Causes of vitreous hemorrhage

It is often a challenge for the ophthalmologist to find the underlying cause of a vitreous hemorrhage. Unless clinical signs clearly point in another direction, the first suspicion should always be a posterior vitreous detachment causing a retinal tear. The other two major causes, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion, remain common complications in spite of recent years' improvement in retinal treatment. Macroaneurysm is one of the most often overlooked causes of vitreous hemorrhage. An ocular tumor sometimes presents with a vitreous hemorrhage. In all cases of dense vitreous hemorrhages, the use of diagnostic ultrasonography is mandatory.     

玻璃体积血的分期治疗

目的:观察分期治疗玻璃体积血的疗效。方法:将玻璃体积血的病程分早、中、晚3个时期,早期急则治其标,以凉血止血为主;中期以活血化瘀为主;晚期以益气、活血、软坚散结为主。14d为一个疗程,共治疗2个疗程。主要观察视力,玻璃体积血的吸收情况。结果:分期治疗玻璃体积血总有效率88.5%。结论:分期治疗玻璃体积血疗效显著。     

Uveal melanomas and vitreous hemorrhage. Diagnosis and treatment

In choroidal melanoma vitreous hemorrhage can occur as initial event or as complication of conservative therapy. To understand better these relations, four groups of cases were examined: 1.) 126 choroidal melanomas which were treated conservatively with Cobalt 60 applicator from 1969 till 1984. 2.) 715 choroidal melanomas which have been treated with proton-beam from 1984 to 1989. 3.) 7 tumors or pseudotumors for which for diagnostic purposes a phosphorus 32 test was necessary. 4.) 9 choroid melanomas which had conservative treatment and where vitrectomy was realized. The multifactorial analysis gave the following results: in vitreous hemorrhages occurring before treatment the thickness of the tumor represents the significant factor. In vitreous hemorrhages which occur after conservative treatment there is in the group of cobalt applicators important irradiation of the disc, as well as the thickness of the tumor and the age of the patient in the group with proton-beam irradiation. Vitreous bleeding occurring before or after therapy does not influence the vital prognosis in a negative way. We present here a therapeutic concept in cases of vitreous bleeding in choroid melanoma which is based both on our experience and on the indications of literature.     

老年性黄斑变性所致大量视网膜下及玻璃体积血的手术治疗

目的 探讨老年性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)所致大量视网膜下及玻璃体积血的手术治疗的方法及疗效。 方法 回顾分析14例手术前后经荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography ,FFA)确诊为AMD所致的大量视网膜下及玻璃体积血患者的14只患眼,行经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切割、单个小切口的视网膜切开、用平衡盐液进行视网膜下冲洗、气液交换、视网膜切口的眼内激光光凝、气体或硅油填充等手术治疗后,随访3～7个月的临床资料。 结果 14只患眼中2只患眼术后眼球萎缩,占14.3%;12只患眼视力均获得不同程度的提高,占85.7%;最好的矫正视力为0.2;12只患眼术后随访时间内视网膜保持平复,占85.7%;4只患眼术后7 d内出现前房泥沙样积血,占28.6%,行1～3次前房冲洗术。 结论 玻璃体视网膜手术能有效清除AMD所致的视网膜下及玻璃体积血,对预防和治疗视网膜下及玻璃体积血所致的前房泥沙样积血、血影细胞性青光眼及视网膜脱离等有积极意义。(中华眼底病杂志,2000,16:217-219)     

引起玻璃体出血的视网膜裂孔激光治疗

目的探讨激光治疗伴玻璃体出血的视网膜裂孔的疗效。方法对26例伴玻璃体出血的视网膜裂孔的病例在表麻下行氩离子激光治疗,评估疗效。结果除1例因玻璃体出血量较多且裂孔周围浅脱离范围较大,激光治疗失败外,其余病人均获得满意的疗效,视力提高、玻璃体出血吸收、视网膜裂孔封闭良好。结论氩离子激光是治疗伴玻璃体出血的视网膜裂孔的有效方法。     

丹参注射液电离子导入治疗玻璃体积血的疗效观察

目的:探讨丹参注射液电离子导入疗法在玻璃体积血患者中的临床应用价值。方法:选取2012-06/2013-06我院收治的玻璃体积血患者88例88眼,随机将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组44例44眼。对照组患者采用血栓通的临床药物治疗方案,而观察组患者则在此基础之上加用丹参注射液电离子导入的临床药物治疗方案,并分别对两组患者的临床治疗情况和视力恢复情况进行深入细致的比较和分析。结果:观察组患者治愈率和总有效率分别为75%和95%,均显著高于对照组患者的59%和77%,差别均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组患者相比,观察组患者视力处于0.6～0.9之间的比率明显提高,而处于0.2以下的比率则显著降低,同时观察组患者的全血比黏度、血浆比黏度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原等相关指标均明显改善,差别均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:丹参注射液电离子导入疗法对于玻璃体积血患者临床治疗效果的提升以及视力功能的改善均具有积极的促进作用。     

玻璃体积血的形态结构与玻璃体后脱离的图像特征

目的探讨玻璃体积血的形态结构和治疗特点.方法对74例(79只眼)增生性糖尿病视网膜病变、视网膜血管炎、视网膜静脉阻塞所致玻璃体积血的临床资料进行比较分析.术前超声检查、术中手术显微镜观察患者的玻璃体形态特点,分析玻璃体与视网膜的关系.结果所有患者均有不同程度的玻璃体后脱离,根据图像的形态特征可归纳为完全后脱离和部分后脱离两种.部分后脱离又分为"V"型、"L"型及后部玻璃体劈裂型,劈裂型多见于视网膜缺血性疾病的增生期.结论了解和掌握玻璃体后脱离及玻璃体劈裂的形态特点,可提高手术治疗的成功率并改善其预后.     

