心脏手术中温血心脏停搏液微流量连灌心肌保护效果的研究

为提高心脏手术中心保护的效果，将20例风湿性心瓣膜病手术患者随机分为温血组与冷血组。温血组术中采用温血心脏停搏液微流量连续灌注，冷血采用冷血心脏停搏液间断灌注行心肌保护。检测两组体外循环主动脉开放后即刻，主动脉开放后6、12、24、72小时血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）值；术中切取心房肌肉标本，电镜下观察超微结构变化，对比评价心肌保护效果。结果术前及主动脉开放即刻两组血清cTnI无显著性差异（P＞0．05）；主动脉开放后6、12、24、72小时温血组cTnI均显著低于冷血组，P＜0．01；超微结构检测示温血组心肌纤维及线粒体损伤显著轻于冷血组。认为温血心脏停搏液微流量连灌的心肌保护效果优于冷血心脏停搏液间断灌注。     

温、冷血停搏液间断灌注在瓣膜置换术中的心肌保护作用

目的比较体外循环下温血停搏液间断灌注与冷血停搏液间断灌注在瓣膜置换术中的心肌保护作用.方法36例心脏瓣膜置换术患者被随机分为温血间断灌注组(n=18)和冷血间断灌注组(n=18),分别于体外循环前,主动脉开放后30分钟、6小时、24小时采集动脉血,测血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)浓度.二尖瓣置换患者在主动脉开放时从冠状静脉窦抽取静脉血,检测乳酸浓度.部分患者于主动脉阻断前,开放后30分钟分别取右心房组织,透射电镜观察心肌超微结构.结果瓣膜置换术中温血停搏液间断灌注的心肌保护作用与冷血停搏液间断灌注近似,具有临床应用价值.两组各时间点血清cTnI浓度组间差异无显著性,温血间断灌注组冠状静脉窦血乳酸浓度高于冷血间断灌注组(P＜0.05),两组心肌超微结构变化近似.结论瓣膜置换术中温血停搏液间断灌注的心肌保护作用与冷血停搏液间断灌注近似,具有临床应用价值.     

冷血停跳加温血诱导、复苏再灌注的心肌保护价值

目的；评价体外循环间断冷血停跳液加温血诱导复苏再灌注在心脏瓣膜置换术中心肌保护的价值。方法：在90例心脏瓣膜置换术中分别采用冷血停跳液加温血诱导复苏再灌注（Ⅰ组）和冷晶体灌注（Ⅱ组），每组各45例，比较其心肌保护疗效。Ⅰ组先用高钾温血停跳液（35℃）诱导心脏停跳。再用冷血低钾停跳液（4－8℃）每15－20分钟灌注1次，保持心肌低温（10℃－15℃），复跳前再用含低钾温血灌注。Ⅱ组应用4℃冷晶体停跳液灌注，每间隔20分钟灌注1次。结果：Ⅰ组心脏自动自动复跳率明显高于Ⅱ组（P＜0．001）；术后应用正性肌力药物剂量及时间明显于Ⅱ组（P＜0．05）；术后低心排症发生率明显低于Ⅱ组（P＜0．05）；在主动脉开放30分钟后Ⅰ组的cTnT,CK-MB及MDA水平升高明显低于Ⅱ组（P＜0．05）。结论：采用冷血停跳液加温血诱导、复苏再灌注技术，可明显减轻心肌再灌注损伤，使术后心功能恢复加快，具有良好的心肌保护作用。     

氧合温血持续灌注与冷氧合血间歇灌注心肌保护作用的对比研究

作者在实验研究的基础上，选择了临床资料相近似的心脏瓣膜病患者２０例，根据术中使用心脏停搏液不同，随机分为二组：①冷氧合血间歇灌注组；②持续温血停搏液组。观察了心肌能量代谢变化及血浆磷酸肌酸激酶同功酶的改变；同时亦进行了临床资料观察。结果表明：持续灌注温血停搏技术可以充分保证心肌在常温停跳时的氧供，保存和增加心肌能量的储备，避免了心肌缺血缺氧期，是一种比较理想的心肌保护法。     

