Involved-field radiotherapy for patients in partial remission after chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma

PURPOSE: The use of radiotherapy in patients with advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to describe the role of radiotherapy in patients with advanced HL who were in partial remission (PR) after chemotherapy. METHODS: In a prospective randomized trial, patients <70 years old with previously untreated Stage III-IV HL were treated with six to eight cycles of mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone/doxorubicin, bleomycine, vinblastine hybrid chemotherapy. Patients in complete remission (CR) after chemotherapy were randomized between no further treatment and involved-field radiotherapy (IF-RT). Those in PR after six cycles received IF-RT (30 Gy to originally involved nodal areas and 18-24 Gy to extranodal sites with or without a boost). RESULTS: Of 739 enrolled patients, 57% were in CR and 33% in PR after chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 7.8 years. Patients in PR had bulky mediastinal involvement significantly more often than did those in CR after chemotherapy. The 8-year event-free survival and overall survival rate for the 227 patients in PR who received IF-RT was 76% and 84%, respectively. These rates were not significantly different from those for CR patients who received IF-RT (73% and 78%) or for those in CR who did not receive IF-RT (77% and 85%). The incidence of second malignancies in patients in PR who were treated with IF-RT was similar to that in nonirradiated patients. CONCLUSION: Patients in PR after six cycles of mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone/doxorubicine, bleomycine, vinblastine treated with IF-RT had 8-year event-free survival and overall survival rates similar to those of patients in CR, suggesting a definite role for RT in these patients.     

Early locoregional high-dose radiotherapy is associated with long-term disease control in localized primary angiocentric lymphoma of the nose and nasopharynx.

Nasal NK/T cell is a rare form of usually localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) which generally carries a poor prognosis when treated with conventional NHL chemotherapy protocols. We reviewed 20 consecutive localized stage I/II nasal NK/T cell lymphomas treated at our institution over a 29 year period. Median age was 44 (range 23-71). Front-line therapy was generally radiotherapy alone (35-70 Gy) before 1980 and combination chemotherapy after 1980. Six patients were treated with first-line radiotherapy and they achieved complete remission (CR). Two subsequently received combination chemotherapy. Five of those patients remained in complete remission, after 97+ to 277+ months. Twelve patients were treated with first-line chemotherapy including CHOP or CHOP-like regimen in seven cases, and COP in five cases. Only three of them achieved CR, five had partial response and four had progressive disease. Five of the seven patients treated with CHOP did not achieve complete remission. The nine patients who failed to achieve CR with chemotherapy subsequently received salvage radiotherapy but only two of them obtained CR. Finally, two patients were treated with alternated chemotherapy and radiotherapy and achieved CR, which persisted after 14+ and 26+ months. Median survival was not reached in patients who received front-line radiotherapy, and was 35 months in patients who received front-line chemotherapy. These findings confirm that chemotherapy gives a low complete remission rate in localized nasal NK/T cell lymphoma. By contrast, first-line radiotherapy seems to give favorable results, whereas its results are poorer when administered after resistance to chemotherapy. Whether the use of chemotherapy after radiotherapy, or alternated chemotherapy-radiotherapy regimens give better clinical results than radiotherapy alone will have to be evaluated prospectively in this type of NHL.     

Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy in limited-stage diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study 1484.

PURPOSE: To compare low-dose (30 Gy) radiotherapy (RT) with observation (OBS) in limited-stage aggressive lymphoma patients achieving complete remission (CR) after chemotherapy, and to measure conversion from partial response (PR) to CR with high-dose (40 Gy) RT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1984 to 1992, stage I (with risk factors) and II adults with diffuse aggressive lymphoma in CR after eight cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) were randomly assigned to 30 Gy involved-field RT or OBS. PR patients received 40 Gy RT. RESULTS: Among 172 CR patients, the 6-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 73% for low-dose RT versus 56% for OBS (two-sided P = .05). Failure-free survival (two-sided P = .06), and time to progression (two-sided P = .06) also favored RT. Intent-to-treat analyses yielded similar results. No survival differences were observed. Three RT versus 15 OBS patients relapsed in initial disease sites. At 6 years, failure-free survival was 63% in PR patients; conversion to CR did not significantly influence clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: For patients in CR after CHOP, low-dose RT prolonged DFS and provided local control, but no survival benefit was observed. The majority of PR patients were event-free at 6 years despite residual radiographic abnormalities. Future efforts should be directed toward improved imaging and more effective systemic therapies.     

