不同甲状腺术式对患者术后甲状旁腺功能、血钙变化的影响

目的:探讨不同手术方式对患者术后甲状旁腺的功能、血钙变化方面的影响。方法:回顾性分析2005年3月—2015年2月1 000例行甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,根据其术式的不同分为7组:A组(甲状腺一侧腺叶切除),B组(甲状腺一侧腺叶切除结合同侧颈中央区淋巴清除术),C组(甲状腺两侧腺体切除术),D组(全甲状腺切除结合一侧颈中央区淋巴清除术),E组(全甲状腺切除结合单侧改良颈淋巴结清除术,单侧改良颈淋巴结清除术在操作时,将同侧II~VI区淋巴结也同时清除),F组(全甲状腺切除结合双侧改良颈淋巴结清除术),G组(单侧改良颈淋巴结清除术+对侧颈中央区淋巴结清除术+全甲状腺切除)。观察各组甲状旁腺激素和血钙水平。结果:各组术后血清甲状旁腺激素有下降趋势;A组和B组血钙下降不明显(P0.05),C组、D组、E组、F组、G组患者从术后72 h后均出现不同程度的低血钙,后4组术后72、120、168 h与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);除A、B组外,其他5组中,术前与术后甲状旁腺激素和血钙水平差值均较大,且低甲状旁腺激素、低血钙发生率较高。结论:低甲状旁腺激素、低血钙的高发率主要由甲状腺切除范围及颈部淋巴结清扫的范围大而引起,术中应注意甲状旁腺的保护。     

不同甲状腺手术方式对甲状旁腺功能及血钙的影响

探讨甲状腺手术不同术式及切除范围对患者术后甲状旁腺功能及血钙水平的影响。回顾性分析2015年1月—2020年1月354例行甲状腺手术治疗患者的临床资料。依据其所接受的术式进行分组:行单侧甲状腺切除术共123例(A组);行甲状腺单侧腺叶+峡部切除+同侧中央区淋巴结清除119例(B组);行甲状腺全部切除+双侧中央区淋巴结清除术79例(C组);行甲状腺全部切除+双侧中央区淋巴结清除+侧颈区淋巴结清除术者(D组)33例。观察各组患者手术前后甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平及血钙水平变化情况。各组患者术前PTH水平及血钙水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后各组患者PTH及血钙水平均较术前有所降低,但A、B两组手术前后差异无统计学意义(P0.05);C、D两组患者术后PTH及血钙水平下降明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);C、D两组术后低钙血症的发生率明显高于A、B两组,但较既往报道稍低。由于甲状腺手术范围及术式的不同,其术后甲状旁腺功能减退症及低钙血症的发生率确实存在差异,对于进行甲状腺全切及淋巴结清除的患者,尤其要重视甲状旁腺的保护。应用纳米碳负显影技术及精细化被膜解剖等技术,对甲状旁腺的保护具有一定的价值。     

甲状腺疾病不同术式对术后低甲状旁腺激素、低血钙的发生影响分析

目的探讨3种不同外科手术方法对患者术后甲状旁腺激素(PTH)和血钙水平变化的影响。方法选取2013年7月至2016年2月进行甲状腺手术的患者300例进行回顾性研究。根据手术方式分为3组:A组(甲状腺一侧腺叶切除),B组(甲状腺一侧腺叶切除结合同侧颈中央区淋巴清除术),C组(全甲状腺切除结合一侧颈中央区淋巴清除术)。数据分析采用SPSS20.0统计学软件进行,血PTH和血钙水平用(x珋±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验,术后并发症发生率用百分比(%)表示,计数资料采用χ2检验,P0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果 3组术后PTH和血钙水平较手术前均有下降(P0.05);术后7 d A组、B组PTH和血钙下降趋势相当,C组PTH和血钙下降显著低于A、B组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 3种甲状腺术式均会影响甲状腺的功能,术后PTH和血钙水平的降低与甲状腺切除范围相关,术中和术后应注意甲状旁腺的保护来预防甲状腺功能的衰退。     

