不同负荷剂量他汀类药物对老年急性心肌梗死直接介入治疗术后心肌细胞的影响

目的比较不同负荷剂量他汀类药物对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接PCI术后心肌的影响。方法老年STEMI行直接PCI患者120例,随机分4组,每组30例,阿托伐负荷组(80mg),阿托伐常规组(20mg),瑞舒伐负荷组(20mg),瑞舒伐常规组(5mg),分别检测PCI术前和术后2h炎性、氧化活性和纤溶活性指标。比较术后ST段回落指数(STR)、校正TIMI帧计数(CTFC)、30d心脏彩色超声和主要心脏不良事件(MACE)。结果阿托伐负荷组与阿托伐常规组、瑞舒伐负荷组与瑞舒伐常规组术后2h炎性、氧化活性和纤溶活性指标比较有显著差异(P0.05)。阿托伐负荷组与阿托伐常规组、瑞舒伐负荷组与瑞舒伐常规组CTFC[(15.2±4.6)帧vs(21.7±5.2)帧,(15.6±4.2)帧vs(22.9±5.9)帧]和STR≥50%(93.3%vs 46.7%,86.7%vs43.3%)比较有显著差异(P0.05)。2个负荷组30dLVEF和MACE均好于2个常规组(P0.05),2个负荷组上述各项比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论老年STEMI行直接PCI术前用负荷剂量他汀类药物,可降低氧化应激,减少心肌细胞坏死,改善短期预后,阿托伐他汀与瑞舒伐他汀无显著差异。     

强化阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征患者选择性介入治疗围手术期的影响

目的探讨负荷剂量阿托伐他汀对非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTEACS)患者PCI围手术期的影响。方法将81例NSTEACS患者随机分为负荷治疗组41例和标准治疗组40例,负荷治疗组PCI术前12 h顿服阿托伐他汀80 mg,PCI术前2 h追加阿托伐他汀40 mg。2组术前、术后8和24 h抽取肘静脉血,检测血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、血浆肌钙蛋白(cTnI)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等。随访30 d主要不良心脏事件发生率。结果与PCI术前比较,2组PCI术后CK-MB、cTnI和hs CRP均明显升高(P0.01),但负荷治疗组CK-MB、cTnI和hs-CRP升高水平显著低于标准治疗组(P0.01)。负荷治疗组心肌损伤标记物升高发生率较标准治疗组显著降低(7.3%vs 32.5%,P=0.003;24.4%vs 47.5%,P=0.030)。负荷治疗组主要不良心脏事件发生率较标准治疗组低(2.4% vs 22.5%,P=0.01 61),心肌梗死发生率下降(2.4%vs20.0%,P=0.0307)。结论 NSTEACS患者PCI术前应用阿托伐他汀负荷剂量,能减少PCI术对患者造成的心肌损伤及炎性反应,还可降低PCI术后不良心脏事件的发生,而且安全有效。     

不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀对不稳定性心绞痛患者支架置入术后心肌损伤的保护和抗炎作用

目的探讨不同剂量的瑞舒伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者支架置入术后心肌损伤的保护和抗炎作用。方法 150例UA并经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的患者随机分为A组(阿托伐他汀20 mg/d)、B组(瑞舒伐他汀10 mg/d)、C组(瑞舒伐他汀20 mg/d),每组50例。三组患者连续3 d于睡前服用他汀类药物直至行PCI术,术后继续给予常规治疗并观察术前及PCI术后48 h外周血检测超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和心肌肌钙蛋白(c Tn I)的水平,检测术后48 h的外周血CD4+T细胞的凋亡情况,同时比较PCI术后1个月与入院时血高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)的水平。结果三组患者术前hs-CRP、CK-MB、c Tn I、TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C水平无明显差异(P0.05),而术后较术前相比有明显的改变(P0.05)。瑞舒伐他汀20 mg/d患者术后48 h hs-CRP、CK-MB、c Tn I、TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C水平与瑞舒伐他汀10 mg/d和阿托伐他汀20mg/d相比有显著的改善(P0.05);而瑞舒伐他汀10 mg/d和阿托伐他汀20 mg/d两组患者上述水平无明显差异(P0.05)。PCI术后48 h瑞舒伐他汀10 mg/d组患者CD4+T细胞凋亡比例明显高于阿托伐他汀20 mg/d组患者(P0.05),而瑞舒伐他汀20 mg/d组患者CD4+T细胞凋亡比例明显高于10 mg/d的患者。结论瑞舒伐他汀10 mg/d的常规剂量具有降脂,升高HDL-C水平、保护心肌和抗炎作用,而20 mg/d强化治疗能够显著增加PCI术后对心肌的保护和抗炎作用。     