一体化综合性心肌保护对婴幼儿心肌超微结构的保护

目的：观察一体化综合性心肌保护方法对婴幼儿心肌超微结构的影响以评价其心肌保护效果。方法：30例复杂先天性心脏病患儿随机分成一体化综合性心肌保护组（综合组，含温血停搏液诱导停搏，冷血停搏液间歇灌注和终末温血灌注液复苏）、冷血停搏液间断灌注组（冷血组），及冷晶体停搏液间断灌注组（冷晶组），各10例。于心脏停跳即刻、缝合右心房切口前分别取小块右心房肌肉作光镜及电镜观察，并对线粒体、细胞核、肌纤维进行定量评估。结果：三组心肌均存在不同程度的损伤，冷晶组最重，综合组最轻。心肌超微结构评分在三组之间两两比较较有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论：一体化综合性心肌保护作用优于冷血停搏液和冷晶体停搏液。     

温血间断灌注在心脏瓣膜置换术中的心肌保护作用的探讨

目的 探讨温血停跳液间断灌注心肌保护方法在心脏瓣膜置换手术中的应用效果.方法 在154例心脏瓣膜置换术中,采用温血停跳液间断灌注(A组)80例,冷晶体停跳液间断灌注(B组)74例,观察比较两组的体外循环(CPB)时间、主动脉阻断时间、主动脉开放后心脏自动复跳率、呼吸机辅助时间、术后低心排发生率、ICU时间、术后住院天数、正性肌力药物使用情况及术中后各时间点的心肌酶学指标.结果 两组CPB时间、主动脉阻断时间、ICU时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).而A组主动脉开放后心脏自动复跳率较高,呼吸机辅助时间、术后低心排发生率、术后住院天数、正性肌力药物使用量及时间明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后4 h和24 h,温血停跳液间断灌注组心肌酶指标较低(P<0.05).两组患者均痊愈出院,随访3个月至5年,心功能恢复良好.结论 温血停跳液间断灌注比冷晶体停跳液间断灌注具有更好的心肌保护效果.     

氨基酸盐温血停搏液诱导及末次再灌注对风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术的心肌保护作用

目的观察天门冬氨酸盐(A)和谷氨酸盐(G)对风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术心肌的保护作用。方法采用含A,G各13mmol/L的温血停搏液诱导心脏停搏与末次再灌注结合传统冷晶体心停搏液心肌保护法作为观察组,与观察组相同但不含氨基酸盐的温血停搏液组为对照组②,仅用单纯冷晶体心停搏液组为对照组①,对心肌保护法进行比较。结果观察组自动复跳和房颤转窦率明显较对照组①高(P<0.01),心肌释放肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)少(P<0.01)。结论氨基酸盐温血停搏液诱导及末次再灌注心肌保护法明显优于传统的冷晶体心停搏液心肌保护法。     

常温体外循环温血心停搏液持续灌注心肌保护的实验研究

目的　为了探讨常温体外循环温血心停搏液持续灌注心肌保护的机理。方法　１５ 条犬随机分成三组,在体外循环下分别灌注三种不同的心停搏液,对三种不同的心肌保护方法进行对比观察。结果　温血心停搏液灌注液（Ｃ组） 的ＣＫ－ ＭＢ、ＬＤＨ、ＭＤＡ 及钙离子含量在心脏再灌注３０ｍｉｎ 时均明显低于冷晶体（Ａ 组） 及冷血心停搏液灌注组（Ｂ组）（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５）;而ＡＴＰ 含量则明显高于Ａ、Ｂ 两组（ Ｐ＜０－０５）。心肌超微结构检查也显示Ｃ组心肌无明显缺血损伤。结论　常温体外循环温血心停搏液持续灌注心肌保护的效果良好。     

