometry. Magnetic resonance of the brain revealed features typical of Fabry disease. Other clinical manifestations of the disease included: angiokeratoma, mild proteinuria with normal renal function, lymphoedema of the lower limbs, pre-excitation syndrome, myocardial hypertrophy.