不同甲状腺手术方式对甲状旁腺功能及血钙的影响

探讨甲状腺手术不同术式及切除范围对患者术后甲状旁腺功能及血钙水平的影响.回顾性分析2015年1月—2020年1月354例行甲状腺手术治疗患者的临床资料.依据其所接受的术式进行分组:行单侧甲状腺切除术共123例(A组);行甲状腺单侧腺叶+峡部切除+同侧中央区淋巴结清除119例(B组);行甲状腺全部切除+双侧中央区淋巴结清...     

甲状腺手术中甲状旁腺显露及功能保护的临床研究

目的 探讨甲状腺术中直视下甲状旁腺的显露与定位、术中保护甲状旁腺及其血供的方法 .方法 对我院甲状腺手术患者行术中直视下显露并原位保护甲状旁腺及其血供,并观察术后甲状旁腺功能减退的发生情况.结果 259例甲状腺手术中有12例未找到明确的甲状旁腺.术中见上甲状旁腺共242枚,其中221枚(91.32%)位置恒定于甲状腺背面甲状软骨下缘水平;确切显露61枚上甲状旁腺的血管,其中42枚(68.85%)由甲状腺下动脉上行支供血.下甲状旁腺共426枚,位置变异较大,212枚(49.77%)位于甲状腺背面下1/3部分,106枚(24.88%)位于甲状腺侧叶最下端近甲状腺下动脉入腺体处;确切显露128枚下甲状旁腺的血管,其中103枚(80.47%)的血供来自甲状腺下动脉或最下动脉的分支.术后发生低钙血症者27例,其中一侧叶全切除者1例(二次手术患者),一侧叶全切加对侧叶次全切除者3例,甲状腺全切除者4例,甲状腺全切加中央组颈淋巴结清扫者7例,甲状腺全切加一侧颈淋巴结清扫者11例,甲状腺全切加双侧颈淋巴结清扫者1例.无一例发生永久性甲状旁腺功能低下.结论 甲状旁腺血供来源与其位置有密切关系.甲状腺术中完全可以直视下显露和保护甲状旁腺.预防术后甲状旁腺功能减退的关键是术中精细解剖,尽量原位保护甲状旁腺及其血供或行必要的甲状旁腺自体移植.     

双侧甲状腺切除术后甲状旁腺功能减退临床因素分析及防治

目的:探讨双侧甲状腺切除术后患者甲状旁腺功能减退与各临床因素的关系,总结术后甲状旁腺功能减退的预防和治疗。方法:2011年1—12月行双侧甲状腺手术患者193例,所有患者于术后第1、2天检测血钙及甲状旁腺素(PTH),术后1、3、6个月随访血钙和PTH。术后PTH低于正常值患者予口服碳酸钙和维生素D。结果:193例患者中25例(13.0%)出现甲状旁腺功能减退,其中19例(9.8%)为暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退,6例(3.1%)为永久性甲状旁腺功能减退。不同年龄、性别患者术后甲状旁腺功能减退发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。甲状腺恶性肿瘤、术中行淋巴结清除患者术后甲状旁腺功能减退发生率(24.7%、20.9%)高于良性肿瘤、未行淋巴结清除患者(5.2%、8.7%,P<0.01、P<0.05)。术中有甲状旁腺误切患者与无误切患者术后甲状旁腺功能减退发生率差异无统计学意义(24.0%vs 11.3%,P=0.08)。永久性甲状旁腺功能减退患者中行颈淋巴结清除者100%(6/6)、甲状旁腺误切者83.3%(5/6),两者比例均高于暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退患者(P<0.05、P<0.01)。25例甲状旁腺功能减退患者补充碳酸钙和维生素D后1例出现低钙血症。结论:甲状旁腺功能减退与患者的年龄、性别无关,与患者手术范围有关,颈淋巴结清除和甲状旁腺误切更易导致永久性甲状旁腺功能减退。术后选择性补充碳酸钙和维生素D可以有效减少低钙血症的发生。     