甲状腺手术不同术式对甲状旁腺功能影响的临床观察

背景与目的：手术是治疗甲状腺疾病的一种极为重要的方式,而甲状旁腺功能减退是甲状腺手术的常见并发症之一。由于各类甲状腺疾病采取的手术方式不同,对甲状旁腺功能的影响也可能不同。本研究探讨甲状腺不同术式对甲状旁腺功能影响的差异并分析原因。 方法：回顾性分析2017年8月—2019年3月收治的319例甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,其中,行甲状腺单侧腺叶切除111例（单侧切除组）、行甲状腺双侧腺叶切除107例（双侧切除组）、行甲状腺双侧腺叶切除+中央区淋巴清扫术71例（双侧切除+VI区清扫组）、行甲状腺双侧腺叶切除+中央区淋巴清扫术+侧颈区淋巴清扫术30例（双侧切除+II~VI区清扫组）。术中在患侧近峡部周围被膜选择1~2点,每点注射0.1~0.2 mL纳米炭混悬注射液,所有患者均采取精细被膜解剖法原位保留甲状旁腺,若术中发现甲状旁腺无法原位保留则立即将该甲状旁腺剪成薄片或匀浆移植包埋于胸锁乳突肌中。观察并比较各组手术前后甲状旁腺激素（PTH）与血钙水平的变化以及术后甲状旁腺功能减退与低钙血症发生率。 结果：各组术前一般资料及PTH与血钙水平均无统计学差异（均P>0.05）。各组术后PTH和血钙浓度均较术前明显降低（均P<0.01）,但两者的下降幅度在术后相同时间点随着手术范围扩大而明显增大,即单侧切除组<双侧切除组<双侧切除+VI区清扫组<双侧切除+II~VI区清扫组,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。甲状旁腺功能减退与低钙血症的发生率同样随着手术范围扩大而升高,单侧切除组、双侧切除组、双侧切除+VI区清扫组、双侧切除+II~VI区清扫组甲状旁腺功能减退发生率分别为9.9%、32.7%、56.3%、73.3%,低钙血症发生率分别为0、1.9%、19.7%、50.0%,组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。所有患者随访至24周,无永久性甲状旁腺功能减退发生。 结论：各种甲状腺手术均对甲状旁腺功能有一定的影响,且手术范围越大,甲状旁腺受损的几率越大,发生甲状旁腺功能减退的风险越高。因此,无论何种术式术中均应对甲状旁腺实施保护,术中精细操作,减少对甲状旁腺血运影响,从而尽可能地降低甲状旁腺功能减退的发生率。     

不同淋巴结清除术式对甲状腺乳头状癌患者术后PTH及血清钙的影响

探讨不同淋巴结清除术式对甲状腺乳头状癌患者术后PTH及血清钙的影响。146例甲状腺乳头状癌患者随机分为中央区清除组(n=73)和同侧改良清除组(n=73),中央区清除组患者行甲状腺一侧叶、峡部全切,同时行中央区淋巴结清除术;同侧改良清除组患者行甲状腺一侧叶、峡部全切,同时行同侧颈部淋巴结改良清除术。分别于术前(T0),术后1 d(T1)、3 d(T2)、7 d(T3)、14 d(T4)对2组患者甲状旁腺素和血清钙水平进行检测,比较2组患者甲状旁腺功能减退及低血清钙发生情况。中央区清除组患者术后各时相点PTH和血清钙水平均高于同侧改良清除组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),与术前相比,2组患者T1~T4时相点PTH浓度均降低(P0.05),中央区清除组患者T1~T2时相点血清钙浓度均降低(P0.05),同侧改良清除组患者T1~T4时点血清钙浓度均降低(P0.05);中央区清除组患者甲状旁腺功能减退和低血清钙发生率分别为12.3%和9.6%,均低于同侧改良清除组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。中央区淋巴结清除术在一定程度上可以有效降低对甲状旁腺的影响,减少低血清钙的发生,效果优于同侧颈部淋巴结改良颈清除术。     

改良Miccoli术式下甲状腺全切除病人甲状旁腺功能保护的研究

目的:探讨甲状腺全切除术后病人甲状旁腺功能减退的影响因素及改良Miccoli术式对于甲状旁腺功能保护的作用。方法:回顾性分析2012年8月至2013年7月在我科行甲状腺全切除的206例病人临床病理资料,根据手术范围分为甲状腺全切除组、全切除+单侧中央区清扫组、全切除+双侧中央区清扫组,对术后甲状旁腺功能减退的可能因素进行分析。结果:206例病人中33例出现甲状旁腺功能减退(16.0%),其中1例为永久性甲状旁腺功能减退(0.5%)。不同年龄、性别、原发灶手术范围的病人术后甲状旁腺功能减退的发生无统计学差异(P0.05)。甲状腺恶性肿瘤(P=0.048)、原位保留甲状旁腺数量减少(P=0.003)、中央区淋巴结转移7枚(P=0.036)的病人,易发生甲状旁腺功能减退。结论:术后甲状旁腺功能减退与原发灶性质、原位保留甲状旁腺数量、中央区淋巴结转移数量有关,改良Miccoli术式在一定程度有利于术中更好地发现和保护甲状旁腺。     

