复治肺结核并糖尿病患者耐药率及与血糖水平的关系

目的:探讨复治肺结核并糖尿病患者耐药率与血糖水平的关系。方法:按照是否合并糖尿病将210例复治肺结核病患者分为合并糖尿病组75例和单纯肺结核组135例,比较2组患者的耐药情况,并将合并糖尿病组患者按照血糖水平分为7.1 mmol/L亚组12例、7.1~14.0 mmol/L亚组49例和14.0 mmol/L亚组14例,比较各亚组耐药率之间的关系。结果:合并糖尿病组患者多耐药率、耐多药率、广泛耐药率及总耐药率均明显高于单纯肺结核,抗结核药物敏感率明显低于单纯肺结核组(P0.05);血糖7.1~14.0mmol/L亚组患者多耐药率、耐多药率、广泛耐药率及总耐药率均略高于7.1mmol/L亚组,耐单药率和抗结核药物敏感率均略低于7.1mmol/L亚组,但2组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);14.0亚组患者耐多药率和总耐药率均明显高于7.1mmol/L亚组航结核药物敏感率明显低于7.1mmol/L亚组(均P0.05)有统计学意义;14.0mmol/L亚组患者耐多药率明显高于7.1~14.0mmol/L亚组,多耐药率明显低于7.1~14.0mmol/L亚组,差异有显著(均P0.05)。结论:复治肺结核患者合并糖尿病后耐药率明显升高,且血糖水平越高耐药率越高。     

噬菌体法对老年复治肺结核合并糖尿病患者抗结核药物耐药分析

目的探讨噬菌体检测法(Pha B)快速检测老年复治肺结核合并糖尿病患者结核分支杆菌对异烟肼(H)、利福平(R)、乙胺丁醇(E)和链霉素(S)4种一线抗结核药物的耐药性,分析其临床应用价值。方法应用Pha B法检测65例老年复治肺结核合并糖尿病患者结核分枝杆菌对4种一线抗结核药物的耐药性。结果老年复治肺结核合并糖尿病患者总耐药率为50.00%,单纯老年复治肺结核患者的总耐药率为34.88%,2组差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.39,P=0.24);2组耐多药率和耐S率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.25,P=0.02;χ~2=5.24,P=0.02)。老年复治肺结核合并糖尿病患者空腹血糖≥7.10 mmol/L组耐药率为69.23%,高于空腹血糖7.1 mmol/L组的22.22%,2组差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.70,P=0.03)。结论老年复治肺结核合并糖尿病患者耐多药率和耐S率高,尤其是血糖≥7.10 mmol/L者。Pha B法能快速检测结核分枝杆菌耐药性,指导临床用药。     

肺结核患者中性粒细胞防御素1-3表达的临床研究

目的 探讨人中性粒细胞防御素1-3（HNP1-3）在肺结核及耐多药肺结核发生中的作用.方法 采用ELISA法检测正常人（对照组）、对药物敏感（敏感组）与耐多药（耐多药/多耐药组）肺结核患者血浆HNP1-3的浓度,并观察敏感组和耐多药/多耐药组抗结核治疗6个月后HNP1-3的变化.结果 治疗前血浆HNP1-3浓度：对照组、敏感组、耐多药/多耐药组分别为（87.6±8.7）、（141.7±21.3）、（41.0±10.9）ng/ml,敏感组＞对照组＞耐多药/多耐药组（P分别＜0.05）.抗结核治疗6个月后血浆HNP1-3浓度：敏感组为（76.5±7.1）ng/ml,较治疗前明显下降（P＜0.01）,耐多药/多耐药组为（53.2±7.1）ng/ml,与治疗前相比无差异（P＞0.05）.血浆HNP1-3浓度与痰菌阳性持续时间及X线胸片记分呈负相关（r分别为-0.635,-0.465,P＜0.01）、与外周血白细胞及中性粒细胞计数呈正相关（r分别为0.594,0.728,P＜0.01）.结论 HNP1-3在肺结核及耐多药肺结核的发生中可能起一定作用,HNP1-3水平降低可能是耐多药肺结核形成的原因之一.     