阿托伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛患者PCI术后心肌损伤及炎症反应的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀常规剂量治疗对不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后,心肌损伤的标记物血清肌酸磷酸激酶同功酶（CK-MB）、血浆肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）及炎症反应标志物超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）的变化。方法根据UAP患者PCI术前4周是否持续服用阿托伐他汀20mg/d分为试药组和对照组,于术前和术后8h、24h抽取肘静脉血检测血浆CK-MB、cTnI和hs-CRP。结果PCI术后两组心肌损伤及炎症反应的标记物均有不同程度升高,但试药组CK-MB、cTnI、hs-CRP水平显著低于对照组（均P<0.01）。结论UAP患者在PCI术前4周持续口服阿托伐他汀20mg/d能明显减少PCI术对UAP患者造成的心肌损伤及炎症反应。     

急诊冠状动脉介入术强化阿托伐他汀治疗的临床疗效

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前单次口服大剂量阿托伐他汀和术后强化阿托伐他汀治疗的临床疗效。方法:选择STEMI并行急诊PCI治疗的118患者,随机分为2组:强化组(61例)术前阿托伐他汀80mg口服,术后40mg/d;常规组(57例)仅于术后给予阿托伐他汀20mg/d。两组均给予常规冠心病二级预防治疗。主要研究终点是术后30d主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率,次要研究终点包括心肌灌注TMPG分级、术后即刻和术后6hST段回降率(STR)和阿托伐他汀治疗前、后生化指标的变化。结果:PCI术后强化组CK-MB峰值明显低于常规组[(230.20±128.84)U/L∶(285.28±149.55)U/L,P<0.05]。PCI术后6h强化组STR≥50%的比例明显高于常规组(86.9%∶71.9%,P<0.05)。与常规组相比,强化组治疗30d后LDL-C、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:STEMI急诊PCI术前大剂量阿托伐他汀80mg口服和术后40mg/d治疗安全有效,能够明显改善PCI术后6hSTR,降低CK-MB峰值和术后30d的LDL-C和hs-CRP。     

高龄冠心病患者PCI围术期负荷剂量阿托伐他汀的疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨高龄冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)围术期阿托伐他汀负荷剂量治疗的疗效及安全性。方法选择住院接受PCI治疗的高龄冠心病患者80例,随机分为负荷剂量组和常规剂量组,比较两组PCI术前、术后24hCKMB、cTnI、CRP的水平及PCI术前、术后1个月LDL、TC的水平并随访观察两组患者1个月期间药物主要不良反应及心血管事件的发生情况。结果 (1)常规剂量组PCI术后CKMB、cTnI、CRP水平均较术前升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),常规剂量组PCI术后24h的CKMB、cTnI、CRP水平均高于负荷剂量组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)两组在用药后1个月LDL和TC均显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),负荷剂量组下降幅度更加显著(P<0.05)。(3)负荷剂量组1个月内心血管事件发生率显著低于常规剂量组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)肝转氨酶升高负荷剂量组3例,常规剂量组2例,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组均无肌痛、骨骼肌溶解及肾功能受损等不良反应。结论高龄冠心病患者PCI围术期负荷剂量阿托伐他汀治疗能有效减轻心肌损伤,降低术后心血管事件发生率,且相对安全。     

不同剂量国产瑞舒伐他汀对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后不稳定型心绞痛患者心肌保护作用及其安全性的比较研究

目的比较不同剂量国产瑞舒伐他汀对经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗后不稳定型心绞痛患者的心肌保护作用及其安全性。方法选取2013年10月—2014年10月聊城市第二人民医院心内科收治的拟行PCI治疗的不稳定型心绞痛患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。两组患者均行择期PCI治疗,对照组患者术前给予常规剂量国产瑞舒伐他汀(10 mg/d),观察组患者术前给予大剂量国产瑞舒伐他汀(20 mg/d),疗程均为3~7 d。比较两组患者术前和术后24 h心肌损伤标志物〔心肌肌钙蛋白T(c Tn T)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)〕水平、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平以及观察组患者术前和术后24 h丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)水平,观察两组患者术后30 d心脏不良事件(如再次血运重建、心肌梗死或死亡)发生情况。结果两组患者术前c Tn T、CK-MB、hs-CRP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者术后24 h c Tn T、CK-MB、hs-CRP水平低于对照组(P0.05);术后24 h两组患者c Tn T、CK-MB水平均高于术前,hs-CRP水平低于术前(P0.05)。观察组患者术前及术后24 h ALT、Scr、BUN水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组无一例患者停用、减用或换用其他他汀类药物。观察组患者术后30 d心脏不良事件发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论大剂量国产瑞舒伐他汀较常规剂量国产瑞舒伐他汀对PCI治疗后不稳定型心绞痛患者的心肌保护作用更明显,且安全性较高,能有效减少心脏不良事件的发生。     