102例甲状腺癌中央区淋巴清除术中甲状旁腺保护体会

目的:总结甲状腺切除+中央区淋巴清除中甲状旁腺保护的体会。方法:回顾性分析102例于我院行甲状腺切除+中央区淋巴清除的患者,统计术后患者出现低甲状旁腺激素血症、低钙血症、症状性低钙血症的发生率。结果:术后暂时性低甲状旁腺激素血症发生率35.29%(36/102);低钙血症发生率69.61%(71/102);症状性低钙血症发生率36.27%(37/102);无一例出现永久性低钙血症。结论:各种甲状腺术式对甲状旁腺功能均有不同程度的影响,手术范围越大,术后并发甲状旁腺功能减退的可能性越大。术后甲状旁腺功能减退的预防,就在于术者必须秉承高度负责的态度,术中仔细识别甲状旁腺,精细化操作,注意对甲状旁腺动脉及回流静脉的保护,采取以原位保留为主,自体移植为辅的原则。     

双侧甲状腺切除术后甲状旁腺功能减退临床因素分析及防治

目的:探讨双侧甲状腺切除术后患者甲状旁腺功能减退与各临床因素的关系,总结术后甲状旁腺功能减退的预防和治疗。方法:2011年1—12月行双侧甲状腺手术患者193例,所有患者于术后第1、2天检测血钙及甲状旁腺素(PTH),术后1、3、6个月随访血钙和PTH。术后PTH低于正常值患者予口服碳酸钙和维生素D。结果:193例患者中25例(13.0%)出现甲状旁腺功能减退,其中19例(9.8%)为暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退,6例(3.1%)为永久性甲状旁腺功能减退。不同年龄、性别患者术后甲状旁腺功能减退发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。甲状腺恶性肿瘤、术中行淋巴结清除患者术后甲状旁腺功能减退发生率(24.7%、20.9%)高于良性肿瘤、未行淋巴结清除患者(5.2%、8.7%,P<0.01、P<0.05)。术中有甲状旁腺误切患者与无误切患者术后甲状旁腺功能减退发生率差异无统计学意义(24.0%vs 11.3%,P=0.08)。永久性甲状旁腺功能减退患者中行颈淋巴结清除者100%(6/6)、甲状旁腺误切者83.3%(5/6),两者比例均高于暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退患者(P<0.05、P<0.01)。25例甲状旁腺功能减退患者补充碳酸钙和维生素D后1例出现低钙血症。结论:甲状旁腺功能减退与患者的年龄、性别无关,与患者手术范围有关,颈淋巴结清除和甲状旁腺误切更易导致永久性甲状旁腺功能减退。术后选择性补充碳酸钙和维生素D可以有效减少低钙血症的发生。     

甲状腺手术中甲状旁腺损伤的预防和术后低钙血症的治疗

目的探讨甲状腺术中甲状旁腺损伤的预防和术后低钙血症治疗。方法选择134例接受甲状腺手术的患者作为研究对象,探讨不同手术方式术后甲状旁腺功能低下的发生情况、治疗效果及预后。结果双侧甲状腺叶全切除及中央区淋巴清扫术患者甲状旁腺功能低下症状的总发生率显著高于实施双侧腺叶次全切除术、单侧腺叶次全切除及对侧腺叶部分切除术及单侧或双侧甲状腺叶大部分切除术的患者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。实施甲状腺手术后1 d,患者血清Ca2+水平均有所下降,除单侧或双侧甲状腺叶大部分切除术外,与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3 d血清Ca2+水平开始回升,术后5 d时,仅有一侧腺叶全切除及对侧腺叶部分切除术以及双侧甲状腺叶全切除及中央区淋巴清扫术两种术式较术前的血清Ca2+水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。全部患者中共有9例发生低钙血症。结论为患者实施甲状腺手术时,应避免伤及甲状旁腺及其血供,可减少低钙血症的发生。     

