斑点追踪技术评价无左心室肥厚高血压患者左心室扭转与解旋运动

目的探讨无左心室肥厚高血压患者左心室扭转与解旋运动的特点。方法入选无左心室肥厚的高血压患者85例及健康对照者40名,应用超声二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STI)测量并计算短轴心尖部旋转峰值(PAR)及达峰时间、基底部旋转角度峰值(PBR)及达峰时间、左心室整体扭转角度峰值(Ptw)及达峰时间,收缩末期扭转角度(AVCtw)、等容舒张末期扭转角度(MVOtw)、解旋减半时间(HTU)、解旋率。结果高血压组PAR、Ptw、AVCtw、MVOtw高于对照组[(10.55±4.14)°比(8.95±3.46)°,(18.18±4.58)°比(16.33±4.50)°,(17.11±4.82)°比(14.95±4.61)°,(14.33±4.43)°比(12.40±4.86)°,均P<0.05],解旋率低于对照组[(36.06±15.98)%/ms比(48.96±21.16)%/ms,P<0.05]。Ptw与PAR呈正相关,与PBR呈负相关(分别r=0.825,-0.474,均P<0.05);Ptw与LVMI呈正相关(r=0.208,P<0.05),解旋率与左心室质量指数(LVMI)呈负相关(r=-0.231,P<0.05)。结论高血压患者左心室扭转及解旋运动的异常早于室壁厚度的增加,2D-STI技术可定量检测左心室扭转与解旋运动,有可能作为评价高血压患者左心室收缩及舒张功能的早期指标。     

二维超声斑点追踪显像技术在评价AMI患者左心室扭转运动中的应用

目的 观察二维超声斑点追踪显像（STI）技术评价急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者左室收缩功能的价值.方法 选择60例AMI患者（AMI组）及20例健康查体者（对照组）,均采用彩色多普勒超声仪以Simpson′s法测量左室射血分数（LVEF）及二尖瓣血流E峰/A峰,以STI技术测量左室心尖和心底各个节段旋转角度,同步记录左室整体扭转峰值（Ptw）、心尖扭转角度峰值（PAR）、心底扭转角度峰值（PBR）、收缩末期末左心室扭转角度（AVCtw）、等容舒张期末扭转角度（MVOtw）、解旋率（UntwR）、解旋减半时间（HTU）,并分析左室扭转参数与LVEF、E峰/A峰的相关性.结果 AMI组Ptw、 PAR、AVCtw、MVOtw明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,其中前壁心梗者PAR显著低于下壁及前间壁心梗者（P〈0.05）;Ptw与LVEF呈显著正相关（r=0.527,P〈0.05）,UntwR与E峰/A峰无明显相关.结论 STI技术可通过定量检测收缩期左室扭转运动较好的评价AMI患者左室收缩功能改变,是指导临床诊治的新型无创性方法.     

三维斑点追踪成像评估重度主动脉狭窄左心室纵向应变及扭转运动

目的利用三维斑点追踪成像(3D-STI)评估左心室射血分数(LVEF)正常的重度主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)患者左心室整体纵向应变(GLS)及扭转运动,以了解其早期的左心室心肌力学机制改变。方法选取重度AS患者30例,高血压伴左心室肥厚30例,对照组30例,利用三维斑点追踪成像测量左心室GLS及整体扭转角度,比较这三组之间GLS及左心室扭转角度的差异。结果与对照组比较,高血压组和AS组的GLS明显减低,左心室扭转角度明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 01);与高血压组比较,AS组的GLS明显减低,左心室扭转角度明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 01)。结论 LVEF正常的重度AS患者其GLS减低,而左心室扭转角度增加,3D-STI有助于了解重度AS患者左心室早期力学机制的改变。     

超声对老年急性心肌梗死患者左心室心肌总应变及左心室重构的研究

目的探讨应用超声技术评价老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者左心室心肌总应变,及其与左心室重构的相关性。方法选择心肌梗死患者104例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为左回旋支(LCX)和(或)右冠状动脉(RCA)病变组(LCX/RCA组)31例、单纯左前降支(LAD)病变组(LAD单支组)34例、包含LAD的2支或3支病变组(多支组)39例,另选择性别、年龄相匹配的同期健康体检者40例为对照组。应用二维超声斑点追踪成像测算左心室各节段心肌及整体总应变矢量(ε)及其与左心室短轴平面间的角度(θ),应用实时三维超声心动图测算左心室重构指数(LVRI)。结果与对照组比较,LCX/RCA组左心室前壁ε,LAD单支组下侧壁、下壁ε未见明显减低(P0.05),LCX/RCA组、LAD单支组、LAD多支组其余不同心肌节段ε明显减低(P0.05),且LCX/RCA组下侧壁、下壁θ,LAD单支组前间隔、前壁θ及多支组各部位θ明显升高(P0.05)。与对照组比较,LCX/RCA组、LAD单支组和LAD多支组整体ε、LVRI均显著降低,整体θ显著升高(P0.05)。LCX/RCA组、LAD单支组和多支组整体ε(r=-0.815,P=0.014;r=-0.747,P=0.031;r=-0.768,P=0.024)、θ(r=-0.719,P=0.043;r=-0.763,P=0.021;r=-0.753,P=0.029)均与LVRI呈显著负相关。结论老年AMI患者左心室心肌ε大小及θ能反映局部及整体的心肌应变能力,整体ε、θ与LVRI均呈负相关性。     