全甲状腺切除术后甲状旁腺的功能监测

目的 评估全甲状腺切除术后甲状旁腺功能减退症发生情况,探索早期预测术后低钙血症的方法.方法 对124例患者(甲状腺癌46例、结节性甲状腺肿78例)行全甲状腺切除术,恶性患者加行淋巴结清扫术,术前、术后1 h、1 d、2 d检测血钙和血PTH,观察术后甲状旁腺功能减退症发生情况,并用受试者工作特征曲线研究低钙血症早期预测指标.结果 58例发生术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退症(46.8%),甲状腺癌组22例(47.8%),结节性甲状腺肿组36例(46.2%),两组之间无明显差异(λ2=0.033,P=0.857);1例发生永久性甲状旁腺功能减退症(0.8%),发生在甲状腺癌组.术后90例(72.6%)出现血钙下降,58例(46.8%)出现血PTH下降,40例(32.3%)出现低钙症状.甲状腺癌组术后血钙(F=21.358,P=0.000)、血PTH(F=18.253,P=0.000)下降程度重于结节性甲状腺肿组,术后1 h血PTH下降百分比可很好的预测有临床症状的低钙血症(曲线下面积为0.933),以PTH下降76.6%作为分界点,此时预测有临床症状的低钙血症的敏感性为89.7%,特异性为87.9%. 结论全甲状腺切除术加行淋巴结清扫会加重术后血钙、血PTH下降程度但不会增加甲状旁腺功能减退症发生率;术后1 h血PTH下降百分比可预测低钙血症的发生.     

甲状腺全切或次全切除术中电刀对甲状旁腺功能及血钙的影响

在甲状腺全切或次全切除术中,暂时性低钙血症在甲状腺外科中较为常见,尤其是手术中频繁使用电刀导致甲状旁腺缺血引起甲状旁腺功能的损伤。回顾性分析我院2006年1月至2010年3月间行甲状腺全切或次全切除术的175例病人资料,在分离、切除甲状腺中不使用电刀,明显减少术后暂时性低钙血症的发生,现分析如下。     

甲状腺术后症状性低钙血症与甲状旁腺激素及血钙关系的探讨

目的 检测甲状腺术后患者甲状旁腺激素(PTH)及血钙水平,并探讨其与术后症状性低钙血症发生的关系.方法 手术治疗的351例甲状腺疾病患者,对其术后14～16h血钙和PTH水平进行检测.观察发生轻微症状及严重症状的两组患者术后PTH及血钙情况.结果 本组351例患者术前血钙均>2.0mmol/L,肾功能均正常.58例患者术后出现低钙症状,其中严重症状16例,轻微症状42例.比较血钙<2.0mmol/L是否产生严重症状时其特异度为83%,敏感度为30%,差异无统计学意义.比较PTH<0.8pmol/L是否产生严重症状时其特异度为82.0%,敏感度为87.5%,差异有统计学意义.当应用血钙<2.0mmol/L与PTH<0.8pmol/L联合检测时其特异度为80.5%,敏感度为85.7%,差异有统计学意义.结论 术后14～16h PTH在预测术后症状性低钙血症方面比血钙敏感,PTH<0.8pmol/L可作为严重症状性低钙血症的预测指标,临床应用方便.     

甲状腺手术中甲状旁腺误切和术后低钙血症

目的分析常见甲状腺手术时甲状旁腺误切和术后患者发现低钙血症之间的关系。方法回顾性分析126例甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,其中双侧腺叶大部切除术18例,一侧或双侧腺叶全切术74例和六区清扫术34例。结果 126例患者中,共有25例（19.8%）病理证实存在旁腺误切,有30例（23.8%）术后出现低钙血症,25例（19.8%）出现低钙临床表现,经治疗后症状在2 d内消失。低钙血症的发生（23.8%）和旁腺误切（19.8%）之间是相关的（r=0.87,P=0.0333）。随访6个月,低钙血症消失时间平均为4.25（1-12）周,没有患者出现永久性低钙血症。六区清扫术的总体旁腺误切率为41.2%（14/34）,高于大部切除术的5.6%（1/18）（P〈0.01）,亦高于腺叶全切除术的13.5%（10/74）（P=0.0013）。结论甲状腺腺叶切除及六区清扫术后短暂的低钙血症是比较常见的并发症;旁腺误切可以导致术后低钙血症的发生;六区清扫术有很高的旁腺误切风险。     