甲状旁腺原位保护技术在甲状腺全切除术中的应用

目的:比较分析甲状腺全切除术中甲状旁腺的保护方法,探讨甲状旁腺原位保护技术在甲状腺全切除术中的意义。方法:选取2012年1月—2014年1月在我院行甲状腺全切除手术的患者452例,其中213例按照传统手术方案(不常规暴露甲状旁腺)进行手术(A组),239例采取甲状旁腺原位保护技术(B组);每组根据肿瘤性质分为良性组(A1、B1),恶性组(A2、B2)。分析各组患者术后第1天甲状旁腺功能减退(甲旁减)、低钙血症及症状性低钙血症的发生情况。结果:(1)A、B两组患者术后血钙及PTH与术前比较均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)A组患者术后第1天血甲状旁腺素(PTH)及血钙下降均值差明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)A组、A1组术后第1天不良反应发生率(低钙血症、甲旁减、症状性低钙血症)分别高于B组、B1组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A2组术后第1天甲旁减发生率明显高于B2组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),A2和B2组术后第1天低钙血症和症状性低钙血症发生率比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:甲状腺切除术会引起甲状旁腺功能损伤,提高对甲状旁腺的解剖认识、注重甲状旁腺的精细被膜解剖、保护其动静脉血供能降低术后暂时性甲旁减、低钙血症和症状性低钙血症的发生率。     

Intraoperative parathyroid hormone levels in thyroid surgery are predictive of postoperative hypoparathyroidism and need for vitamin D supplementation

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) levels are not monitored routinely in thyroid surgery, although they are used widely during parathyroidectomy as an indicator of parathyroid gland function. This prospective study evaluated the occurrence of hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery and the use of ioPTH levels to predict the need for postoperative vitamin D supplementation. METHODS: Seventy-two patients underwent thyroidectomy or neck dissection by 1 surgeon. Forty-five patients had a total thyroidectomy, 16 patients had a hemithyroidectomy, 9 patients had a completion thyroidectomy, and 2 patients had a neck dissection alone for recurrent thyroid cancer. ioPTH and serum calcium (SCa) levels were obtained during the course of surgery and 1 month after surgery. Levels from these time points were compared, and correlated with the need for vitamin D supplementation at the 1-month follow-up evaluation using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Of the 72 patients, 14 had an ioPTH level less than 10 pg/mL at closure. At the 1-month evaluation, 11 of these 14 patients required vitamin D supplementation because of persistent hypoparathyroidism or hypocalcemia (P <.001). The remaining 3 of the 14 patients with ioPTH levels less than 10 pg/mL at closure did not require vitamin D supplementation at the 1-month evaluation because they were asymptomatic and their PTH and SCa levels had normalized. None of the 58 patients with an ioPTH level greater than 10 pg/mL at closure needed vitamin D supplementation at the 1-month follow-up evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: An ioPTH level less than 10 pg/mL at closure is a strong predictor of hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery. Patients with ioPTH levels less than 10 pg/mL at closure should be placed on vitamin D supplementation after surgery to anticipate decreased parathyroid gland function and to avoid symptomatic hypocalcemia.     

Total thyroidectomy plus neck dissection in differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma patients: pattern of nodal metastasis, morbidity, recurrence, and postoperative levels of serum parathyroid hormone

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pattern of nodal metastasis, morbidity, recurrence rates of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) responses following neck dissection (ND) plus total thyroidectomy (TT). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: While hypoparathyroidism develops after TT plus ND, little is known of postoperative PTH response. METHODS: Of 155 PTC patients, 82 underwent TT plus bilateral central ND with/without lateral ND, while 73 underwent TT alone. The nodal metastasis pattern was determined and the recurrence, morbidity, and postoperative levels of serum calcium and PTH were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS: Of the 82 node dissection patients, metastatic nodes were present in the central neck of 51 (62.2%) and the lateral neck of 21 (25.6%) patients, most frequently in the ipsilateral and pretracheal central nodes and lateral jugular nodes. Four regional recurrences (2.6%) were found in 3 patients of the no node dissection group and one of the node dissection group (P = 0.37) during the follow-up lasting a mean 52 months. Overall morbidity and hypocalcemia was higher in the node dissection group than the no node dissection group (41 of 82, 50%; vs. 9 of 73, 12.3%; P < 0.001; 25 of 82, 30.5%; vs. 7 of 73, 9.6%; P = 0.001). Serum PTH levels significantly decreased immediately postoperatively in the node dissection group and remained low for several weeks thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: Serum PTH levels were significantly reduced following ND in PTC patients. Our data suggest that, when performing therapeutic ND plus TT, particular effort should be made to preserve the parathyroid glands and to monitor their function.     