漳州市复治耐药肺结核的临床和病原学分析

目的了解漳州市复治耐药肺结核的临床特征和病原学情况。方法经对复治肺结核患者的晨痰、胸液进行分枝杆菌培养、鉴定和抗结核药物敏感性试验。结果11例复治肺结核患者中，2例规则抗结核治疗，9例抗结核药物未满疗程。均为继发性肺结核，8例为结核分枝杆菌感染，1例“复治肺结核”为非结核分枝杆菌病。8例复治培阳肺结核患者均有不同程度耐药。耐多药5例，耐药种类3—10种。所有耐药菌株中发现2株为利福平依赖菌。结论复治肺结核多表现有空洞、肺毁损，易继发感染、合并糖尿病、肺心病。不规则用药是导致复治和耐药的最常见原因。耐药率为72．7％，肺结核耐多药率达62．5％。对漳州复治肺结核患者有必要广泛开展结核分枝杆菌培养、鉴定和药物敏感性试验，更利于医疗、防疫人员循证科学施治，对预防耐药肺结核发生和减少耐药肺结核的社区传播具有重要意义。     

2型糖尿病合并初治肺结核患者耐药情况及影响因素分析

目的回顾性分析了2型糖尿病合并初治耐药肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌的耐药情况和影响因素,从而为此类患者的早期发现提供一定的依据。方法收集首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院2012年1月至2014年12月收治的行结核分枝杆菌培养及药敏试验的2型糖尿病合并肺结核患者356例,其中初治耐药患者93例,复治耐药患者56例,初治敏感患者182例。对患者的耐药率、耐药种类、任一耐药率、耐药谱、耐药危险因素等情况进行分析。采用SPSS16.0统计学软件进行统计学分析,P0.05为差异有显著性意义。结果 356例2型糖尿病合并肺结核患者,总耐药率41.9%,耐多药率达12.9%。2型糖尿病合并初治耐药肺结核患者中,以单耐药和多耐药患者为主,耐单药前三位为耐SM、INH和利福类,喹诺酮类药物的耐药率为11.8%,耐多药患者组合耐药谱以耐HRSEPto+二线注射剂为最多(38.1%)。与初治敏感患者相比,2型糖尿病合并初治耐药肺结核患者体重下降者占多数(P0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病合并初治肺结核的耐药率较高,以单耐药和多耐药为主,体重下降是2型糖尿病合并初治耐药肺结核患者的影响因素。     

天津地区296例老年肺结核住院患者耐药状况分析

目的 了解天津地区住院老年肺结核患者耐药情况,探讨老年肺结核的耐药特点.方法 收集天津市海河医院2008年1月至2009年9月296例痰结核菌培养阳性的老年肺结核住院患者的4种常用抗结核药物耐药检测资料.与549例同期非老年肺结核患者进行比较和回顾性分析.结果 (1)入选老年组患者296例,总耐药率为28.7%、耐多药率为8.8%;其中初始耐药率、耐多药率、获得性耐药率和耐多药率分别为22.2%、6.1%、41.8%和14.3%.(2)对任一抗结核药累计耐药顺序为异烟肼＞链霉素＞利福平＞乙胺丁醇.(3)性别间耐药率差异无统计学意义(x2=0.002,P＞0.O5).(4)老年组耐药率及耐多药率明显低于非老年组(x2值分别为10.8、5.24,均P＜0.05).结论 老年肺结核患者耐药率低于非老年患者.     

深圳市流动人口肺结核耐药情况及相关因素分析

目的 了解深圳市流动人口肺结核耐药情况及主要影响因素,为完善流动人口结核病防控策略提供科学依据。 方法 将深圳市2010年确诊登记的682例流动人口痰培养阳性肺结核患者（初治595例,复治87例）作为研究对象,进行菌种鉴定和4种一线抗结核药物敏感性试验;并通过现场问卷调查收集相关信息,采取logistic回归分析获得流动人口肺结核患者耐药的主要影响因素。 结果682例结核分枝杆菌感染的流动人口涂阳肺结核患者中,总耐药率为17.74%（121/682）,其中初治耐药率15.29%（91/595）,复治耐药率34.48%（30/87）;耐多药率为5.87%（40/682）,其中初治耐多药率4.20%（25/595）,复治耐多药率17.24%（15/87）;单耐药率为9.24%（63/682）;多耐药率为2.64%（18/682）。4种药物的耐药率顺位依次是链霉素、异烟肼、利福平和乙胺丁醇。复治患者的耐药率显著高于初治患者（χ²=19.15,P＜0.01）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性（OR=1.623,95%CI=1.023～2.598,P＜0.05）、复治患者（OR=3.648,95%CI=2.133～6.237,P＜0.01）和有中断治疗史的患者（OR=2.847,95%CI=1.718～4.718,P＜0.01）与耐药性之间存在相关性,差异有统计学意义。 结论 深圳市流动人口肺结核总体耐药率和耐多药率相对较高,女性、复治化疗史和初治中断治疗是流动人口耐药肺结核的主要影响因素。     