Combined chemoradiation for the management of nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma: elucidating the significance of systemic chemotherapy

The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and treatment outcome of CHOP and CHOP combined with nitrosourea chemotherapy in natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma of the nasal cavity. Sixty-three patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma of the nasal cavity were treated with CHOP or CHOP combined with oral nitrosourea chemotherapy between January 1997 and June 2005. By the Ann Arbor Lymphoma Staging Classification, 57 patients (90%) had Stage IE or IIE disease and six patients (10%) had Stage III or IV disease. All patients with Stage IE or IIE disease were intended to be treated curatively with combined chemoradiation; and patients who had Stage III or IV disease were treated with chemotherapy alone with curative intention. Chemotherapy consisted of: (1) up to six cycles of the standard CHOP based regimen, or (2) up to six cycles of the standard CHOP based regimen with oral Semustine dosed at 120 mg (or Lomustine dosed at 100mg) on day 1 of each chemotherapy cycle. External beam radiation therapy was delivered by daily conventional fractionation by Co-60 or 6MVx linear accelerator for patients with Stage IE or IIE disease. The radiation dose to the tumor bed was between 36 and 50 Gy with a median dose of 45 Gy. Fifty-three patients received chemotherapy prior to radiation, and four patients were treated with involved field radiation before chemotherapy. The median follow up for all 44 surviving patients was 31 months (range: 6-104 months). The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 60% and 70%, respectively. The PFS and OS of patients who were treated with or without oral nitrosourea in addition to CHOP were 73% vs. 44% (P=0.035) and 75% vs. 64% (P=0.276), respectively. Nine patients with Stage IE or IIE diseases developed disease progression during their planned treatment and died within 10 months after the initiation of treatment; Six patients who achieved complete response (CR) after planned chemoradiation developed systemic recurrence and died at 13-48 months despite salvage treatment; one patient died of Hemophagocytic Syndrome during radiotherapy after achieving CR from chemotherapy. Three patients with Stage III or IV disease died during chemotherapy or during salvage treatment at 2, 4, and 19 months, respectively. Among the 59 patients who received chemotherapy as their initial treatment, 29, 6, 12, and 12 patients had complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) respectively after chemotherapy. The 2-year overall survival rates for these four groups of patients were 100%, 75%, 60%, and 17%, respectively (P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that International Prognostic Index (IPI) for Lymphoma, perforation of nasal septum as a presenting symptom, "B" symptoms, ECOG performance, as well as response after chemotherapy, were significant independent prognostic factors for this group of patients. The extent of response after induction chemotherapy is significantly related to the treatment outcome of patients with nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. CHOP based chemotherapy combined with oral nitrosourea followed by involved field radiotherapy may provide improved treatment results compared to conventional CHOP chemotherapy and radiation. This strategy needs to be optimized and tested in a prospective trial for its efficacy.     

青少年或儿童原发系统性间变大细胞淋巴瘤CHOP为主化疗±放疗的远期疗效

目的 分析青少年儿童原发系统性间变大细胞淋巴瘤(ALCL)患者接受CHOP方案化疗 ±受累野放疗的疗效。方法 回顾分析本院1998—2010年收治的 28例青少年、儿童ALCL患者资料。Ⅰ、Ⅱ期 12例中单纯化疗 2例、综合治疗 10例,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期 16例中单纯化疗 14例、综合治疗 2例。CHOP方案 15例、CHOP联合其他高强度化疗 13例。化疗周期数 3~17个(中位数6个)。放疗多为受累野照射,剂量 39.6~50.0 Gy (中位数45 Gy)。结果 全组患者首程疗后达CR者 25例(89%),3例病变进展。中位随访时间45.3个月。全组 5年无事件生存率为80%,5年OS为93%。疗终达CR者 5年OS为100%,而未达CR者无 5年OS (P=0.000)。≥2个结外器官受侵者 5年无事件生存率为38%,而<2个结外器官受侵者的为85%(P=0.010)。结论 青少年、儿童原发系统性ALCL按成人方案治疗效果满意,但还需要长期随访。     

