先天性心脏病患者寿命延长

根据加拿大的研究发现,自1985年至2000年间,先天性心脏畸形的发生率,在成人中增加了85%而在儿童中增加了22%,然而这并不是个坏消息。较好的诊断和治疗使带病生存的成人和确诊先心病的儿童数量都增加了。在过去的50多年里,在心脏外科手术和儿科心脏病的治疗方面,已经有了很大的改     

先天性心脏病介入治疗现状

进入21世纪，由于技术的推广，特别是Amplatzer封堵器的应用，先天性心脏病（简称先心病）介入治疗蓬勃发展，本文搜集近年来国内外有关先心病介入治疗的文献资料，并对先心病（主要是ASD、VSD和PDA）介入治疗的现状进行综述。     

先天性心脏病的介入治疗进展

随着介入治疗方法及器械的不断发展,逐步拓宽了先天性心脏病治疗的方法,开辟了先天性心脏病介入治疗的新领域。这一治疗方法具有操作简便、痛苦少、成功率高、安全有效、无并发症等优点,为越来越多患者所接受。现着重谈论这一领域的进展。     

我国先天性心脏病介入治疗的现状

近几年来我国先天性心脏病(先心病)介入治疗得到了迅速发展,国产器材在临床的广泛应用及该技术的普及,使介入例数逐年增加.规范化介入治疗和技术的提高使某些严重及晚发并发症发生率明显降低.由于种种原因先心病介入治疗尚存在亟待解决的问题,培训基地及质控中心的成立为进一步规范该技术,全面提高我国先心病介入治疗的水平发挥了重要作用.     

我国先天性心脏病介入治疗走出“丑小鸭”时代

如果以1966年Rashkind开发房间隔切开术作为开创先天性心脏病（先心病）介入治疗的新纪元，至目前已有50年历史。我国于上世纪80年代初期开展先心病介入治疗，至目前已有20年历史，步人了蓬勃发展的青年时代。进入21世纪国产器械问世，先心病介入治疗在我国得到广泛开展，取得自己的经验，逐步走向成熟，造就一批青年专家，走出“研发-生产-临床”密切结合的自主发展道路，我国先心病介入治疗出现划时代的变化，从此走出“丑小鸭”时代，受到世人所瞩目。     

先天性心脏病介入治疗进展

先天性心脏病( congenital heart disease,CHD) ,简称先心病,是胎儿期心脏及大血管发育异常所致的先天性畸形,是小儿最常见的心脏病,也是婴幼儿死亡的主要原因之一。该文就房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭三种我国最常见的先天性心脏病的介入治疗进展进行综述。     

先天性心脏病介入治疗的护理

随着介入心脏病学的迅速发展,利用伞形封堵器治疗室间隔缺损(VSD),房间隔缺损(ASD)是近年来发展的新技术、新方法,具有创伤小、操作简单、恢复快、疗效可靠,并发症少等优点.我科近年来施行先天性心脏病介入治疗16例,现将护理经验介绍如下:     

先天性心脏病的介入治疗——成人先天性心脏病导管介入治疗的适应证

先天性心脏病（先心病）多于儿童时发现并治疗,但仍有相当多的患者成年发现或幼年发现到成年后治疗。随着治疗技术和方法的改进,导管介入成为先心病重要的治疗途径。由于本病均为先天发病,发育到成人时心脏结构和动力学均有相应的变化,因此成人先心病导管介入治疗适应证的选择十分重要。为了进一步规范治疗,2008年美国心脏病学会和美国学院心脏病学会（AHA／ACC）联合发布成人先心病治疗指南,现将指南中对成人先心病介入治疗适应证给以解读,以供参考。     

先天性心脏病介入治疗的主要并发症

我国是世界上先天性心脏病（简称先心病）发病率较高的国家之一，发病率约占全部活产婴儿的0．7％加．8％，每年有15万-17万先心病新生儿患者，其中约10万患儿需要手术治疗。常见的先心病，如室间隔缺损（ventricular septal defect，VSD）、动脉导管未闭（patent ductus arteriosus，PDA）、     

先天性心脏病介入治疗21例疗效观察

随着心血管外科技术的发展与推广,越来越多的基层医院也逐渐开展心脏病介入手术。2006年10月-2007年8月,我院对21例先天性心脏病（先心病）患者实施介入手术,取得满意疗效。现报告如下。     

Transcatheter therapy for congenital heart disease

In summary, the cardiac catheterization suite has evolved from an invasive diagnostic facility into a primarily therapeutic laboratory. Through the use of balloons, blades, and plugs there are an increasing number of patients who may have definitive cardiac therapy on an outpatient basis, avoiding more invasive surgical interventions.     