温氧合血连灌与冷晶体液间灌的血清cTnI变化比较

为探索温血连灌的心肌保护机制,对温血连灌与冷晶体液间灌的血清肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)变化进行了对比研究,将风心瓣膜病患者20例,随机分为冷晶体液组(冷晶组)及温血组。冷晶组采用含钾冷晶体液主动脉根部间断灌注,首次剂量15ml/kg,每30分钟重复灌注一次,剂量减半。温血组采用氧合温血含钾停搏液连续灌注,开始剂量为8ml/(kg·min),心脏停搏后按0.2ml/(min·kg)持续灌注。分别于麻醉前、主动脉开放、术后6、12、24、72小时采集静脉血,用双抗体固相夹心放免法测定血清cTnI浓度。结果两组麻醉前cTnI无明显差异(P>0.05),以后各时间点冷晶组均较温血组含量增高(P<0.01)。认为温血组与冷晶组比较,能明显减轻体外循环过程中的心肌损伤,起到保护心肌的作用。     

温血诱导心脏停搏和主动脉开放前温血灌注的心肌保护作用

将１５只犬随机分为低温心脏停搏（下简称停搏）、主动脉开放前温血灌注、常温停搏十主动脉开放前温血灌注３组。结果发现低温诱导停搏对心肌代谢、心脏收缩及舒张功能的保护均不理想，主动脉开放前温血灌注能改善低温停搏的保护效果，但对冠状循环及舒张功能的保护仍不完善，常温停搏十主动脉开放前温血灌注能较完善的保护心肌代谢、心脏收缩及舒张功能。     

温下法与温涩法对溃疡性结肠炎外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

[目的]探讨温下法与温涩法在溃疡性结肠炎（UC）细胞免疫调节方面的不同作用机制。[方法]采用流式细胞仪三色标记法检测治疗前后温下组、温涩组和对照组的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的水平，比较3组治疗前后的变化。[结果]治疗前，温下组、温涩组和对照组外周血CD8^＋细胞绝对计数均显著高于正常参考值（P〈0．05），CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值均显著低于正常参考值（P〈0．05）；温下组与对照组外周血CD3^＋、CD4^＋细胞绝对计数亦显著高于正常参考值（P〈0．05）。治疗后，温下组外周血CD3^＋、CD4^＋与CD8^＋细胞绝对计数变化差值均显著高于温涩组与对照组（P〈0．01）；温涩组外周血CD3^＋与CD8^＋细胞绝对计数变化差值均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值变化差值高于温下组与对照组（P〈0．05）。[结论]①UC患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化总体以CD8^＋细胞水平升高及CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值下降为主，而CD4^＋细胞绝对数增多与其活动性有关。②温涩法不但能显著降低CD3^＋细胞计数和CD8^＋细胞计数，还能提高CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值；温下法能显著降低CD3^＋、CD4^＋与CD8^＋细胞计数，但不能提高CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值。     

Two cases of refractory warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia treated with rituximab

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is thought to be mediated via auto-antibodies produced by lymphoid B cells. This may be an idiopathic process or secondary to an underlying infection or lymphoproliferative disorder. Conventional treatment comprises immunosuppression with corticosteroids and, in some cases, splenectomy. A proportion of patients require lifelong immunosuppression to maintain disease remission. Monoclonal antibody rituximab has gained widespread acceptance in the management of B-cell malignancies. Additionally, it has been used to treat disorders associated with auto-antibody production, such as cold hemagglutinin disease, immune thrombocytopenia, and Evans syndrome. Its use in the treatment of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the setting of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation as well as in patients with an underlying lymphoproliferative disease has also been reported. We report herein the successful use of rituximab in the treatment of two patients with idiopathic refractory warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, who are still in remission at 15 and 9 months following treatment.     