达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术中甲状旁腺的损伤因素及保护

目的分析达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术中甲状旁腺损伤的相关因素,探讨甲状旁腺保护的方法,避免永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的发生。 方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年5月在济南军区总医院甲状腺乳腺外科行达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术的190例患者的临床资料,统计术后患者出现低甲状旁腺激素(PTH)及低血钙的发生率,分析术后发生甲状旁腺功能减退的相关因素,探讨术中如何保护甲状旁腺及其功能。 结果患者术后暂时性低PTH的发生率为20.53%(39/190),暂时性低血钙的发生率为23.68%(45/190),术后随访无永久性甲状旁腺功能减退发生。甲状腺全切术后低PTH、低血钙的发生率高于腺叶 ＋ 峡部切除术者(χ²＝14.789,11.604;P＝0.000,0.001)。行中央区淋巴结清扫的患者术后低PTH、低血钙的发生率高于未清扫者(χ²＝11.200,17.771;P＝0.001,0.000)。甲状旁腺原位保留者术后低PTH、低血钙的发生率低于切除后自体移植者(χ²＝5.536,4.851,6.140,5.453;P＝0.019,0.028,0.013,0.020)。 结论在达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术中,甲状腺全切除、中央区淋巴结清扫、甲状旁腺切除后自体移植是造成患者术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的重要影响因素。在达芬奇机器人手术系统下,准确识别甲状旁腺,精细化手术操作,原位保护甲状旁腺及血供,是预防永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的有效方法。     

甲状腺术后不同时间检测甲状旁腺激素预测低钙血症发生的系统评价

目的探讨甲状腺术后不同时间段检测甲状旁腺激素（PTH）对术后低钙血症的预测价值。方法检索中国生物医学文献库、万方数据库、同方数据库及维普中国科技期刊数据库的中文文献,同时检索MEDLINE、OVID、PUBMED、EMBASE等外文数据库,纳入以甲状腺术后发生低钙血症为参考标准,对比不同时间段检测的PTH值预测术后低钙血症的价值。根据检测时间不同分为2组,并分别对纳入文献进行质量评价及偏倚分析,提取相关信息后通过STATA12及Meta-Disc软件进行合并分析,计算合并的敏感度（SEN）、特异度（SPE）、阳性似然比（LR＋）、阴性似然比（LR-）及SROC曲线下面积（AUC）,并对2组指标进行对比分析。结果共纳入23篇文献,其中前瞻性队列研究15篇,回顾性研究8篇;英文文献21篇,中文文献2篇。按不同时间段分为2组,第1组（术后1h内检测PTH值）共纳入患者2012例,其中术后发生低钙血症患者494例,未发生低钙血症患者1518例;第2组（术后4-12h内检测PTH值）共纳入患者693例,其中术后发生低钙血症患者266例,未发生低钙血症患者427例。通过纳入文献漏斗图发现2组文献的发表偏倚均较小。Meta分析结果显示,除合并的SEN外,2组间合并的SPE、朋＋、LR-及AUC的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;第1组的预测效果好于第2组,术后1h内检测的PTH值〈16ng／L时其AUC面积最大。结论甲状腺术后检测PTH值是一种有效预测术后发生低钙血症的方法,其中术后1h内检测PTH值低于16ng／L对术后低钙血症的预测效果最佳。     

