小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞不同分离方法的比较

[摘要]　目的　比较不同方法分离的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的生物学特性并找出最优方法。　方法　采用3种方法分离小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞：5%淀粉肉汤小鼠腹腔注射3 d后灌洗（5%淀粉肉汤组）;直接DMEM液腹腔灌洗（无血清DMEM组）;含75%血清DMEM液腹腔注射30 min后灌洗（75%血清DMEM组）,每组6只小鼠。观察各组巨噬细胞形态、计数细胞数量、流式细胞仪测细胞纯度、台盼蓝染色测细胞存活率、划痕实验测迁移能力及ELISA检测脂多糖（LPS）刺激后巨噬细胞分泌TNFα、IL-6及IL-1β的水平。　结果　3组巨噬细胞的形态、纯度、存活率相似,75%血清DMEM组巨噬细胞数量为（80.47±0.82）×105个,明显多于5%淀粉肉汤组（5.64±0.31）×105个及无血清DMEM组（2.63±0.42）×105个（P<0.05）;75%血清DMEM组巨噬细胞迁移能力明显高于其他两组（P<0.05）;75%血清DMEM组巨噬细胞分泌TNFα(15.51±0.51)ng/mL、IL-6(415.33±1.55)pg/mL、IL-1β(421.01±2.64)pg/mL,均多于5%淀粉肉汤组TNFα(10.50±0.50)ng/mL、IL-6(386.33±1.52)pg/mL、IL-1β(375.33±2.51)pg/mL（P<0.05）,也多于无血清DMEM组TNFα(9.56±0.25)ng/mL、IL-6(384.66±1.15)pg/mL、IL-1β(393.34±2.62)pg/mL（P<0.05）。　结论　75%血清DMEM液腹腔注射30 min后灌洗是一个比较好的分离小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的方法。     

血清CA125、TNF-α及SIL-2R对化疗后卵巢癌患者预后预测价值研究

目的：探讨血清CA125、TNF-α及SIL-2R水平预测化疗后卵巢癌患者预后的价值。方法：接受辅助化疗的卵巢癌患者48例为观察组,以同期健康体检妇女41例为对照组,观察组予以紫杉醇+铂类药物行常规化疗。对照组入组后、观察组化疗前及化疗2个疗程后检测血清CA125、TNF-α及SIL-2R水平。根据随访结局将观察组患者分为预后不良组和预后良好组,比较各组治疗前后CA125、TNF-α及SIL-2R水平,采用ROC曲线法分析各指标的预测效能。结果：观察组治疗前CA125、TNF-α及SIL-2R分别为273.08±48.19 U/mL,2.26±0.51 U/mL和453.06±80.74 ng/mL,高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后CA125、TNF-α及SIL-2R较治疗前下降,分别为93.51±29.14 U/mL,0.87±0.23 U/mL和294.56±75.81 ng/mL,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。预后不良组治疗前CA125、TNF-α及SIL-2R水平分别为302.18±60.04 U/mL,2.41±0.66 U/mL和472.09±102.13 ng/mL,高于预后良好组的248.03±49.15 U/mL,1.84±0.53 U/mL和409.38±95.72 ng/mL,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后预后不良组CA125、TNF-α及SIL-2R水平分别为118.25±33.04 U/mL,1.29±0.33 U/mL和342.91±84.06 ng/mL,预后良好组分别为83.15±27.18 U/mL,0.78±0.21 U/mL和270.68±69.15 ng/mL,两组均较治疗前下降,但预后良好组较预后不良组更低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ROC分析显示,CA125预测化疗后卵巢癌患者预后不良cut-off值为263.19 U/mL,TNF-α cut-off值为1.95 U/mL,SIL-2R cut-off值为431.06 ng/mL,联合检测预测预后的灵敏度为93.10%,特异度为89.47%,高于各指标单独检测。结论：卵巢癌患者血清CA125、TNF-α及SIL-2R水平高于健康人群,化疗后上述指标明显下降,联合检测CA125、TNF-α及SIL-2R对化疗后卵巢癌患者预后有较高的预测价值。     