术后甲状旁腺功能减退症危害研究进展

术后甲状旁腺功能减退症是甲状腺手术常见而严重的并发症，甲状旁腺损伤后甲状旁腺激素（PTH）迅速下降，出现低钙血症，影响病人的快速康复，甚至发展为永久性甲状旁腺功能减退，须终生口服钙剂和维生素D治疗。但临床医师往往忽略了术后甲状旁腺功能减退症的危害，这可能造成多器官系统的严重损害。因此，应提高临床医师对于术后甲状旁腺功能减退症的管理与防治水平。     

Hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy: early factors predicting long-term outcome

Hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy (TT) must be considered permanent in patients requiring calcium replacement after one year. The aim of this study was to identify early risk factors predicting long-term outcome of postoperative hypocalcemia. Among 453 patients who underwent TT from January 1998 to May 2003, a cross-sectional study between 44 patients with transient hypocalcemia (9.7%) and 3 patients with permanent hypocalcemia (0.7%) was carried out. Both low serum calcium level (< 8 mg/dl) and high serum phosphorus level (> 4.5 mg/dl), measured on postoperative day 7, were predictive for outcome. Central neck lymph node dissection, performed for thyroid carcinoma, also correlated with outcome. Serum phosphorus level > 4.5 mg/dl on postoperative day 7 resulted the only independent factor predicting permanent hypoparathyroidism. Therefore indication for central dissection would be very strict. When serum phosphorus level is unfavorable a correct replacement therapy is mandatory to prevent the consequences of permanent hypocalcemia.     

Low parathyroid hormone levels after thyroid surgery: a feasible predictor of hypocalcemia

BACKGROUND: Selecting patients with a low risk of hypocalcemia is mandatory if patients are to be discharged on the first day after bilateral thyroidectomy. This study investigated the predictive value of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH). METHODS: Thirty-eight patients underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy. Patients with or without biochemical and symptomatic hypocalcemia were compared regarding intraoperative PTH levels and previously suggested risk factors. The accuracy of intraoperative PTH to predict patients at risk for postoperative hypocalcemia was compared with a calcium concentration of less than 2.00 mmol/L (8.0 mg/dL) on the first postoperative day. RESULTS: PTH levels after resection of the second lobe, age, and number of parathyroid glands identified intraoperatively were independently associated with the reduction in serum calcium concentration measured at nadir on the first or second postoperative day. PTH levels after resection of the second lobe were lower among patients who developed biochemical (P <.001) and symptomatic hypocalcemia (P <.01) compared with those who did not. Low levels of intraoperative PTH identified the 3 patients who required intravenous calcium during the first 24 postoperative hours. An intraoperative PTH level below reference range and a calcium concentration of less than 2.00 mmol/L measured 1 day postoperatively both predicted biochemical hypocalcemia with a similar sensitivity (90% vs 90%) and specificity (75% vs 82%). Intraoperative PTH was slightly better than a serum calcium concentration of less than 2.00 mmol/L on postoperative day 1 to predict symptomatic hypocalcemia, with a sensitivity of 71% vs 52% and a specificity of 81% vs 76%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Parathyroid gland insufficiency is the main determinant of transient hypocalcemia after bilateral thyroid surgery. Low intraoperative PTH levels during thyroid surgery are therefore a feasible predictor of postoperative hypocalcemia.     

Comparison of serum calcium change following thyroid and nonthyroid neck surgery

OBJECTIVE: Compare serum calcium changes following thyroid and nonthyroid/parathyroid neck surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled historic cohort study of 190 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (TT, n = 97), completion thyroidectomy (CT, n = 27), and lateral neck dissection (ND, n = 66). RESULTS: Each group experienced significant corrected serum calcium drop pre-op to POD #1 (mean change (mg/dL) TT = 0.97, CT = 0.79, ND = 0.46; all P < 0.001) with significantly greater drop in TT and CT (P < 0.0001). TT and ND had significantly greater calcium drop from pre-op to PACU than CT (0.54, 0.43, 0.15; P = 0.04). TT and CT experienced significantly greater calcium drop from PACU to POD #1 than ND (0.45, 0.53, 0.05; P < 0.0001). No significant difference in hypocalcemia rate between TT and CT. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative calcium drop in nonthyroid neck surgery is likely hemodilutional, occurring intraoperatively, whereas in thyroid surgery it likely results from both hemodilution and parathyroid dysfunction with the latter manifesting after PACU. Postoperative calcium monitoring should be similar following total and completion thyroidectomy due to similar rates of hypocalcemia and mean calcium drops. EBM rating: B-3b.     