Complications associated with different surgical approaches to differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Introduction: With the good prognosis associated with differentiated carcinoma, the morbidity and mortality of different surgical approaches are of crucial importance. Methods: At the Department of Surgery (Virchow Klinikum Berlin), 139 patients who underwent surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma between 1979 and 1994 were reviewed, focussing on postoperative complications. In 113 and 18 patients, respectively, primary and completion thyroidectomy was performed. In five patients, less than total thyroidectomy and in three patients only palliative surgery was carried out. We performed thyroidectomy without systematic lymphadenectomy (LAD) in 70 patients (51.1%). In 15 patients (10.8%), lymphadenectomy of the lateral compartment and, in 53 patients (38.1%), central LAD was performed. LAD did not significantly influence survival time in either follicular (n = 42) or papillary carcinoma (n = 97). Results: No patient died because of postoperative complications. Permanent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in no patients after thyroidectomy without LAD, in one patient after central LAD (1.9%) and in one patient after lateral LAD (6.7%). Transient laryngeal nerve palsy was seen in ten patients [six (8.6%) after thyroidectomy only, two (3.7%) after central LAD and two (13.3%) after lateral LAD] (P = 0.19). Hypocalcemia was distributed equally within the LAD groups: total transient hypocalcemia could be recorded in 54 patients (38.8%), but permanent hypocalcemia occurred only in one patient (0.7%). Postoperative recovery was delayed in patients when a more radical approach was used (P = 0.03). Conclusion: The magnitude of the benefit of LAD in therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma is still controversial. This more radical approach is not necessarily accompanied, however, by higher morbidity and mortality. Received: 30 January 1998 Accepted: 18 July 1998     

Parathormone response to thyroid surgery

BACKGROUND: Confident determination of adequate residual parathyroid function early after thyroid surgery could facilitate the discharge of patients soon after their operation without the need for subsequent serum calcium monitoring and/or calcium and vitamin D supplementation. METHODS: Thirty-one patients who underwent 33 thyroid operations (22 unilateral lobectomies and 11 bilateral thyroid resections) were prospectively studied. Parathormone (PTH) levels were measured intraoperatively, and serum calcium was monitored before and after surgery to determine PTH and calcium homeostatic response to thyroid surgery. RESULTS: A significant decrease in circulating PTH occurred during 27 procedures, most markedly after specimen mobilization. Intraoperative PTH and postoperative calcium levels were lowest in those who underwent bilateral operations. Patients who underwent unilateral procedures experienced significant decreases in PTH but not postoperative calcium levels. A PTH level >50% of baseline predicted normocalcemia by postoperative day 3. However, PTH level did not accurately triage other patients' risk for postoperative hypocalcemia. CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in PTH levels intraoperatively is a common event during both unilateral and bilateral thyroid operations. Although normal PTH levels at the end of surgery ensure normocalcemia after surgery, patients with low final PTH measurements may not develop significant hypocalcemia after surgery.     

甲状腺手术不同术式对甲状旁腺功能影响的临床观察

背景与目的：手术是治疗甲状腺疾病的一种极为重要的方式,而甲状旁腺功能减退是甲状腺手术的常见并发症之一。由于各类甲状腺疾病采取的手术方式不同,对甲状旁腺功能的影响也可能不同。本研究探讨甲状腺不同术式对甲状旁腺功能影响的差异并分析原因。 方法：回顾性分析2017年8月—2019年3月收治的319例甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,其中,行甲状腺单侧腺叶切除111例（单侧切除组）、行甲状腺双侧腺叶切除107例（双侧切除组）、行甲状腺双侧腺叶切除+中央区淋巴清扫术71例（双侧切除+VI区清扫组）、行甲状腺双侧腺叶切除+中央区淋巴清扫术+侧颈区淋巴清扫术30例（双侧切除+II~VI区清扫组）。术中在患侧近峡部周围被膜选择1~2点,每点注射0.1~0.2 mL纳米炭混悬注射液,所有患者均采取精细被膜解剖法原位保留甲状旁腺,若术中发现甲状旁腺无法原位保留则立即将该甲状旁腺剪成薄片或匀浆移植包埋于胸锁乳突肌中。观察并比较各组手术前后甲状旁腺激素（PTH）与血钙水平的变化以及术后甲状旁腺功能减退与低钙血症发生率。 结果：各组术前一般资料及PTH与血钙水平均无统计学差异（均P>0.05）。各组术后PTH和血钙浓度均较术前明显降低（均P<0.01）,但两者的下降幅度在术后相同时间点随着手术范围扩大而明显增大,即单侧切除组<双侧切除组<双侧切除+VI区清扫组<双侧切除+II~VI区清扫组,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。甲状旁腺功能减退与低钙血症的发生率同样随着手术范围扩大而升高,单侧切除组、双侧切除组、双侧切除+VI区清扫组、双侧切除+II~VI区清扫组甲状旁腺功能减退发生率分别为9.9%、32.7%、56.3%、73.3%,低钙血症发生率分别为0、1.9%、19.7%、50.0%,组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。所有患者随访至24周,无永久性甲状旁腺功能减退发生。 结论：各种甲状腺手术均对甲状旁腺功能有一定的影响,且手术范围越大,甲状旁腺受损的几率越大,发生甲状旁腺功能减退的风险越高。因此,无论何种术式术中均应对甲状旁腺实施保护,术中精细操作,减少对甲状旁腺血运影响,从而尽可能地降低甲状旁腺功能减退的发生率。     