血清PCT、TNF-α、CD14+/CD16+联合检测对新生儿败血症的诊断价值

目的：探讨联合检测血清降钙素原(PCT)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、CD14+/CD16+水平对新生儿败血症的诊断价值。方法选取2012年9月至2015年12月期间我院确诊的败血症新生患儿80例作为败血组,同期选取健康新生儿40例作为健康组,采用流式细胞技术检测CD14+/CD16+、免疫发光法检测PCT、酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测TNF-α,采用ROC曲线评估新生儿败血症的诊断效能,统计分析所有受检者的血清PCT、TNF-α、CD14+/CD16+水平及三者联合检测对新生儿败血症的诊断价值。结果败血组患儿发病时血清PCT、TNF-α、CD14+/CD16+水平分别为(6.57±2.38) ng/mL、(28.69±8.13) pg/mL、(11.35±3.21)%,感染控制后分别为(1.63±0.67) ng/mL、(9.36±3.97) pg/mL、(8.23±2.27)%,健康组血清PCT、TNF-α、CD14+/CD16+水平分别为(0.86±0.43) ng/mL、(6.29±2.01) pg/mL、(7.67±1.13)%,败血组患儿发病时和感染控制后上述因子水平均明显高于健康组,败血组患儿感染控制后上述因子水平明显低于发病时,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);ROC曲线显示,血清PCT以1 ng/mL、TNF-α以7.5 pg/mL、CD14+/CD16+以8.5%为临界值时,三者联合检测诊断新生儿败血症的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度及曲线下面积分别为93.75%(75/80)、92.50%(37/40)、96.13%(75/78)、88.10%(37/42)、93.33%(112/120)、0.836,与出生后实验诊断基本相同,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血清PCT、TNF-α、CD14+/CD16+水平与新生儿败血症的发生发展有关,联合检测三者水平有利于医师评估新生儿败血症的病情变化,且在诊断该疾病中具有良好的特异性、敏感性和准确性,可作为一种重要的诊断方法。     

人工肝支持系统对重型肝炎患者血清细胞因子影响的研究

目的观察人工肝支持系统对重型肝炎肝衰竭患者血清白介素-(2IL-2)、白介素-(6IL-6)、转化生长因子β(1TGFβ1)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)及内毒素(LPS)的清除效果,进一步探讨人工肝支持系统在重型肝炎治疗中的意义。方法36例重型肝炎患者分别在血浆置换(PE)、连续静脉血液滤过(CVVH)等人工肝支持系统不同方法的治疗前后测定患者血清IL-2、IL-6、TGFβ1、TNF-α及LPS的水平,比较它们在治疗前后的变化。结果36例患者PE治疗前血清中IL-2(28.75±12.43)pg/mL、IL-6(54.26±19.28)pg/mL、TGFβ1(30.70±26.90)ng/mL、TNF-α(88.17±46.32)pg/mL、LPS(0.86±0.45)Eu/mL,PE治疗后IL-2(35.30±14.18)pg/mL、IL-6(46.42±18.73)pg/mL、TGFβ1(18.56±13.77)ng/mL、TNF-α(64.54±30.25)pg/mL、LPS(0.53±0.28)Eu/mL;CVVH治疗前IL-2(30.26±12.69)pg/mL、IL-6(52.90±20.42)pg/mL、TGFβ1(28.58±16.70)ng/mL、TNF-α(82.35±41.66)pg/mL、LPS(0.80±0.38)Eu/mL,CVVH治疗后IL-(236.98±15.20)pg/mL、IL-6(35.85±18.16)pg/mL、TGFβ1(15.16±7.92)ng/mL、TNF-α(46.70±20.44)pg/mL、LPS(0.59±0.31)Eu/mL。PE及CVVH治疗后血清IL-6、TGFβ1、TNF-α及LPS均下降,而IL-2却上升,其比值差异均有显著性。结论PE及CVVH治疗后对IL-6、TGFβ1、TNF-α、内毒素均有不同程度的清除作用,而IL-2却有一定程度的升高,从而减轻免疫反应对肝细胞的损害,有助于改善重型肝炎肝衰竭患者的预后。     