全甲状腺切除术后甲状旁腺的功能监测

目的 评估全甲状腺切除术后甲状旁腺功能减退症发生情况,探索早期预测术后低钙血症的方法.方法 对124例患者(甲状腺癌46例、结节性甲状腺肿78例)行全甲状腺切除术,恶性患者加行淋巴结清扫术,术前、术后1 h、1 d、2 d检测血钙和血PTH,观察术后甲状旁腺功能减退症发生情况,并用受试者工作特征曲线研究低钙血症早期预测指标.结果 58例发生术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退症(46.8%),甲状腺癌组22例(47.8%),结节性甲状腺肿组36例(46.2%),两组之间无明显差异(λ2=0.033,P=0.857);1例发生永久性甲状旁腺功能减退症(0.8%),发生在甲状腺癌组.术后90例(72.6%)出现血钙下降,58例(46.8%)出现血PTH下降,40例(32.3%)出现低钙症状.甲状腺癌组术后血钙(F=21.358,P=0.000)、血PTH(F=18.253,P=0.000)下降程度重于结节性甲状腺肿组,术后1 h血PTH下降百分比可很好的预测有临床症状的低钙血症(曲线下面积为0.933),以PTH下降76.6%作为分界点,此时预测有临床症状的低钙血症的敏感性为89.7%,特异性为87.9%. 结论全甲状腺切除术加行淋巴结清扫会加重术后血钙、血PTH下降程度但不会增加甲状旁腺功能减退症发生率;术后1 h血PTH下降百分比可预测低钙血症的发生.     

三种甲状腺手术方法对甲状腺、甲状旁腺功能的影响分析

目的探讨三种甲状腺手术方法对甲状腺癌患者甲状腺、甲状旁腺功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2012年至2015年手术治疗的甲状腺癌患者125例,根据手术方式分为3组,其中A组57例行甲状腺全切+颈淋巴结清扫术,B组36例行甲状腺全切除术,C组32例行甲状腺次全切除术。数据分析用SPSS16.0软件进行,甲状腺功能、甲状旁腺功能和血清钙中的指标用均数±标准差(x珋±s)表示,t检验;低血钙发生率用百分率(%)表示,卡方检验;P0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。结果手术后3 d三组患者的T3和FT3以及T4和FT4均显著低于术前,而TSH显著高于术前(P0.05);C组患者的PTH(29.6±12.6)pg/ml显著高于A、B组的患者,且差异具有统计学意义(F=4.568,P0.05);三组甲状腺癌患者术后血清钙均下降,且差异具有统计学意(P0.05),而C组患者的血清钙显著高于A、B组的患者,且术后低血钙发生率(18.7%)也显著低于A(59.6%)、B组(41.67%)的患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论手术治疗对甲状癌患者的甲状腺功能以及甲状旁腺功能均有显著影响,不同手术方式对甲状腺功能的影响无显著差异,而随着甲状腺手术方式和范围的扩大甲状旁腺功能减退和低血钙发生率增高。     

Parathyroid autotransplantation with total thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma: long-term follow-up of grafted parathyroid function.

BACKGROUND: Permanent hypoparathyroidism is a major complication of thyroidectomy. Autotransplantation of parathyroid glands has been attempted to prevent this complication. However, no direct data have been available to assess grafted parathyroid function after long-term follow-up in terms of the serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration. METHODS: Eighty-four consecutive patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral modified neck dissection from 1992 to 1996 were enrolled. They concomitantly underwent total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation of all parathyroid glands to the pectoralis major muscle. The serum intact PTH concentration was periodically measured as an index of grafted parathyroid function. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 34 months. In all autotransplanted patients serum intact PTH concentrations fell below detectable limits immediately after surgery. They were restored to the normal range within 1 month postoperatively and were maintained during observation in 80 (95%) of 84 patients. Seventy-eight of 80 patients with normal intact PTH values were normocalcemic without any treatment and the remainder were normocalcemic with 1 microgram of 1 alpha-vitamin D3. Four hypoparathyroid patients were normocalcemic with 2 micrograms of 1 alpha-vitamin D3. The postoperative average serum intact PTH concentration of patients having more than 2 autotransplanted parathyroid glands was almost equal to that of patients with preservation of the parathyroid glands in situ. The incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism was inversely correlated with the number of autotransplanted parathyroid glands. CONCLUSIONS: The recovery patterns of the intact PTH concentration indicate that the glands were grafted successfully and functioned for a long period. This feasible method of parathyroid autotransplantation bears comparison with the previous reports in terms of the incidence of permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism, and it can be performed simply and is reproducible.