先天性心脏病并发重度肺动脉高压介入封堵联合伐地那非的应用研究

目的:研究先天性心脏病(CHD)并发重度肺动脉高压(PAH)介入封堵联合盐酸伐地那非综合治疗的应用。方法:术前、后常规给予29例患者口服盐酸伐地那非治疗,对有介入封堵适应证的患者置入封堵器进行试验性封堵测压,若肺动脉压降低幅度为原来压力的20%或下降30mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)以上后进行永久封堵,术后继续采用超声多普勒心动图随访患者肺动脉收缩压(SPAP)、肺循环、体循环收缩压比值(Pp/Ps)、右室大小(RV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)12个月。结果:本组29例患者经术前、后常规予盐酸伐地那非治疗后,27例行介入试验性封堵测压,随后有25例肺动脉压降低幅度为原来压力的20%或下降30mmHg以上。对这25例患者进行永久封堵,且5例使用带孔封堵器,随访12个月,除1例死亡外,其余心功能恢复Ⅰ级以上、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)均恢复在0.95以上、SPAP、Pp/Ps、LVEF、RV均有显著改善(均P<0.05)。4例无法封堵的患者除1例转心外科手术后死亡外,其余心功能由Ⅳ级恢复到Ⅲ级、SaO2在0.90以上、动脉血氧分压>60mmHg。结论:介入试验性封堵联合盐酸伐地那非综合治疗微创、简便、安全、可靠,给CHD并发重度PAH的患者带来根治的希望。     

老年冠心病的介入治疗

伴随全球老龄化趋势，作为冠心病主要患病和死亡人群，老年冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronart intervention．PCI)值得关注。随着技术进步、器械完善以及辅助药物更新，PCI范围不断拓展，老年患者从介入治疗中获得了很大的益处。     

Interventional therapy for neonates with critical congenital heart disease

Transcatheter interventional therapies for children continue to evolve at a remarkable rate. Perhaps no where are these procedures more important than in the critically ill newborn. In this core curriculum review article several of the most commonly performed interventions performed in critically ill newborns are discussed with regards to technique and outcomes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Acute complications of catheter therapy for congenital heart disease

Although therapeutic catheter procedures for congenital heart disease are still developing, the number of procedures being performed allows statistically relevant review of the acute complications. Between January 1, 1984, and February 1, 1987, 417 such procedures were performed at The Children's Hospital, Boston; the age range of the patients was 1 day to 51 years (median 4 years, 6 months). Catheter procedures consisted predominantly of vascular dilations (peripheral pulmonic stenosis, 97; valvular pulmonic stenosis, 67; valvular aortic stenosis, 62; recurrent coarctation, 49) and embolizations (double umbrella device, 36; steel coils, 45). Overall, there were 50 acute complications (12%); 24 (6%) were major and 26 (6%) were minor. The mortality rate was 3 of 417 (0.7%). Complication rates varied between 4% for dilation of recurrent coarctation and 40% for dilation of aortic stenosis. The age of the patients was a factor in complications of vascular access (11 patients), 8 of which occurred in patients younger than 6 months (median 5), and in cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation (4 patients, 3 of whom were younger than 6 months [median 3]). No statistically significant trend toward diminishing overall complication rates was discerned over the 37 months of this study.     

Cardiac resynchronization therapy in congenital heart disease

While cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is of proven benefit in selected patients with severe ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy, refractory symptoms, and conduction delay, extrapolation to congenital heart disease is not straightforward. This rapidly expanding patient population commonly suffers from heart failure, particularly in the presence of a single or systemic right ventricle. Surgical repair may also contribute to ventricular asynchrony. In this systematic review, the current state of knowledge regarding CRT in congenital heart disease is presented. Issues specific to congenital heart disease including right bundle branch block, right (pulmonary) ventricular dysfunction, systemic right ventricular dysfunction, and single ventricle dysfunction are explored. Evidence-based CRT applications for each of these particular conditions are reviewed. Initial experience with CRT in the acute postoperative setting and longer-term, including our own, is elaborated. Unlike standard indications based on multiple randomized clinical trials, supporting evidence for CRT in congenital heart disease is limited to case reports, case series, and small experimental crossover studies in the acute postoperative setting. The heterogeneous patient population, technical limitations from patient size, vascular access issues, and unique forms of ventricular asynchrony further obscure the selection of potential beneficiaries. Despite these limitations, experience thus far has been favorable. Quality of current data precludes definitive evidence-based recommendations, but optimistic initial results suggest that research endeavors in this field should be pursued. Multicenter prospective collaborative efforts are to be encouraged.     