经皮冠状动脉介入前不同剂量阿托伐他汀对缓解心肌损伤的作用

目的：研究不同剂量阿托伐他汀预处理,对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者围手术期心肌损伤的保护作用。方法：选择心肌损伤标志物正常并择期PCI的的冠心病患者102例,包括稳定性心绞痛（SAP）44例,不稳定性心绞痛（UAP）58例,随机分为两组,大剂量组：术前3 d连续给予阿托伐他汀40 mg,小剂量组：予常规剂量10 mg。于术前及术后8 h、24 h测定肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）;对比手术前后谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、肌酸激酶（CK）浓度;并对各指标在UAP和SAP不同人群中的变化进行分析。术后随访1个月了解心脏不良事件（MACE）发生率。结果：①术后8 h,两组cTnI、hs-CRP水平明显增高（P〈0.05）,术后24hCK-MB水平亦明显升高（P〈0.05）。大剂量组术后cTnI、CK-MB、hs-CRP水平及心肌损伤标志物升高的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）②UAP患者中大剂量组的hs-CRP、cTnI、CK-MB浓度均明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;而SAP患者,大剂量组仅hs-CRP浓度与对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：PCI术前短期给予大剂量阿托伐他汀能有效减少围手术期的心肌损伤。     

PCI术前单次不同负荷剂量阿托伐他汀对稳定型心绞痛患者的心肌保护作用

目的探讨稳定型心绞痛患者PCI术前给予单次不同负荷剂量阿托伐他汀对心肌保护的影响。方法入选2013年6月至2014年12月于常德市第一人民医院心血管内科住院并接受择期PCI手术的稳定型心绞痛患者106例,男性72例,女性34例,年龄42~78岁。随机分为3组,A组(35例),B组(35例),C组(36例)。PCI术前8~12 h服用阿托伐他汀,剂量分别为A组20 mg,B组40 mg,C组80 mg。检测3组患者术前和术后8 h、24 h肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)等指标变化。结果 A组术后8 h和24 h较术前CK-MB、cTnT、hs-CRP均升高,B组和C组术后24 h较术前CK-MB、cTnT、hs-CRP均升高,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与A组比较,B组和C组术后24 h CK-MB、cTnT降低,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与B组比较,C组术后24 h CK-MB、cTnT、hs-CRP降低,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。三组ALT无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论未长期服用他汀类药物的稳定型心绞痛患者PCI术前给予80 mg阿托伐他汀对心肌保护作用优于20 mg和40 mg。     

负荷量阿托伐他汀对急性冠脉综合征经皮冠脉介入术治疗患者心肌灌注、炎症反应及内皮功能的影响

目的探讨负荷量阿托伐他汀对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)经皮冠脉介入术(PCI)治疗患者心肌灌注、炎症反应及内皮功能的影响。方法收集120例行PCI术的ACS患者,随机分为研究组和对照组各60例,对照组给予常规治疗及阿托伐他汀20 mg/d口服,研究组在此基础上术前8 h给予80 mg负荷量阿托伐他汀,比较两组患者术后心血管事件发生情况、校正心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)帧数(CTFC)、术前、术后三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)心肌灌注分级,术前、术后1 d及术后1 w的超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)-1水平。结果研究组心血管事件发生率8.33%,低于对照组的23.33%(P0.05);研究组CTFC计数高于对照组(P0.05),术后TMP分级评分低于对照组(P0.05)。术后1 d、术后1w两组患者hs-CRP、NO水平均高于术前,术后1 w两组患者ET-1水平均低于术前,研究组术后1 d及术后1 w hs-CRP及ET-1水平低于对照组,NO水平高于对照组(P0.05)。结论负荷量阿托伐他汀可以减少ACS患者PCI术后心血管事件发生,降低炎症反应水平,改善血管内皮功能及心肌再灌注。     

Anaerobic myocardial abscess following myocardial infarction

An anaerobic myocardial abscess due to Bacteroides fragilis developed in a 60-year-old man when he had an acute myocardial infarction while recuperating from surgery for a paracolonic abscess. Anaerobic bacteremia is a common event and may lead to infection in areas of low oxygen tension far removed from the original portal of entry.     