Relation between duration and intensity of first exercise and "warm up" in ischaemic heart disease

OBJECTIVE—To determine the importance of the duration and intensity of "warm up" exercise for reducing ischaemia during second exercise in patients with exertional angina.
DESIGN—Randomised crossover comparison of three warm up exercise protocols.
PATIENTS—18 subjects with stable ischaemic heart disease and > 0.1 mV ST segment depression on treadmill exercise testing.
INTERVENTIONS—The warm up protocols were 20 minutes of slow exercise at 2.7 km/h, symptom limited graded exercise for a mean of 7.4 (range 5.0 to 10.5) minutes, and three minutes of symptom limited fast exercise of similar maximum intensity.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES—ST segment depression during graded treadmill exercise undertaken 10 minutes after each warm up protocol or no warm up exercise.
RESULTS—Compared with exercise with no warm up, the duration of graded exercise after earlier slow warm up increased by 4.9% (95% confidence interval (CI), −3.3% to 13.7%), after graded warm up by 10.3% (95% CI, 5.6% to 15.2%), and after fast warm up by 16% (95% CI, 6.2% to 26.7%). ST segment depression at equivalent submaximal exercise decreased after slow warm up by 27% (95% CI, 5% to 44%), after graded warm up by 31% (95% CI, 17% to 44%), and after fast warm up by 47% (95% CI, 27% to 61%). Compared with slow warm up exercise, the more intense graded and fast warm up protocols significantly increased the duration of second exercise (p = 0.0072) and reduced both peak ST depression (p = 0.0026) and the rate of increase of ST depression (p = 0.0069).
CONCLUSIONS—In patients with exertional angina the size of the warm up response is related to the maximum intensity rather than the duration of first exercise.


     

Development of Measurement Equipment and Experimental and Numerical Simulation Studies for Warm Forming Limits of High-Strength Steel

This paper describes the research and development of a set of measurement equipment for the warm forming limits of high-strength steel based on the Nakazima bulging test method and the digital image correlation method. The equipment could provide an argon shield and a water-cooling atmosphere, as well as two heating options: heating the specimen, dies, and environment to the test temperature simultaneously or heating the specimen to the test temperature at a higher speed than that for the dies and environment. The equipment was applied to measure the forming limit curves for high-strength DP600 steel at room temperature and at the temperature of 300 °C to verify its performance. The DYNAFORM software was then applied for the digital simulation of the bulging test method. A new limit-strain-fitting method was proposed to eliminate the impact of the distorted grid on the digital simulation process. The change trend of the forming limit curve acquired in the test had sound consistency with the test results.     

Calcium mobilization in liver transplantation graft with warm ischemia

The influence of warm ischemia on calcium mobilization in liver transplantation was investigated. Twenty-four porcine orthotopic liver transplantations were performed by a temporary portal arterialization technique. Swine were divided into three groups according to warm ischemia time; I (0 min,n=9), II (30 min,n=8), and III (60min,n=7). Ionized calcium was measured in arterial and hepatic venous blood, in initial perfusate, and in initial perfused blood. In group I, all the pigs survived, while in group III all succumbed. In group II, four survived and four died. Ionized calcium level in influx showed no differences, but the level in the initial perfusate in group I was significantly higher than that in group III. The level in the initial perfused blood in group I was significantly higher than levels in groups II and III. Retrospective analysis in group II showed that ionized calcium value in the initial perfused blood in the survivors was significantly higher than that in the non-survivors. A substantial amount of ionized calcium accumulated after revascularization in the graft loaded with warm ischemia, and, in group II, significantly more ionized calcium accumulated in the non-survivors.     

Correlation with spontaneous pneumothorax and weather change,especially warm front approaching

BackgroundPrimary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) occurs more frequently in young, tall men, with approximately 10,000 times video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) annually in Japan is undergoing for surgical treatment. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear, but several reports have suggested correlation with weather conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between onset of PSP and changes in weather.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 112 patients who underwent VATS for PSP in Iwate, Japan from 1 January 2010 to 14 June 2020. Of the 3,818 days in this study period, the day on which the patient became aware of symptoms was classified as the PSP onset day (n=112), and all others were classified as PSP non-onset day (n=3,706). Meteorological data were collected from airbase station using an online source for the same place and same time. Logistic regression modeling was used to obtain predicted risks for the onset of PSP with respect to weather conditions.ResultsAmong the meteorological parameters, significant differences were mainly found at 2 days before onset for increasing average temperature [odds ratio (OR): 1.97, P=0.018], minimum temperature (OR: 1.97, P=0.018), average humidity (OR: 1.58, P=0.043), and decreased the sunshine time (OR: 2.26, P=0.012). No significant difference was observed in atrophic pressure at 2 days before onset.ConclusionsOnset of PSP may correlate with the increased temperature and humidity, seen with an approaching of warm front.     