Which criterion of intraoperative iPTH assay is the most accurate in prediction of true serum calcium levels after thyroid surgery?

Background and aims Intraoperative quick intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) assay (IOPTH) has become a valuable adjunct in parathyroid surgery reliably predicting cure from hyperparathyroid state. Similarly to parathyroid surgery, the accuracy of the assay in predicting postoperative calcemia after thyroid surgery is related to blood sample timing and the criteria applied with no guidelines widely accepted, so far. This study compares different IOPTH criteria in predicting hypoparathyroidism-related hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery. Materials and methods The study included 200 consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. Three blood samples for IOPTH were taken in each patient: preoperatively—baseline (BL), at the end of surgery—skin closure (SC), and at 4 h postoperatively (4H). Serum calcium was routinely monitored at 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively. The incidence and severity of hypocalcemia and related symptoms were matched to IOPTH results. The following criteria were tested: A, greater than 50% drop from BL at SC; B, greater than 70% drop from BL at SC; C, greater than 50% drop from BL at 4H; D, greater than 70% drop from BL at 4H; E, serum iPTH less than 15 pg/ml at SC; F, serum iPTH less than 10 pg/ml at SC; G, serum iPTH less than 15 pg/ml at 4H; H, serum iPTH less than 10 pg/ml at 4H. The accuracy of the tested criteria was calculated in predicting serum calcium level less than 2.0 mmol/l at any point after thyroidectomy. Results Tested criteria had the following value in predicting serum calcium level less than 2.0 mmol/l after thyroidectomy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy, respectively): A (60, 89, 38, 95, and 86%), B (80, 93, 57, 98, and 92%), C (70, 90, 44, 96, and 88%), D (85, 95, 65, 98, and 94%), E (80, 91, 50, 98, and 90%), F (90, 95, 69, 99, and 95%), G (90, 95, 70, 99, and 95%), H (95, 99, 90, 99, and 98%). Conclusions The criterion of iPTH serum level less than 10 pg/ml at 4 h postoperatively has the highest accuracy in predicting serum calcium level below 2.0 mmol/l after total thyroidectomy when compared with the other criteria. Presented at the 2nd Biennial Congress of the ESES, May 2006, Krakow, Poland.     

Intact parathyroid hormone measurement 1 hour after thyroid surgery identifies individuals at high risk for the development of symptomatic hypocalcemia

Background

There is currently no consensus regarding the utilization of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) for predicting postthyroid surgery hypocalcemia. The objective of this study was to determine a threshold value for the 1-hour postoperative iPTH level that can identify those patients at significantly increased risk for the development of symptomatic hypocalcemia.

Methods

A prospective study of 21 individuals undergoing either total or completion thyroid operations was performed. One-hour postoperative iPTH levels were drawn along with ionized calcium at 6 hours postoperatively and at 7 am the following morning. Symptoms of hypocalcemia were recorded.