原发睾丸非霍奇金淋巴瘤26例临床分析

目的：探讨原发睾丸非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgidn’s lymphoma,NHL)的临床特点、治疗方法。方法：收集我院1980年10月至2002年2月收治的睾丸NHL26例,Ann Arbor分期ⅠE期17例,ⅡE期6例,ⅣE期3例。全部手术治疗。首程术后化疗24例,以CHOP方案为主,3～6周期,化疗加放疗9例,其中对盆腔／腹主动脉旁／阴囊等区域进行预防性放疗7例,针对病灶区放疗2例。阴囊区用9～12M eV电子线,其余用6～8MV-X线照射。照射剂量范围在36～50Gy,预防照射的平均剂量为40Gy。单纯手术和手术加放疗各1例。结果：全组一、三、五年总体生存率和无进展生存率分别为96．0％、78．1％、52．0％和70．2％、55．3％、49．2％。总失败率为53．8％,其中对侧睾丸、中枢神经系统受侵率分别为15．4％、11．5％,腹膜后淋巴转移率19．2％。结论：睾丸NHL一般为中-高度恶性,结外器官和淋巴结受侵率高,睾丸和腹膜后区分别占结外器官和淋巴结受侵的首位。所有期别的睾丸NHL都应化疗。ⅠE、ⅡE期病例应常规行腹主动脉旁、同侧髂血管旁和阴囊区预防性照射。ⅢE、ⅣE期以化疗为主,残留病灶辅以局部放疗。     

A randomized study evaluating radiotherapy versus chemotherapy in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer

A combination of cisplatin (70 mg/m2 i.v. day one) and etoposide (100 mg/m2 i.v. day one, 200 mg/m2 orally days 2 and 3) repeated every third week to a maximum of 4 cycles were compared with high voltage radiotherapy, 42 Gy given in 15 fractions over a 3-week period to patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (a shield was used in the posterior field to reduce the total spinal dose less than 40 Gy). One hundred and eighteen patients received radiotherapy; the median survival was 10.6 months compared to 10.5 months for the 116 chemotherapy patients (p = 0.81). The objective response rate (CR + PR) was 42% for the radiotherapy and 21% for the chemotherapy group (p = 0.009). At progression it was optional to cross over to the other treatment modality or to receive phase II chemotherapy. Thirty patients primarily treated with radiotherapy and 54 allocated to chemotherapy received second line antineoplastic treatment.     

Combined chemotherapy and external beam radiation for stage IE and IIE natural killer T-cell lymphoma of nasal cavity

To evaluate the outcome of CHOP chemotherapy and radiotherapy in Stage IE and IIE nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, 53 patients with stage IE and IIE nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma were studied. By the Ann Arbor Lymphoma Staging Classification, 41 patients (77%) had Stage IE disease and 12 patients (23%) had Stage IIE disease. All patients were treated curatively using chemotherapy, followed by radiotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of up to six cycles of the standard CHOP based regimen. The median radiation dose to the tumor bed was 45 Gy for all patients. The median follow-up for all 39 surviving patients was 30.2 months (range, 6 - 104 months). Twenty-six patients had complete response after chemotherapy, and all patients who completed first line chemotherapy achieved complete response after radiotherapy. The 2-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 75.6% and 61.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that perforation as a presenting symptom, elevated pretreatment serum lactate dehydrogenase level, and ECOG performance status >or=2 were significant independent prognostic factors for this group of patients. Combined chemotherapy followed by involved field radiation produced suboptimal outcome for patients with early stage nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Further investigations, preferably prospective clinical trials, for more efficacious treatment strategies are needed to improve the treatment outcome of this malignancy.     

