噬血细胞综合征1例报道

噬血细胞综合征（HLH）是一种遗传或获得性的免疫缺陷性疾病,易引起无法控制的炎症而危及生命。HLH主要症状是发热、肝脾大及血细胞减少,生化检查可以有甘油三酯及铁蛋白升高,还有高水平的IL-2表达和低纤维蛋白原血症,     

新鲜冰冻血浆在肝炎肝硬化的应用评价

目的　探讨新鲜冰冻血浆在病毒性肝炎后肝硬化活动期患者的扶助治疗作用。方法　在96例病毒性肝炎后肝硬化活动期患者中随机选择48例采用输注新鲜冰冻血浆协同治疗，观察症状、体征及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)恢复情况。结果　应用新鲜冰冻血浆组总有效率98％，明显优于对照组。结论　新鲜冰冻血浆能明显协助提高病毒性肝炎后肝硬化活动期患者的临床治愈率。     

成人EBV感染相关性噬血细胞综合征并发前臂软组织黄曲霉菌感染一例

<正>噬血细胞综合征(hemophagocytic syndrome,HPS)又称噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症(hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,HLH),是免疫介导、临床表现复杂、疾病进展迅速及病死率高的疾病。EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)感染相关性噬血细胞综合征并发前臂软组织黄曲霉菌感染的病例相对少见,我院曾救治1例,现结合文献复习报道如下：     

噬血细胞综合征的诊治进展

噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH),又称嗜血细胞综合征(HPS),是一种病理性免疫激活引起过度炎症反应的临床综合征,目前可分为原发性和继发性两大类。原发性HLH已证实是以基因型突变作为基础,HLH的继发性因素包括感染、肿瘤、自身免疫系统疾病等。基于大样本研究结果,HLH的分子诊断学虽取得了一定的进展,儿童和成人HLH表现仍有一定的差异性,有时截然划分原发性与继发性HLH仍较为困难。最近几年,研究发现由嵌合抗原受体T细胞免疫疗法(CAR-T)治疗引发细胞因子风暴综合征,其临床特点和HLH相关,被命名为合成性噬血细胞综合征(Synthetic HLH);同时NK/T细胞相关HLH的关注度也逐渐增加。针对HLH的治疗除了HLH-94,HLH-2004经典的治疗方案以及异基因造血干细胞移植(HSCT),免疫球蛋白治疗HLH也取得了一定进展。本文结合第57届美国血液协会(ASH)年会和近两年国内外研究,对噬血细胞综合征的病理生理机制特点,儿童及成人HLH特有表现,尤其是HLH治疗进展进行综述     

以细胞因子谱指导噬血细胞综合征的精准诊治

噬血细胞综合征(HPS)或噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH)是一组由各种原因导致T淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞过度增殖活化引起全身高炎症反应的临床综合征。细胞因子风暴是该病的关键环节。由于病因复杂、疾病严重程度差异大、临床表现非特异性等原因, 该病的早期诊断和规范化治疗较为困难。细胞因子在HLH的早期快速诊断、与其他细胞因子风暴相关疾病的鉴别、亚型判别、分层治疗、疗效和预后判断等方面均具有重要意义。本文就HLH相关细胞因子谱类型及其在与各类发热性疾病的鉴别诊断、HLH的分层治疗和治疗过程监测中的应用等方面进行阐述, 以进一步提高HLH的精准诊治水平。     

以UNC13D基因突变所致的家族性噬血细胞综合征伴EB病毒感染一例

噬血细胞综合征(HLH)是一类过度炎症反应综合征,临床表现错综复杂,病情进展快且致死率较高,误诊漏诊率较高,故临床诊断、治疗十分重要。本文报道1例以UNC13D基因突变所致的家族性噬血细胞综合征伴EB病毒感染患者的发病情况、诊疗经过,并复习相关文献,为临床诊断、治疗提供参考。     

新鲜冰冻血浆、普通冰冻血浆与去冷沉淀血浆部分有效成分的对比

目的了解新鲜冰冻血浆、普通冰冻血浆与去冷沉淀血浆中部分有效成分的实际含量,为临床选择不同血浆输注提供实验室依据。方法采集23袋（200 m l袋/）ACD-B血液保存液保存的血液,4 h内分离制备新鲜冰冻血浆,各袋均留2份标本;1份同新鲜冰冻一起置-35℃保存,于第3天速融后检测总蛋白、白蛋白、纤维蛋白原、凝血因子Ⅴ、Ⅷ、Ⅹ含量;1份置4℃保存21 d后检测总蛋白、白蛋白、纤维蛋白原、凝血因子Ⅴ、Ⅷ、Ⅹ含量;新鲜冰冻血浆于第3天取出制备冷沉淀,留取去冷沉淀血浆标本1份检测总蛋白、白蛋白、纤维蛋白原、凝血因子Ⅴ、Ⅷ、Ⅹ含量。结果去冷沉淀血浆中的血浆蛋白和凝血因子含量均低于普通冰冻血浆与新鲜冰冻血浆（P〈0.001）,普通冰冻血浆与新鲜冰冻血浆中的血浆蛋白无差别（P〉0.001）,普通冰冻血浆中的凝血因子含量低于新鲜冰冻血浆（P〈0.001）。结论新鲜冰冻血浆、普通冰冻血浆与去冷沉淀血浆有效成分各不相同,在临床上不能等同使用。     

系统性红斑狼疮继发噬血细胞综合征1例

<正>系统性红斑狼疮(Systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE)是一种累及多系统和脏器的自身免疫性疾病，在疾病发展过程中，免疫复合物的沉积及自身抗体的激活也可能介导噬血现象。噬血细胞综合征(Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, HLH)是一种不受控制的免疫激活综合征，不及时治疗会危及生命。在早期，HLH与SLE某些临床特征相似，但HLH的病程进展迅速，死亡率较高。     

成人噬血细胞淋巴组织增生症30例临床分析

目的：探讨噬血细胞淋巴组织增生症（HLH）的病因及临床特点，提高对HLH的认识。方法：回顾性分析30例噬血细胞淋巴组织增生症患者的临床资料。结果：符合Imashuku继发性HLH修订标准的27例患者中，病因不明HLH8例，占30％，其中6例病情危重。肿瘤相关HLH10例，占37％，其中5例T／NK细胞淋巴瘤4例死亡。各种感染（包括曲霉菌、伤寒杆菌、EB病毒等）相关HLH5例，占19％，1例EB病毒感染者死亡。自身免疫性疾病相关HLH4例，占14％，免疫抑制治疗效果佳。噬血细胞占骨髓有核细胞〈2％组与≥2％组在病因构成、血小板数量等方面无显著差异。结论：成人HLH多为继发性，应尽可能明确病因，采取针对性治疗。危重患者宜尽早采用免疫化疗或尝试异基因造血干细胞移植。噬血细胞占骨髓有核细胞比例的高低不影响HLH的诊断。     

噬血细胞综合征研究进展

噬血细胞综合征(HPS)又称噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH),分为原发性HLH和继发性HLH两大类。HLH临床表现多样,其诊断需符合HLH诊断标准。治疗首选依托泊苷、地塞米松和环孢素A。本文总结近年来HLH病因、发病机制、诊断及治疗等方面的研究进展。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.