Results

Of the 21 patients recruited into the study cohort, there were 18 individuals that developed hypocalcemia (4 symptomatic and 14 asymptomatic) and 3 that remained normocalcemic. The mean iPTH level 1 hour postoperatively was significantly different when comparing the normocalcemic, asymptomatic hypocalcemic, and symptomatic hypocalcemic patient groups (6.50 pmol/L versus 3.76 pmol/L versus 0.7 pmol/L, respectively; P = .007). An iPTH level ≤2.5 pmol/L was 100% sensitive for predicting which individuals would go on to develop symptomatic hypocalcemia.

Conclusions

This study suggests that a 1-hour postoperative iPTH level ≤2.5 pmol/L can identify those individuals at risk for developing symptomatic hypocalcemia. Therefore, we recommend early calcium supplementation for these patients to decrease their postoperative morbidity from symptomatic hypocalcemia.     

Thyroid surgery and obesity: Cohort study of surgical outcomes and local specific complications

Introduction

Obesity is associated with numerous complications after elective general surgeries. The aim is to compare surgical outcomes and local specific complications in obese and non-obese patients after thyroid surgery.

三种甲状腺手术方法对甲状腺、甲状旁腺功能的影响分析

目的探讨三种甲状腺手术方法对甲状腺癌患者甲状腺、甲状旁腺功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2012年至2015年手术治疗的甲状腺癌患者125例,根据手术方式分为3组,其中A组57例行甲状腺全切+颈淋巴结清扫术,B组36例行甲状腺全切除术,C组32例行甲状腺次全切除术。数据分析用SPSS16.0软件进行,甲状腺功能、甲状旁腺功能和血清钙中的指标用均数±标准差(x珋±s)表示,t检验;低血钙发生率用百分率(%)表示,卡方检验;P0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。结果手术后3 d三组患者的T3和FT3以及T4和FT4均显著低于术前,而TSH显著高于术前(P0.05);C组患者的PTH(29.6±12.6)pg/ml显著高于A、B组的患者,且差异具有统计学意义(F=4.568,P0.05);三组甲状腺癌患者术后血清钙均下降,且差异具有统计学意(P0.05),而C组患者的血清钙显著高于A、B组的患者,且术后低血钙发生率(18.7%)也显著低于A(59.6%)、B组(41.67%)的患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论手术治疗对甲状癌患者的甲状腺功能以及甲状旁腺功能均有显著影响,不同手术方式对甲状腺功能的影响无显著差异,而随着甲状腺手术方式和范围的扩大甲状旁腺功能减退和低血钙发生率增高。     

血硒对维持性血液透析患者左心室结构与功能的影响

目的探讨血硒对维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者左心室结构和功能的影响及其可能机制。方法运用质谱法、放射免疫法、化学发光法和生化比色法分别对40例MHD患者、40例非透析慢性肾衰竭(non-hemodialysis,NOHD)患者和30例正常对照者的血硒、甲状腺激素(thyroid hormone,TH)、甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)、氧化应激指标进行测定;应用Philips CX50彩色B超测定左心室内径(left ventricular diameter,LVD)、左心房内径(left atrial diameter,LAD)、左心室舒张末内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVDd)、左心室后壁厚度(left ventricular posterior wall thickness,LVPWT)、室间隔厚度(interventricular septum thickness,IVST)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF),按Devereux公式计算左心室质量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI)。分析血硒与其他参数的关系及其对左心室结构和功能的影响。结果MHD患者血硒、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(total triiodothyronine,TT 3)、游离T 3(free triiodothyronine,FT 3)含量均低于正常对照组(P<0.01),PTH含量高于正常对照组(P<0.01),超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性低于正常对照组(P<0.01),丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量高于正常对照组(P<0.01),C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)含量高于正常对照组(P<0.01),LAD、LVDd和LVMI均高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。MHD患者血硒与GSH-Px、SOD、TT 3、FT 3呈正相关(P<0.05),与CRP、MDA、LAD、LVDd呈负相关(P<0.05);GSH-Px与LAD、LVDd、IVST、LVMI呈负相关(P<0.05),SOD与LAD、IVST、LVMI呈负相关(P<0.05),MDA与LAD、LVDd、IVST、LVMI呈正相关(P<0.05);TT 3、FT 3与LAD、LVDd、IVST、LVMI呈负相关(P<0.05);PTH与LAD、LVDd、IVST、LVMI呈正相关(均P<0.01);CRP与LAD、LVDd、IVST、LVMI呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论低硒可能通过引起机体抗氧化能力降低、TH和PTH代谢紊乱、炎症反应增强,而加重MHD患者左心室结构和功能异常。     