Involved field radiotherapy or chemotherapy in the management of stage I nodal intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Early stage intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is frequently treated with chemotherapy alone or in conjunction with radiotherapy. We have managed clinical Stage I nodal, intermediate grade NHL with involved field radiotherapy alone for non-bulky (less than 5 cm post-surgery) disease or combination chemotherapy alone for more bulky disease. Forty-three patients were treated between 1978 and 1989. Of the 30 patients with non-bulky disease treated with radiotherapy, 29 (97%) achieved complete remission (CR). Thirteen (42%) patients relapsed after radiotherapy and ten of these achieved a further CR (durable in eight) following salvage chemotherapy. Eleven patients with bulky disease received combination chemotherapy with nine (82%) attaining CR (durable in eight). Two patients with bulky disease received radiotherapy-both achieved CR, but have relapsed and died of lymphoma. Overall actuarial 5 year survival for the total group is 77% with a median follow-up of 30 months (range 3-119 months). The 5 year actuarial survival for the 30 patients with non-bulky disease treated with radiotherapy is 86% at a median follow-up of 39 months (range 8-119 months). The 4 year actuarial survival of the 11 patients treated with chemotherapy is 60% with a median follow-up of 25 months (range 3-55 months). We conclude that involved field radiotherapy alone is efficacious for clinical stage I patients with non-bulky nodal intermediate grade NHL and that patients relapsing after radiotherapy are adequately salvaged by chemotherapy. Patients with bulky disease have an inferior survival and should receive combination chemotherapy.     

Role of thoracic radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy in limited stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A randomized multicenter phase III trial

We initiated a prospective randomized multicenter trial to clarify the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of the primary tumor in small cell lung cancer stage limited disease. Patients were randomized to receive only chemotherapy (n = 27), or chemotherapy and radiotherapy of 30 Gy (n = 34) or chemotherapy and radiotherapy of 50 Gy (n = 30). Radiotherapy was administered after the third chemotherapy cycle. All patients received prophylactic total-brain irradiation of 30 Gy. The chemotherapy consisted of 6 cycles of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and vincristin (ACO). 415 patients entered the trial. According to eligibility criteria 97 patients were randomized and 91 patients were evaluable for response. The total response rate (CR and PR) was 69% not being statistically different between all groups. No differences in survival time were observed between patients receiving 30 Gy (median = 13.5 months) and those receiving 50 Gy (median = 12.4 months). However patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy showed a statistically significant improvement of survival time compared to patients receiving chemotherapy alone (median = 9.7 months).     

CHOP与CHOP-L方案治疗45例血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤的疗效及其预后分析

目的:评价应用CHOP与CHOP-L方案治疗血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤（AITL）的疗效及其预后影响因素。方法:对2005年1月-2012年1月经中国医科大学附属盛京医院病理及免疫组化结果确诊的45例AITL患者的临床资料及随访信息进行回顾性分析,分析CHOP与CHOP-L方案的治疗效果及其预后影响因素。结果:18例应用CHOP方案治疗,总有效率（OR）为50%,其中完全缓解率（CR）5例（27.8%）,部分缓解率（PR）4例（22.2%）;1、2、3年的总生存率（OS）分别为66.7%、44.4%及33.3%,无病生存率（DFS）分别为33.3%、22.2%、22.2%。27例应用CHOP-L方案化疗,OR为74%,其中CR 9例（33.3%）,PR 11例（40.7%）;1、2、3年的OS分别为81.4%、62.9%及37%,DFS分别为40.7%、33.3%、25.9%。应用CHOP-L方案化疗、Ann Arbor分期I-II期、结外侵犯0~1个、Ki-67≤50%、无巨大包块、无皮疹的患者疗效较好,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Ann Arbor分期I-II期、ECOG评分0~1分、Ki-67≤50%、无巨大包块（＞10cm）、结外侵犯0~1个及应用CHOP-L方案化疗的患者均较对照组有较高的3年OS与DFS,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;女性患者及无B症状患者生存期优于男性及合并B症状患者（P<0.05）,但DFS差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多因素分析显示ECOG评分是影响本组患者生存的独立预后因素（P<0.05）。结论:AITL以老年、晚期患者多见,预后较差,左旋门冬酰胺酶（L-ASP）联合CHOP方案化疗提高了其治疗的有效率、3年生存率及DFS,且安全性好,不良反应可耐受。Ann Arbor分期、结外侵犯、Ki-67≤50%、巨大包块、皮疹及化疗方案是影响近期疗效的重要因素。患者的Ann Arbor分期、ECOG评分、Ki-67、巨大包块、结外侵犯的程度及化疗方案的选择是影响预后的重要因素。     