冠心病伴束支传导阻滞患者冠状动脉病变特点研究

目的 :探讨冠心病伴束支传导阻滞患者冠状动脉血管病变特点。方法 :回顾性分析冠心病伴束支传导阻滞患者 (束支阻滞组 ,39例 )及无束支阻滞的冠心病患者 (对照组 ,35 1例 )心电图束支阻滞有无与冠状动脉病变的对应关系。结果 :与对照组比较 ,束支阻滞组左主干、左回旋支 (LCX)及三支血管 [左前降支 (LAD)、LCX、右冠状动脉 (RCA)同时存在病变 ]发生病变比率增加 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 5 )。右束支传导阻滞(RBBB)者LAD及RCA发病率高 ,RBBB并发左前分支阻滞 (LAFB)者三支血管病变发生率增高 ,左束支传导阻滞 (LBBB)者LAD、LCX病变发生率高 ,LAFB者LAD病变发生率高 ,房室传导阻滞伴束支阻滞患者多为三支血管病变。结论 :冠心病伴束支阻滞预示冠状动脉病变广泛而严重 ,LBBB提示冠状动脉血管病变以左冠状动脉为主 ,RBBB提示冠状动脉血管病变多累及RCA及LAD ,如存在 2种以上阻滞 ,特别是并发有左前分支或房室阻滞时 ,多提示存在三支血管病变及左主干病变     

斑点追踪成像评价冠心病不同病变程度患者的左室扭转运动

目的应用斑点追踪成像技术评估冠心病不同病变程度患者的左室扭转运动的特点及规律性。方法我院拟诊为冠心病患者115例,根据冠状动脉造影检查分为病例组(91例,包括心肌梗死组60例及心肌缺血组31例)及对照组(24例),病例组至少有一条冠状动脉主要分支的狭窄率≥70%,对照组冠状动脉主要分支狭窄率d)及舒张末期内径(LVDs),Simpson法测得左室射血分数(LVEF),TDI测得二尖瓣瓣环收缩期运动速度(S’),运用斑点追踪成像技术分析软件测定左室的扭转运动,其参数为扭转角度及扭转率。结果心肌梗死组的LVDd、LVDs、LVEF、S’均较心肌缺血组及对照组明显减低,后两组之间的差异无统计学意义。心肌梗死组及心肌缺血组的左室扭转角度(6.92±3.28,11.65±2.70 vs 17.16±5.42)及扭转率(45.78±19.36,72.68±20.77 vs 99.51±32.13)均较对照组明显降低(P值均<0.05);心肌梗死组较心肌缺血组降低更显著(P值均P<0.05),后两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论冠心病患者的病变程度越严重,其左室整体的扭转运动减低越明显,以广泛前壁心肌梗死组减低显著。与常规超声检测的左室收缩功能参数相比较,左室扭转运动参数能更敏感地反映心肌梗死的范围和程度及心功能状态。     

罪犯血管对行分期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗完全血运重建合并多支冠状动脉病变急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者预后的预测价值

目的 探讨罪犯血管对行分期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)完全血运重建合并多支冠状动脉病变急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者预后的预测价值。方法 纳入行分期PCI完全血运重建合并多支冠状动脉病变急性STEMI患者163例，根据罪犯血管不同将其分为左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)组64例、左冠状动脉回旋支(LCX)组32例和右冠状动脉(RCA)组67例。比较3组患者的临床资料，随访其PCI后2年主要不良心脏事件(MACE)和支架内血栓的发生情况，主要研究终点为Kaplan-Meier估计的MACE,并进行组间比较。采用Cox回归模型分析MACE的预测因素。结果 3组患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)比较差异有统计学意义，其中LAD组低于RCA组(P<0.05)。3组患者2年预期MACE发生率比较差异有统计学意义(Log-rank P=0.049),其中LAD组患者2年预期MACE发生率高于RCA组(Log-rank P=0.020)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示，罪犯血管、主动脉球囊反搏、LVEF及胸痛发作时间均为行分期PCI完全血运重建合并多支冠状动脉病变急性STEMI患者PCI后2...     