The use of high-dose melatonin in liver resection is safe: first clinical experience

Abstract: Experimental data suggest that melatonin decreases inflammatory changes after major liver resection, thus positively influencing the postoperative course. To assess the safety of a preoperative single dose of melatonin in patients undergoing major liver resection, a randomized controlled double‐blind pilot clinical trial with two parallel study arms was designed at the Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Ruprecht‐Karls‐University, Heidelberg. A total of 307 patients, who were referred for liver surgery, were screened. One hundred and thirteen patients, for whom a major liver resection (≥3 segments) was scheduled, were eligible. Sixty‐three eligible patients refused to participate, and therefore, 50 patients were randomized. A preoperative single dose of melatonin (50 mg/kg BW) dissolved in 250 mL of milk was administered through the gastric tube after the intubation for general anesthesia. Controls were given the same amount of microcrystalline cellulose. Primary endpoint was safety. Secondary endpoints were postoperative complications. Melatonin was effectively absorbed with serum concentrations of 1142.8 ± 7.2 ng/mL (mean ± S.E.M.) versus 0.3 ± 7.8 ng/mL in controls (P < 0.0001). Melatonin treatment resulted in lower postoperative transaminases over the study period (P = 0.6). There was no serious adverse event in patients after melatonin treatment. A total of three infectious complications occurred in either group. A total of eight noninfectious complications occurred in five control patients, whereas three noninfectious complications occurred in three patients receiving preoperative melatonin (P = 0.3). There was a trend toward shorter ICU stay and total hospital stay after melatonin treatment. Therefore, a single preoperative enteral dose of melatonin is effectively absorbed and is safe and well tolerated in patients undergoing major liver surgery.     

Energy metabolism and survival of liver grafts from non-heart-beating donor rats with warm ischemia injury

Introduction The quality of liver graft is a key factor for liver transplantation. Organs from non- heart-beating donors (NHBDs) seem to bean effective option to alleviate the problem of liver donor shortage.[1-3] However, the main obstacle to the use of livers from NHBDs is that warm ischemia injury to the liver is related to cardiac arrest.[4-6] Moreover, in liver transplantation, the allograft sustains inevitable cold ischemia in addition to re- warming injury during liver reperfusion. …     

Effects of cold preservation and warm reperfusion on rat fatty liver

INTRODUCTION Although liver transplantation for irreversible liver diseases is increasingly prevalent worldwide, patient die while waiting for donors because of organ shortages. One important problem commonly encountered is that fatty livers often affect the outcome of liver transplantation. It is reported that the incidence of abnormal fatty livers in autopsies after accidental death ranged from 15% to 24%.Since fatty livers may result in a primary nonfunction (PNF) liver graft, which contributes to an increased risk of mortality[1], they are usually out of consideration in liver transplantation.However, some fatty livers can be successfully transplanted. Therefore, how to choose fatty livers as donor organs correctly is the crux of success in liver transplantation.     

温血停搏液连续灌注对心肌保护作用的实验研究

本实验采用离休鼠心模型，比较并评定了冷晶体停搏液和温血停搏液对心肌保护的效果。结果表明：温血停搏液连续灌注有明显加强心肌保护的作用，对高体鼠心准注能减少心肌细胞CK和CK—MB的漏出，加强心肌细胞内ATP含量的储存，增加心肌细胞内线粒体的比表面，降低线粒体的平均分数，其效果明显优于冷晶体停搏液。