放疗加GP方案化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的:观察放疗加GP方案化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法:60例符合条件的患者随机分为两组。对照组(单放组):采用单纯放疗;观察组(放化组):采用放疗加GP方案化疗,放疗常规大野DT40Gy,后缩野到肿瘤区DT24Gy。化疗吉西他滨1200mg,ivd1、8,顺铂20mg,iv2次/周,共4周。治疗结束进行评价。结果:单放组总有效率80.00%,完全缓解率23.33%,放化组总有效率93.33%,完全缓解率53.33%。放化组完全缓解率显著高于单放组(P<0.05),总有效率两组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。毒副反应以消化道反应、骨髓抑制及放射性肺炎为主。放化组消化道反应及骨髓抑制发生率高于单放组,放射性肺炎发生率两组无差异。结论:放疗加GP方案化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效优于单纯放疗。毒副反应有所增加,但病人可以耐受。     

食管癌放射治疗同步化疗临床疗效观察

目的探讨食管癌放射治疗同步化疗的临床疗效和毒副反应。方法将符合入组条件的95例食管癌随机分为放化组（47例）和常规放疗组（48例）,放化组外照射同常规放疗组,放射治疗当日及外照射剂量达阱36～40Gy时同时合并化疗,化疗方案：氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）750mg／d,5d;顺铂（DDP）20mg／d,5d;亚叶酸钙（CF）100mg／d,5d;常规放疗组食管癌常规外照射总量D,60～65Cy／6—7周,每次1．8—2．0Gy,每周5次。均采用6MVX线照射。结果放化组和单放组完全缓解率分别为95．8％和83．4％（X^2=3．88,P〈0．05）。放化组毒副反应高于单放组,但可以耐受。结论放射治疗同步DF方案加CF化疗优于单纯放疗,是治疗中晚期食管癌的一种有效方法。     

后程三维适形大分割放疗并序贯化疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌

 目的　观察常规分割放疗基础上后程三维适形大分割放疗并序贯化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效。方法　62例符合条件的Ⅲ期NSCLC患者入组。先予NP方案化疗2个周期，化疗结束20余天待WBC恢复正常后开始放射治疗，放射治疗的前半程予前后对穿大野照射，常规分割2 Gy／次，剂量40 Gy，20次，之后针对肺部原发灶及纵隔内≥1 cm的转移淋巴结用三维适形放疗技术采用大分割放疗4～6 Gy／次，间隔1～2 d，剂量24～30 Gy，4～6次。锁骨上有淋巴结转移者采用60Co或6 MV-X线加电子线常规分割放疗至总量64～66 Gy。放射治疗结束后再追加化疗2个周期。结果　62例患者全部完成治疗计划，随访3年。肺原发灶完全缓解（CR）9例，部分缓解（PR）40例。肿瘤总有效率为79.0 ％。1、2、3年生存率为71.0 ％、48.4 %、30.6 %。1、2、3年局控率为80.6 %、62.9 ％、40.3 %。急性不良反应主要有：急性放射性食管炎、气管炎、胃肠道反应以及骨髓抑制，经过对症处理后均能完成治疗。结论　在常规分割放疗基础上后程行三维适形大分割放疗并序贯化疗治疗NSCLC有较好的疗效和能为患者接受的不良反应。     

Concurrent gemcitabine and cisplatin combined with 3D conformal radiotherapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer

Objective  To study the toxicities and efficacy of concurrent gemcitabine plus cisplatin combined with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods  Thirty-six patients with pathologically diagnosed NSCLC received radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy. There were 22 patients with stage IIIa and 14 patients with IIIb. Radiotherapy was given a total of 60–70 Gy in conventional fractionation. Chemotherapy included gemcitabine (600 mg/m²) and cisplatin (20 mg/m²), once per week. Results  Thirty-two patients received a total dose of 60–72 Gy. Two patients received 56 Gy and another two patients received 58 Gy. Thirty-four patients received 4–6 weeks of chemotherapy, while two patients received only 2 weeks of chemotherapy. The overall response rate (CR + PR), complete response rate (CR), partially response rate (PR) were 83.3% (30/36), 11.1% (4/36) and 72.2% (26/36) respectively. The median follow-up duration was 18.4 months. The 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 77.8% (28/36) and 55.6% (20/36), respectively. Conclusion  Concurrent gemcitabine and cisplatin combined with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer is effective and well tolerated. Lone-term results need further study.     