玻璃体积血的病因分析及手术治疗的疗效

目的：探讨玻璃体积血的病因及行玻璃体切割术治疗的临床疗效。

方法：对162例173眼玻璃体积血患者进行病因分析,采用玻璃体切割术治疗。

结果：术后诊断：173眼中增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变83眼(48.0%),视网膜分支静脉阻塞24眼(13.9%),Eales病13眼(7.5%),视网膜中央静脉阻塞10眼(5.8%),外伤性玻璃体积血9眼(5.2%),视网膜裂孔8眼(4.6%),视网膜脱离9眼(5.2%),增生性玻璃体视网膜病变7眼(4.0%),单纯玻璃体积血4眼(2.3%),视网膜大动脉瘤2眼(1.2%),息肉样脉络膜血管病变2眼(1.2%),脉络膜视网膜炎1眼(0.6%),年龄相关性黄斑病变1眼(0.6%)。不同年龄病因分布不同,术后随访3～15mo,术前与术后视力相比,41眼(23.7%)视力不变,115眼(66.5%)视力提高,17眼(9.8%)视力下降。术后视力与术前相比差异具有统计学意义( P<0.05)。

结论：增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变、视网膜分支静脉阻塞、Eales 病是导致玻璃体积血的主要原因。玻璃体切割联合术手术并发症少,能在一定程度上提高患者视力,是治疗玻璃体积血安全有效的方法。     

Lens-sparing vitreous surgery for infantile amblyogenic vitreous hemorrhage

PURPOSE: To report on a series of infants with amblyogenic vitreous and/or subinternal limiting membrane hemorrhage managed by lens-sparing vitrectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective case series studying retinal attachment status and visual acuity. RESULTS: Eleven eyes sustained vitreous hemorrhage as a consequence of shaken baby syndrome, 1 due to hyaloidal canal hemorrhage extending into the vitreous, 1 due to Terson syndrome, 1 due to birth trauma, and 2 due to a presumed coagulation disorder. Age of the patients at the time of surgery ranged from 2 to 23 months (age adjusted for prematurity). Follow-up ranged from 7 to 81 months (mean, 28 months). Ten eyes had visual improvement. Two infants with shaken baby syndrome had bilateral nonrecordable flash visual evoked potential before surgery; one eye of one infant had a better than expected visual outcome after surgery. One eye sustained a retinal tear without detachment. One eye in an infant with severe shaken baby syndrome and traumatic retinopathy developed a total rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Infantile amblyogenic vitreous hemorrhage may be effectively managed by lens-sparing vitreous surgery. Visual outcome of shaken baby syndrome may be limited as a consequence of structural damage to the retina, optic nerve, or posterior visual pathways.     

纤维蛋白溶酶联合透明质酸酶治疗玻璃体积血的实验研究

目的研究纤维蛋白溶酶联合透明质酸酶对玻璃体积血的治疗效果。设计实验性研究。研究对象40只兔（40眼）。方法将40只兔随机分为A、B、C、D组,每组10只,右眼作为实验眼。取自体耳缘静脉血0．1ml注射入玻璃体腔内形成玻璃体积血模型,24小时后A组玻璃体腔内注射纤维蛋白溶酶1u＋透明质酸酶20U（0．1m1）;B组纤维蛋白溶酶1U（0．1m1）;C组透明质酸酶20U（0．1m1）;D组BSS溶液0．1ml。术后7天内行间接检眼镜对眼底各象限透明度观察并分级,各象限分级数值总和为玻璃体积血指数,评价玻璃体积血吸收情况;行B超、扫描电镜检查玻璃体后脱离（PVD）发生情况。主要指标玻璃体积血指数、完全性玻璃体后脱离发生率。结果注射后7天各组玻璃体积血指数中位数及四分位间距分别为：A组4（2～5．25）;B组7（6～8）;C组10（10～11）;D组12（10～12）。各组玻璃体积血指数两两比较A组与B、C、D组的差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.01）。B超显示各组完全性PVD发生率：A组10例（100％）,B组8例（80％）,C组及D组均未发生。结论1U纤维蛋白溶酶联合20U透明质酸酶玻璃体内联合注射可有效促进玻璃体内积血团块的分解,并可有效地液化玻璃体诱导PVD,加速血液的播散和吸收。     

Cryotherapy in the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage of various origin]

In 54 eyes from the same number of patients transconjunctival cryotherapy was performed (12 points and 8-10 circular ones in the outer retinal periphery) to influence the absorption of vitreous haemorrhages of different aetiology. The most frequent cause was the proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy (53.7%) and vascular changes in atherosclerosis (39%). Haemorrhage of the vitreous persisted on average for five months. Eight months after the intervention complete or partial reabsorption led to improvement of the eyesight in 74% of the patients, no change was recorded in 16.6% and further deterioration occurred in 9.4%. No serious per- or postoperative complications were recorded, the method is unpretentious, can be used in ambulatory patients, it is repeatable and suitable also as preparation before vitreous surgery.