PCT和TLR在脓毒血症中的诊断及预后评估价值

目的：探讨降钙素原（PCT）、Toll样受体2（TLR2）和Toll样受体4（TLR4）对脓毒血症的诊断及预后评估价值。方法：感染性疾病患者360例,其中脓毒血症组90例,非脓毒血症组270例,以同期100例健康体检者为正常对照组。比较三组血清PCT、TLR2及TLR4水平,采用受试者工作曲线（ROC）分析血清PCT、TLR2和TLR4水平对脓毒血症的诊断价值。脓毒血症患者28 d内病死32例（死亡组）,存活58例（存活组）,比较两组血清PCT、TLR2及TLR4水平,ROC曲线分析血清PCT、TLR2及TLR4对脓毒血症预后的预测价值。结果：脓毒血症组血清PCT、TLR2、TLR4水平分别为7.89±2.44 ng/mL,51.09±11.53 ng/L和76.43±10.08 ng/L,高于非脓毒血症组的1.05±0.27 ng/mL,27.41±4.62 ng/L和43.89±6.81 ng/L,非脓毒血症组高于对照组的0.28±0.04 ng/mL,13.23±2.51 ng/L和22.73±3.63 ng/L,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清PCT、TLR2及TLR4均可诊断脓毒血症（P＜0.05）,三者联合的效果最佳（P＜0.05）,诊断敏感度为85.9%,特异度为87.3%。脓毒血症患者治疗前血清PCT、TLR2及TLR4水平分别为7.89±2.44 ng/mL,51.09±11.53 ng/L和76.43±10.08 ng/L,治疗后分别降至3.63±1.08 ng/mL,37.48±7.48 ng/L和52.29±8.64 ng/L,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。脓毒血症死亡组血清PCT、TLR2及TLR4分别为8.07±2.24 ng/mL,56.06±13.53 ng/L和80.92±12.52 ng/L,高于存活组的6.19±1.11 ng/mL,50.83±9.41 ng/L和74.45±8.37 ng/L,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线显示,血清PCT、TLR2和TLR4均可预测脓毒血症预后（P＜0.05）,三者联合检测的效果最佳（P＜0.05）,敏感度为85.4%,特异度为88.5%。结论：PCT和TLR在脓毒血症中异常高表达,对诊断、治疗评估及预测预后均具有一定价值,联合检测效果更佳。     

血清PCT、IL-6、TNF-α水平检测对慢性肾炎急性感染期的评估价值分析

目的探讨分析血清PCT、IL-6、TNF-α水平检测对慢性肾炎急性感染期的评估价值;方法选取96例慢性肾炎患者作为研究对象,急性感染期患者作为观察组,非急性感染期患者作为对照组,比较两组不同时间血清WBC、PCT、IL-6、TNF-α水平,分析血清WBC、PCT、IL-6、TNF-α水平诊断急性感染期慢性肾炎ROC曲线及急性感染期慢性肾炎患者血清PCT、IL-6、TNF-α对肝、肾、肺功能影响;结果治疗前、治疗后24、48h观察组血清WBC、PCT、IL-6、TNF-α水平较对照组显著性提高(P0.05),治疗后72h两组血清WBC、PCT、IL-6、TNF-α水平无统计学差异(P0.05),PCT、IL-6、TNF-α的AUC均高于WBC,且PCT、IL-6、TNF-α的灵敏度、特异度均高于WBC,PCT≥11.10ng/mL、IL-6≥287.20ng/L、TNF≥α-248pg/mL的患者谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、肌酐、尿素氮、AaDO2、PaO2/FiO2均显著升高(P0.05);结论急性感染期慢性肾炎患者血清PCT、IL-6、TNF-α水平上升,加重对肝肾肺的损伤,严密监测患者血清PCT、IL-6、TNF-α水平有利于评估病情,指导治疗,促进预后的改善,值得推广。     

类风湿关节炎患者X线片表现与患者Treg细胞含量及血清炎性因子水平的关系

目的 探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清调节性T淋巴细胞(Treg)及炎性因子水平与患者X线片表现及病情的关系.方法 选取2015年6月至2016年6月在该院治疗的70例RA患者作为RA组,以20例体检健康者为对照组,检测其血清Treg、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8水平,分析Treg及各项炎性因子水平与患者关节X线片表现及关节功能的关系.结果 RA组患者Treg水平为(4.32±1.39)×106/L明显低于对照组的(7.57±2.37)×106/L,TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平分别为(23.63±5.36)ng/mL、(8.64±6.74)pg/mL、(7.63±5.56)pg/mL明显高于对照组的(6.54±1.53)ng/mL、(2.37±1.39)pg/mL、(2.36±1.17)pg/mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);骨损伤或关节损伤程度越重,血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平越高,Treg水平越低;logistic回归分析提示年龄、TNF-α水平上升、Treg水平下降是RA患者出现骨损伤的独立危险因素.结论 RA患者Treg和炎性因子水平与骨损伤密切相关.     