纳米炭示踪与改良Miccoli技术在甲状腺乳头状癌全甲状腺切除术中的应用及比较

目的:探讨并比较纳米炭示踪技术与改良内镜辅助甲状腺切除术(Miccoli术)应用于甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)全甲状腺切除术中的效果及对甲状旁腺功能的保护作用。方法:回顾性分析117例接受全甲状腺切除术PTC患者的临床资料,其中31例术中采用纳米炭标记(纳米炭组),56例采用改良Miccoli手术(Miccoli组),30例采用常规手术(常规组)。比较各组的手术指标、手术前后的血钙与甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平、术后视觉模拟评分(VAS)与数字评分系统(NSS),以及术后暂时性或永久性喉上神经(SLN)损伤、喉返神经(RLN)损伤、甲状旁腺功能降低、低钙血症及甲状腺癌复发情况。结果:各组患者术前资料具有可比性。Miccoli组手术时间明显长于另两组,但切口长度、术中出血及术后引流量明显少于另两组(均P0.05),各组淋巴结清扫数、术后住院时间无明显差异(均P0.05),但纳米炭组淋巴结受累检出率明显高于常规组(P0.05)。术后1 h至7 d,纳米炭组和Miccoli组血钙及PTH水平明显高于常规组(均P0.05),但前两组间无统计学差异(均P0.05);Miccoli组VAS明显低于另两组,且纳米炭组低于常规组(均P0.05)。术后1个月,各组血钙和PTH水平及VAS均无明显差异(P0.05)。术后3、6个月,Miccoli组的NSS明显低于另两组,而纳米炭组明显低于常规组(均P0.05)。所有患者均获得随访,随访时间为18～41个月。各组SLN损伤率无统计学差异(P0.05);纳米炭组与Miccoli组RLN损伤、甲旁减、低钙血症发生率均明显低于常规组(均P0.05),但纳米炭组与Miccoli组间比较差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);各组的复发率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:纳米炭与改良Miccoli术用于PTC全甲状腺切除术均能够有效保护患者的甲状旁腺功能,纳米炭技术的淋巴结清扫彻底性更好,而改良Miccoli技术更为微创。     

术中荧光微球免疫层析法快速识别甲状旁腺

目的 探讨荧光微球免疫层析法在甲状腺及甲状旁腺手术中快速辨识甲状旁腺的可行性。方法 收集2017年7月至10月吉林大学第一医院甲状腺外科同一医疗组进行甲状腺及甲状旁腺手术的36例病人资料。术中由同一术者使用1 mL注射器针头对手术中切除的可疑组织（甲状旁腺、脂肪、淋巴结、甲状腺）进行穿刺。使用HG-98免疫定量分析仪测出其T₁值（检测值）与C值（质控值）。比较不同组织T₁/C值的差异,并与病理结果对照。结果 共收集51组数据。甲状旁腺组织T₁/C值为(3.653±3.177),非甲状旁腺组织T₁/C值为(0.056±0.027),有统计学差异（P<0.01)。甲状旁腺与甲状腺、淋巴结、脂肪的T₁/C值之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。甲状旁腺与甲状旁腺腺瘤T₁/C值无统计学差异（P>0.05）。荧光微球免疫层析法识别甲状旁腺的灵敏度（真阳性率）95.7%（22/23）,特异度（真阴性率）100%（28/28）,假阳性率（误诊率）0（0/28）,假阴性率（漏诊率）4.4%（1/23）,准确率98.0%（50/51）。结论 应用荧光微球免疫层析法可术中即时辨识甲状旁腺组织,灵敏度和特异度高,操作简单、便捷,建议临床推广。