Efficacy analysis of simplified intensity-modulated radiotherapy with high or conventional dose and concurrent chemotherapy for patients with neck and upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma

For patients with neck and upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma, it is difficult to control lymph node metastases with conventional dose therapy. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of simplified intensity-modulated radiotherapy (sIMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy for 44 patients and boosted high-dose to metastatic lymph nodes.Three radiation treatment volumes were defined: PGTVnd, with which 68.1 Gy was delivered in high dose group (hsIMRT group), and 60 Gy in the conventional dose group (csIMRT group); PTV1, featuring 63.9 Gy in the hsIMRT group and 60Gy in the csIMRT group; PTV2, with 54 Gy given to both groups. The sIMRT plan included 5 equi-angular coplanar beams. All patients received the cisplatin and 5-FU regimen concurrently with radiotherapy. The treatment was completed within six weeks and one case with grade three acute bronchitis was observed in hsIMRT group. For esophageal lesions, 80% complete response (CR) and 20% partial response (PR) rates were found in the hsIMRT group, and 79.2% CR, with 20.8% PR, in the csIMRT group; for lymph node lesions, 75% CR and 25% PR rates were observed in the hsIMRT group, with 45.8% and 37.5% respectively in the csIMRT group (P <0.05). The differences in 1-, 2- and 3-year relapse-free survival rates were all statistically significant (P <0.05). The major toxicity observed in both groups was Grade I~II leucopenia. sIMRT can generate a desirable dose distribution in treatment of neck and upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma with a better short-term efficacy. Boosted high dosing to metastatic lymph nodes can increase the relapse-free survival rate.     

早期NK/T细胞淋巴瘤扩大受累野IMRT结果

目的 评价早期NK/T细胞淋巴瘤使用扩大受累野IMRT结果,分析临床特征和治疗因素对于预后的影响。 方法 回顾分析2007—2016年间 165例早期NK/T细胞淋巴瘤接受扩大受累野IMRT,158例(95.8%)采用放化疗,7例(4.2%)单纯放疗。140例(84.8%)原发部位放疗剂量≥50 Gy,25例(15.2%)<50 Gy。147例(89.1%)接受门冬酰胺酶为主方案化疗,仅 11例(6.7%)接受CHOP或CHOP类方案化疗。109例(66.1%)接受≥4周期化疗。Kaplan-Meier法计算LRC、OS、PFS率,Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。 结果 5年样本量 55例,5年OS、PFS、LRC率分别为74.2%、72.5%、84.4%。放疗≥50 Gy显著提高了LC率,5年LRC为91.8%,而<50 Gy仅为39.7%(P=0.000)。早期低危组 5年OS为94.2%,而早期高危组仅为68.1%(P=0.002)。早期高危NK/T细胞淋巴瘤联合≥4个周期化疗较<4个周期组显著改善生存率,5年OS分别为71.3%和59.5%(P=0.032);5年PFS分别为70.4%和54.4%(P=0.009)。多因素分析显示ECOG≥2(P=0.006)、原发肿瘤侵犯(P=0.002)、Ann Arbor分期Ⅱ期(P=0.014)是OS影响因素,ECOG≥2(P=0.004)、原发肿瘤侵犯(P=0.016)是LRC的影响因素,而ECOG≥2(P=0.045)、原发肿瘤侵犯(P=0.003)、Ann Arbor分期Ⅱ期(P=0.030)、原发于鼻腔外(P=0.032)是PFS的影响因素。 结论 ≥50 Gy扩大受累野的IMRT对于早期NK/T细胞淋巴瘤有良好的LRC、OS和PFS。对于预后不良组的早期NK/T细胞淋巴瘤远处失败较高,放疗联合≥4周期化疗能显著改善OS和PFS。     

Impact of involved field radiotherapy in partial response after doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for advanced aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