曲尼司特对心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化的影响

目的探讨曲尼司特对兔心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化干预作用。方法结扎左前降支制作兔心肌梗死模型,分实验组和对照组。3周后经胃管分别给予曲尼司特及安慰剂1月,心脏彩超评价心功能并检测血清转化生长因子（transform ing growth factor,TGF-β1）,I、III型胶原浓度及组织羟脯胺酸含量。结果实验组治疗前后心功能、心腔内径、室壁厚度明显改善,血清TGF-β1,I、III型胶原浓度及羟脯胺酸含量较对照组明显下降。结论曲尼司特可有效拮抗心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化,预防心室重构。     

Transient myocardial ischaemia after acute myocardial infarction

The prevalence and characteristics of transient myocardial ischaemia were studied in 203 patients with recent acute myocardial infarction by both early (6.4 days) and late (38 days) ambulatory monitoring of the ST segment. Transient ST segment depression was much commoner during late (32% patients) than early (14%) monitoring. Most transient ischaemia (greater than 85% episodes) was silent and 80% of patients had only silent episodes. During late monitoring painful ST depression was accompanied by greater ST depression and tended to occur at a higher heart rate. Late transient ischaemia showed a diurnal distribution, occurred at a higher initial heart rate, and was more often accompanied by a further increase in heart rate than early ischaemia. Thus in the first 2 months after myocardial infarction transient ischaemia became increasingly common and more closely associated with increased myocardial oxygen demand. Because transient ischaemic episodes during early and late ambulatory monitoring have dissimilar characteristics they may also have different pathophysiologies and prognostic implications.     

Assessment of myocardial viability using myocardial contrast echocardiography

Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is a technique that uses microbubbles as a tracer during simultaneous ultrasound of the heart. The microbubbles can be used to provide quantitative information regarding the adequacy of myocardial blood flow (MBF), as well as the spatial extent of microvascular integrity. In acute myocardial infarction, MCE can identify the presence of collateral flow within the risk area, and can therefore predict preservation of myocardial viability and ultimate infarct size even prior to reperfusion. After reperfusion, the extent of microvascular no-reflow can be determined, and has significant implications for recovery of left ventricular function. In chronic ischemic heart disease, MCE has also been shown to successfully differentiate viable from necrotic myocardium. This technique can accurately predict recovery of function after revascularization. More importantly, MCE can be used to identify viable segments that may help to prevent infarct expansion and remodeling, and thus improve patient outcomes.     

Assessment of myocardial viability with myocardial contrast echocardiography

The application of noninvasive imaging techniques to assess myocardial viability has become an important part of routine management of patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic coronary artery disease. Information regarding the presence and extent of viability may help identify patients likely to benefit from revascularization or therapy directed at attenuating left ventricular remodeling. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is capable of defining the presence and extent of viability by providing an accurate assessment of microvascular integrity needed to maintain myocellular viability. It is especially suited for the spatial assessment of perfusion, even when myocardial blood flow is reduced substantially in the presence of severe epicardial stenoses or in a bed dependent on collateral perfusion. The routine use of MCE to evaluate viability in patients with acute and chronic coronary artery disease is now feasible with the advent of new imaging technologies and microbubble agents capable of myocardial opacification from venous injections. The utility of this technique for determining treatment strategies has not been established but is forthcoming.     

经静脉心肌声学造影评价心肌梗死后存活心肌的价值

目的　探讨经静脉心肌声学造影 (MCE)对心肌梗死后存活心肌的诊断价值。方法　 2 4例心肌梗死患者用二维超声评价室壁运动情况 ,同时经静脉进行MCE ,以 3个月后静态超声心动图左室心肌节段性运动改善为依据评价MCE对心肌梗死后存活心肌的诊断价值。结果　在 2 4例病人的 384个心肌节段中 ,运动异常节段 184个。在运动异常的 184个节段中 ,MCE1分 39段 ,0 5分 5 0段 ,0分 95段。 3个月复查 79个节段有运动改善 ,其中 39段来自MCE1分的心肌 ,4 0段来自MCE0 5分的心肌。MCE对预测心肌梗死后室壁运动改善的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为 :10 0 %、89 7%、84 8%、10 0 %和 94 6 %。结论　MCE能比较准确地预测心肌梗死后心肌的存活性     

Transient myocardial ischaemia after acute myocardial infarction.

The prevalence and characteristics of transient myocardial ischaemia were studied in 203 patients with recent acute myocardial infarction by both early (6.4 days) and late (38 days) ambulatory monitoring of the ST segment. Transient ST segment depression was much commoner during late (32% patients) than early (14%) monitoring. Most transient ischaemia (greater than 85% episodes) was silent and 80% of patients had only silent episodes. During late monitoring painful ST depression was accompanied by greater ST depression and tended to occur at a higher heart rate. Late transient ischaemia showed a diurnal distribution, occurred at a higher initial heart rate, and was more often accompanied by a further increase in heart rate than early ischaemia. Thus in the first 2 months after myocardial infarction transient ischaemia became increasingly common and more closely associated with increased myocardial oxygen demand. Because transient ischaemic episodes during early and late ambulatory monitoring have dissimilar characteristics they may also have different pathophysiologies and prognostic implications.