经导管同期治疗复合型先天性心脏病的疗效观察

目的研究经导管同期治疗复合型先天性心脏病的策略并评价其疗效。方法34例患者,男12例,女22例。复合类型为:房间隔缺损(ASD)合并肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)、室间隔缺损(VSD)、动脉导管未闭(PDA)分别是16例、7例、3例,合并二尖瓣狭窄(Lutembacher综合征)2例;VSD合并PDA3例、Taussig-Bing畸形合并PDA1例;2例并发3种畸形(并发ASD、VSD和PDA1例,并发ASD、PS和PDA1例)。经导管介入治疗的原则:先行瓣膜球囊扩张术纠正瓣膜狭窄,其次行VSD封堵术,再次行PDA封堵术,最后行ASD封堵术。术后3d、1个月、6个月分别行经胸超声心动图(TTE)、X线检查评价治疗效果。结果34例复合型先天性心脏病患者均一次性治疗成功。术中未发生任何重要并发症。术后即刻TTE和造影示ASD,VSD,PDA所有封堵器位置良好,无残余分流。16例ASD合并PS者,跨肺动脉瓣平均压差由术前52.6±20.5mmHg下降到术后14.3±9.5mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2例Lutembacher综合征患者,超声心动图测量二尖瓣瓣口面积分别由二尖瓣球囊扩张术前1.0和1.2cm2增加到术后1.9和2.0cm2,平均左房压分别由29和26mmHg降至8和7mmHg。对于1例Taussig-Bing畸形合并PDA者,用18mmASD伞成功封堵16mmPDA,降低肺动脉压,改善患者症状,为二次手术创造条件。术后72h、1个月、6个月TTE示所有患者各水平分流均消失,左心房、左心室进行性地缩小,所有封堵器位置固定良好,无移位及脱落;同时行X线检查,肺血均明显减少,房室内径均明显恢复。结论复合型先天性心脏病经导管同期介入治疗虽较单纯型复杂,技术要求相对较高,但如指征掌握恰当,治疗策略合理,操作规范,同样可获得良好的治疗效果。     

经导管同期治疗复合型先天性心脏病的安全性及疗效观察

目的:研究经导管同期治疗复合型先天性心脏病的可行性、方法及疗效.方法:2001-07-2007-10共30例复合型先天性心脏病患者,男11例,女19例.复合类型为:房间隔缺损(ASD)伴室间隔缺损(VSD)、动脉导管未闭(PDA)、肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)分别为13例、7例、3例,伴二尖瓣狭窄(Lutembacher综合征)3例;VSD伴PDA 2例;PS伴PDA 2例;经导管治疗的原则:先行瓣膜球囊扩张术纠正瓣膜狭窄,其次行VSD封堵术,再次行PDA封堵术,最后行ASD封堵术.术后48 h、1个月、6个月分别行经胸超声心动图(TTE)、X线及心电图检查评价治疗效果.结果:30例复合型先天性心脏病患者均一次性介入治疗成功,术中未发生任何重要并发症.术后即刻TTE和造影示ASD、VSD、PDA所有封堵器位置良好,无残余分流.ASD和PDA伴肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS) 5例,跨肺动脉瓣平均压差由术前(56.4±15.2)mmHg(1 mmHg=0. 133 kPa)下降至术后(13.1±8 9) mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).3例Lutembacher综合征患者,超声心动图测量二尖瓣口面积分别由二尖瓣球囊扩张术术前0.98、1.1和1.26 cm2增加到1.7、1.92和2.0 cm2,平均左房压分别由31、28和27降至9、8.5和7 mmHg.术后48 h、1个月、6个月经TTE检查示所有患者各水平分流均消失,扩大的房室内径进行性缩小,所有封堵器位置固定良好,无移位及脱落;同时X线检查,肺血明显减少,房室内径明显恢复;心电图检查无房室传导阻滞及左右束支阻滞;无其他并发症.结论:只要严格掌握适应证,术中采取适当的治疗策略,操作规范,复合型先天性心脏病同期介入治疗是可行的、安全的,可获得满意的临床效果.     

先天性心脏病治疗的若干进展

1 法洛四联症的长期治疗 法洛四联症(tetralogy of Fallot,TOF)是最常见的发绀型先天性心脏病之一.经手术治疗的TOF预后明显改善,大部分患者可长期生存.然而,部分术后遗留的肺动脉瓣关闭不全、肺动脉瓣反流等已经引起重视,严重者可能影响患者生活质量,目前一致的意见是进行再手术--肺动脉瓣置换术(replacement ofpulmonary valve,PVR).