PURPOSE: Whether salvage therapy in patients with advanced aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in partial remission (PR) should consist of radiotherapy or autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) is debatable. We evaluated the impact of radiotherapy on outcome in PR patients treated in four successive European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer trials for aggressive NHL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Records of 974 patients (1980-1999) were reviewed regarding initial response, final outcome, and type and timing of salvage treatment. After 8 cycles of doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, 227 NHL patients were in PR and treated: 114 received involved field radiotherapy, 16 ASCT, 93 second-line chemotherapy, and 4 were operated. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after radiotherapy were estimated (Kaplan-Meier method) and compared with other treatments (log-rank). Impact on survival was evaluated by multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards model). RESULTS: The median PFS in PR patients was 4.2 years and 48% remained progression-free at 5 years. Half of the PR patients converted to a complete remission. After conversion, survival was comparable to patients directly in complete remission. Radiotherapy resulted in better OS and PFS compared with other treatments, especially in patients with low to intermediate International Prognostic Index score, bulky disease, or nodal disease only. Correction by multivariate analysis for prognostic factors such as stage, bulky disease, and number of extranodal locations showed that radiotherapy was clearly the most significant factor affecting both OS and PFS. CONCLUSION: This retrospective analysis demonstrates that radiotherapy can be effective for patients in PR after fully dosed chemotherapy; assessment in a randomized trial (radiotherapy vs. ASCT) is justified.     

Phase II trial of radiotherapy after hyperbaric oxygenation with chemotherapy for high-grade gliomas

We conducted a phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy immediately after hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) with chemotherapy in adults with high-grade gliomas. Patients with histologically confirmed high-grade gliomas were administered radiotherapy in daily 2 Gy fractions for 5 consecutive days per week up to a total dose of 60 Gy. Each fraction was administered immediately after HBO with the period of time from completion of decompression to irradiation being less than 15 min. Chemotherapy consisted of procarbazine, nimustine (ACNU) and vincristine and was administered during and after radiotherapy. A total of 41 patients (31 patients with glioblastoma and 10 patients with grade 3 gliomas) were enrolled. All 41 patients were able to complete a total radiotherapy dose of 60 Gy immediately after HBO with one course of concurrent chemotherapy. Of 30 assessable patients, 17 (57%) had an objective response including four CR and 13 PR. The median time to progression and the median survival time in glioblastoma patients were 12.3 months and 17.3 months, respectively. On univariate analysis, histologic grade (P=0.0001) and Karnofsky performance status (P=0.036) had a significant impact on survival, and on multivariate analysis, histologic grade alone was a significant prognostic factor for survival (P=0.001). Although grade 4 leukopenia and grade 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 10 and 7% of all patients, respectively, these were transient with no patients developing neutropenic fever or intracranial haemorrhage. No serious nonhaematological or late toxicities were seen. These results indicated that radiotherapy delivered immediately after HBO with chemotherapy was safe with virtually no late toxicity in patients with high-grade gliomas. Further studies are required to strictly evaluate the effectiveness of radiotherapy after HBO for these tumours.     

Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL): long-term results from a retrospective multicentre Italian experience in 138 patients treated with CHOP or MACOP-B/VACOP-B

The optimal treatment of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL) is still undefined. In the absence of randomised studies, we retrospectively analysed: (a) the effectiveness of two chemotherapy regimens (CHOP vs MACOP-B/VACOP-B) in complete remission (CR) achievement and event-free survival (EFS) and (b) the role of mediastinal involved-field radiotherapy (IF-RT) as consolidation. From 1982 to 1999, 138 consecutive patients affected by PMLBCL were treated in 13 Italian institutions with CHOP (43) or MACOP-B/VACOP-B (95). The two groups of patients were similar as regard to age, gender, presence of bulky mediastinal mass, pleural effusion, stage and international prognostic indexes category of risk. Overall, 75.5% of patients in CR received IF-RT as consolidation. Complete remission was 51.1% in the CHOP group and 80% in MACOP-B/VACOP-B (P<0.001). Relapse occurred in 22.7% of CHOP- and in 9.2% of MACOP-B/VACOP-B-treated patients (n.s.). Event-free patients were 39.5% in CHOP and 75.7% in the MACOP-B/VACOP-B group (P<0.001). The addition of IF-RT as consolidation improved the outcome, irrespectively of the type of chemotherapy (P=0.04). At a multivariate analysis, achievement of CR (P<0.0001) and type of CT (MACOP-B/VACOP-B) retained the significance for OS (P=0.008) and EFS (P=0.03). In our experience, MACOP-B/VACOP-B appears to positively influence OS and EFS in patients affected by PMLBCL, as compared to CHOP. Consolidation IF-RT on mediastinum further improves the outcome of CR patients.