二维纵向应变对室壁运动正常患者冠状动脉左主干和三支病变的预测价值

目的:应用二维斑点追踪显像(2D-STI)技术评价室壁运动正常的不同程度冠状动脉病变患者左心室心肌纵向应变,探讨不同应变参数对冠状动脉左主干和三支病变的预测价值。方法:选取92例可疑冠心病患者,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为:冠心病高危组(左主干或三支病变)24例,冠心病低危组(单支或双支病变)36例和对照组(无冠心病)32例。应用自动功能成像技术获取左心室基底段纵向应变、中间段纵向应变、心尖段纵向应变、基底段+中间段纵向应变以及左心室整体纵向应变。比较三组间各常规超声参数和二维纵向应变参数的差异,利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各应变参数对冠状动脉左主干和三支病变的预测价值。结果:随着冠状动脉病变程度加重,对照组、冠心病低危组、冠心病高危组的左心室基底段纵向应变、中间段纵向应变、心尖段纵向应变、基底段+中间段纵向应变以及左心室整体纵向应变均逐渐减低,上述指标冠心病低危组均低于对照组,冠心病高危组均低于冠心病低危组(P均0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示,左心室基底段+中间段纵向应变预测冠状动脉左主干和三支病变的曲线下面积最大,为0.870,最佳界值为-18.1%(敏感度83.3%,特异度76.5%)。结论:在静息状态下室壁运动正常的冠心病患者中,左心室各水平及整体纵向应变随冠状动脉病变程度加重逐渐减低,二维纵向应变可较敏感地发现心肌缺血,左心室基底段+中间段纵向应变对冠状动脉左主干及三支病变的预测价值最大。     

三维超声斑点追踪技术在不同冠状动脉狭窄程度患者心肌收缩功能评估中的价值

目的探讨三维超声斑点追踪技术(3D-STI)对不同冠状动脉狭窄程度患者心肌收缩功能的评估价值。方法接受冠状动脉造影检查确认存在冠状动脉狭窄的患者133例,根据冠状动脉造影病变动脉支数分为单支病变组、多支病变组,根据各节段动脉对应的冠状动脉狭窄程度分为五组(0级组、1级组、2级组、3级组、4级组),另选择同期体检健康人50例作为对照组;比较各组3D-STI检查结果,各节段的心肌节段径向收缩期峰值应变率(RS)和径向应变达峰时间(TRS)。结果单支病变组、多支病变组和对照组左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、每搏量(SV)、心输出量(CO)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),单支病变组、多支病变组二尖瓣口血流速度E峰与A峰比值(E/A)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),多支病变组E/A显著低于单支病变组(P<0.05);随冠状动脉狭窄级别增高,室壁节段RS显著降低(P<0.05),与0级组比较,3、4级组不同节段RS显著降低(P<0.05),0级组与1级组不同节段RS比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);4级组不同节段RS显著低于3级组、2级组、1级组和0级组(P<0.05);与0级组比较,2、3级组不同节段TRS显著延长(P<0.05),0级组与1级组不同节段TRS比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);4级组部分节段TRS较3级组提前(P<0.05)。结论 3D-STI可以评价不同冠状动脉狭窄程度患者心肌收缩能力,对冠心病的早期诊断具有一定价值。     

右冠状动脉狭窄程度对左冠状动脉狭窄患者左室射血分数的影响

目的研究右冠状动脉不同程度狭窄对左冠状动脉狭窄患者左室射血分数（LVEF）的影响。方法根据左冠状动脉病变部位不同,将1 000例左冠状动脉狭窄患者分为左前降支（LAD）狭窄,左回旋支（LCX）狭窄,左主干（LM）狭窄,左前降支+左回旋支（LAD+LCX）狭窄4个系列。每个系列再根据右冠状动脉（RCA）病变程度不同分为RCA正常组（直径狭窄<50%）、RCA非闭塞组（99%>直径狭窄≥50%）和RCA闭塞组（直径狭窄≥99%）,比较分析3组间LVEF的差异。结果在LAD,LCX,LM,LAD+LCX狭窄时,与RCA正常组LVEF相比,RCA非闭塞组LVEF分别下降0.9%,0.3%,3.4%和2.8%;RCA闭塞组LVEF分别下降10.9%,3.7%,6.5%和5.2%。LAD狭窄时,RCA非闭塞组和RCA闭塞组之间LVEF有统计学差异（P<0.01）。结论右冠状动脉病变可在左冠状动脉狭窄的基础上使左室射血分数进一步下降;当左冠状动脉狭窄为闭塞性病变时,影响更为明显。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。     

辽宁省城市体检人群代谢综合征肾脏损害调查研究

目的:探讨沈阳市代谢综合征(MS)人群肾脏损害情况。方法:选取辽宁省城市体检人群与社区人群进行分层抽样调查,共调查2000人,其中体检人群1000人,社区人群1000人(来自辽宁省各城市)。根据MS的诊断标准,研究对象被分为超重肥胖组(460人)和正常体重组(1540人),高血糖组(140人)和正常血糖组(1860人),高血压组(399人)和正常血压组(1601人),血脂异常组(486人)和血脂正常组(1514人),比较各分组间肾脏损害的患病率。结果:调查人群中肾脏损害患病率为15%,男性与女性之比为1:1。超重肥胖组和非超重肥胖组肾脏损害患病率分别为10%和1%;高血糖组和正常血糖组肾脏损害患病率分别为10%和1%;高血压组和正常血压组肾脏损害患病率分别为10%和2%;血脂异常组和血脂正常组肾脏损害患病率分别为10%和1%,以上两组间比较差异均有显著性(P0.01)。结论:辽宁省城市代谢综合征患者的肾脏损害患病率较正常人群显著升高。