孟鲁司特对反复呼吸道感染患者炎症相关指标水平的影响

目的观察孟鲁司特对反复呼吸道感染患者鼻咽抽吸物及血清炎症指标的影响。方法选择2012年7月至2015年6月周口市中心医院收治的82例反复呼吸道感染患者,按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各41例。两组患者均给予常规基础治疗,观察组加用孟鲁司特治疗,监测治疗前后两组患者免疫球蛋白指标IgA、IgE、IgG,炎症因子IL－2、IL－4、IL－5、肿瘤坏死因子－α（ TNF－α）、干扰素－γ（ IFN－γ）及中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核巨噬细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、白三烯D4（ LTD4）水平,比较两组免疫功能的改善及炎症水平的变化。结果①治疗后,观察组中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、LTD4低于对照组[（3.78±0.16）×109／L、（0.52±0.71）×109／L、（190.32±92.14）pg／mL vs （4.14±1.13）×109／L、（0.83±0.66）×109／L、（234.62±88.43）pg／mL],单核巨噬细胞高于对照组[（2.25±0.93）×109／L vs （1.86±0.79）×109／L],差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;②治疗后,观察组IgA、IgG高于对照组[（0.76±0.10） g／L、（0.39±0.06） g／L vs （0.69±0.11） g／L、（0.31±0.04） g／L],IgE低于对照组[（0.17±0.03） g／L vs （0.21±0.03）g／L],差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;③治疗后,观察组IL－2、IFN－γ高于对照组[（260.71±18.62）pg／mL、（22.06±2.33）pg／mL vs （220.55±20.41）pg／mL、（15.38±5.98）pg／mL],IL－4、IL－5、TNF－α低于对照组[（11.06±8.06）pg／mL、（13.42±7.55）pg／mL、（7.55±1.02）pg／mL vs （20.04±12.22）pg／mL、（24.52±11.23）pg／mL、（14.33±2.18）pg／mL],差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;④观察组治疗总有效率为78.05％,高于对照组的56.10％（ P＜0.05）。结论采用孟鲁司特治疗反复呼吸道感染患者,治疗有效率高,患者血清炎症因子改善显著。     

加味二陈汤对ApoE-/-小鼠炎症标志物IL-6和TNF-α的调节作用

目的　研究加味二陈汤对ApoE^-/-小鼠血清、主动脉壁及瓣膜的IL-6、TNF-α表达的影响。方法　40只ApoE^-/-小鼠中10只为空白对照组,30只以高脂饲喂养4周构建动脉粥样硬化（As）小鼠模型,均分成模型组、辛伐他汀组、加味二陈汤组,分别用生理盐水、辛伐他汀及加味二陈汤对小鼠灌胃给药,8周后处死小鼠,Elisa法检测血清中IL-6、TNF-α的含量;免疫组化法检测IL-6、TNF-α在主动脉壁及瓣膜的表达。结果　辛伐他汀组血清IL-6和TNF-α分别为392.06±37.70　pg/mL、189.1±50.4　pg/mL,与模型组相比表达下降（P<0.05）;加味二陈汤组血清IL-6、TNF-α分别为442.41±172.26　pg/mL、47.2±13.3　pg/mL,与模型组相比表达下降（P<0.05）,与辛伐他汀组相比,表达下降（P<0.05）;免疫组化结果显示加味二陈汤可降低IL-6、TNF-α在主动脉壁内的表达。结论　加味二陈汤可降低血清和主动脉壁及瓣膜的IL-6、TNF-α的表达。     

白细胞介素6、8及肿瘤坏死因子α与子宫内膜异位症相关性的研究

目的　探讨子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )患者血清和腹腔液中白细胞介素 6、8(IL -6、IL -8)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF -α)的变化及其在内异症发病中的作用。方法　采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验测定 5 8例内异症患者和15例非内异症患者 (对照组 )血清和腹腔液中的IL -6、IL -8、TNF -α的含量 ,并分别与R -AFS评分进行相关性分析。结果　内异症患者血清和腹腔液中IL -6(分别为 :3 2 .77± 15 .2 3 pg/ml;12 6.79± 184.5 5 pg/ml)、IL -8(分别为 :5 3 .3 9± 43 .45pg/ml;15 5 .66± 190 .99pg/ml)、TNF -α(分别为 :3 1.0 9± 19.2 9pg/ml;3 5 .92± 2 2 .0 3pg/ml)明显高于对照组(血清 :17.5 9± 4.97pg/ml、18.15± 6.3 8pg/ml、11.15± 3 .71pg/ml;腹腔液 :2 1.5 1± 8.44 pg/ml、2 0 .15± 6.3 8pg/ml、12 .5 3± 7.15 pg/ml) (P <0 .0 1) ,且Ⅲ～Ⅳ期浓度升高。除腹腔液中IL -8外 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,内异症患者血清和腹腔液中IL -6、IL -8、TNF -α的浓度与R -AFS评分均呈正相关。内异症患者腹腔液中IL -6、IL -8的水平明显高于血清 (P<0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 ) ,而腹腔液中TNF -α的水平与血清差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　内异症患者血清和腹腔液中异常水平的IL -6、IL -8、TNF -α是血清和腹腔免疫动态?     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.