2007-2012年上海市结核病耐药趋势分析

目的 回顾性分析2007-2012年上海市结核病耐药情况及流行趋势.方法 收集2007 2012年上海市结核病新登记患者的痰培养阳性菌株12 221株,进行一线抗结核药物（异烟肼、利福平、链霉素、乙胺丁醇）敏感性试验和菌种鉴定,对鉴定为结核分枝杆菌复合群的10 979株菌株进行药敏结果分析,分析耐药情况及流行趋势,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析影响耐药和耐多药的相关因素.结果 10 979株结核分枝杆菌总耐药率为23.0 ％（2522/10 979）,初治患者耐药率为20.4％（1981/9702）,复治患者耐药率为42.4％（541/1277）;总耐多药率为5.3％（587/10 979）,初治患者耐多药率为3.4％（328/9702）,复治患者耐多药率为20.3 ％（259/1277）.近6年总耐药率和复治患者耐药率均无上升趋势（x2趋势值分别是2.38和0.23,P值均＞0.05）;初治患者耐药率有上升趋势（x2趋势＝9.02,P＜0.05）,总耐多药率、初治和复治患者耐多药率均无上升趋势（x2趋势值分别为0.33、1.67、0.48,P值均＞0.05）.多因素logistic回归分析显示,复治患者更易产生耐药（OR=3.080,95％CI=2.717～3.492,P＜0.05）和耐多药（OR=7.781,95 ％CI=6.481～9.341,P＜0.05）,41～≤60岁年龄组患者与耐药（OR=1.270,95 ％CI=1.045～1.544,P＜0.05）和耐多药（OR=1.669,95 ％CI=1.064～2.620,P＜0.05）有关.结论 2007-2012年上海市结核病总耐药率和总耐多药率无上升趋势,复治与耐药和耐多药有显著相关.     

老年肺结核患者临床及耐药特征分析

目的分析92例老年肺结核患者的临床资料及结核分枝杆菌耐药特征。方法对2012~2014年遵义医学院附属医院收治的痰结核分枝杆菌培养阳性的92例老年肺结核患者的临床资料、一线和二线13种抗结核药的药物敏感试验结果进行回顾性分析。结果 92例老年肺结核患者中初治多于复治(2.6∶1),肺结核并结核性胸膜炎及基础疾病发生率高;结核分枝杆菌对13种抗结核药全敏感者43例,不同程度耐药者49例,总耐药率、初治耐药率和复治耐药率分别为53.3%(49/92)、48.5%(32/66)和65.4%(17/26);总耐多药率、初治耐多药率和复治耐多药率分别是12.0%(11/92)、4.5%(3/66)和30.8%(8/26);广泛耐药占耐多药的比率18.2%(2/11)。结论本地区年结核病疫情严峻,提高对老年肺结核的认识,重视病原学检测和规范化治疗,是防止误诊误治和减少耐药结核病发生的重要手段。     

耐多药肺结核患者抗二线结核药的耐药分析

目的了解耐多药肺结核患者对二线抗结核药物的耐药情况。方法对我院住院的341例耐多药肺结核患者二线抗结核药物的耐药情况进行分析。结果 341例MDR-TB对左氧氟沙星、丙硫异烟胺、力克肺疾、对氨基水杨酸、丁胺卡那霉素、卷曲霉素的总耐药率依次为49.9%、26.4%、24.9%、23.4%、18.5%、15.8%。复治组对二线抗结核药物的耐多药率明显高于初治组,不合理治疗是形成MDR-TB或XDRTB的主要原因。结论耐多药肺结核患者对二线抗结核药物耐药情况严重,要引起重视。     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.