可卡因-安非他明调节转录肽基因与2型糖尿病的关联研究

目的 探讨可卡因-安非他明调节转录肽（CARTpeptides)基因在国人中的多态性及与2型糖尿病及其临床特征的关系。方法 用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态（PCR-SSCP）的方法。对无亲缘关系的401例华南地区汉族人CART基因的3个外显子及内含子连接部进行筛查（包括180例糖耐量正常者及221例2型糖尿病患者）并进行测序鉴定。结果 （1）在中国汉族人中存在着CART基因的多态性,为DNA链1457位上的碱基A缺失,位于外显子3的3′端非翻译区。等位基因频率为：A 83.6%,A-16.4%,基因型频率为：A A 68.9%,A A-29.4%,A-A-1.7%。（2）在糖尿病组中CART-A的等位基因频率为：A 84.6%,A-15.4%,基因型频率为：A A 71.9%,A A-25.3%,A-A-2.7%,CART基因A的缺失与糖尿病无明显关联。（3）在糖尿病中有CART基因A缺失的基因型中总胆固醇,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与对照组有明显差异。结论 中国汉族人中存在着CART基因的多态性。此多态性与糖尿病无明显关联。但涉及糖尿病脂代谢紊乱。     

2型糖尿病患者亚临床动脉粥样硬化与胰岛素抵抗

目的观察2型糖尿病(DM)患者亚临床动脉粥样硬化(AS)与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的相关性。方法174例2型DM患者按有无颈动脉内膜-中膜(CA-IMT)增厚分为增厚组(92例),单纯DM组(82例),另设正常对照组(60例)。对3组均测空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FIns),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果增厚组HOMA-IR明显高于单纯DM组及正常对照组(均P<0.01),单纯DM组高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。结论2型DM伴亚临床AS与IR呈正相关,提示IR是2型DM及AS的危险因素。     

老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的观察

目的：探讨老年2型糖尿病患颈动脉硬化以及粥样斑块与各种危险因子的关系。方法：用彩色多普勒超声观察68例老年2型糖尿病患双侧颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）。结果：内膜增厚组及斑块形成组空腹胰岛素水平、24h尿白蛋白定量明显增加（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），并且随着内膜增厚程度的加重，这种增加越明显，而胰岛素敏感指数明显降低（P＜0．05）。空腹、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白及餐后2h胰岛素、血脂各项指标在各组间变化不明显。内膜增厚组及斑块形成组年龄，有高血压、冠心病、脑血管病史的百分比，高血压病程，收缩压，舒张压值均有明显增高（P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。吸烟人数百分比、糖尿病病程无明显差异。结论：老年糖尿病患IMT增厚心脑血管疾病的发病率增高，这与他们存在高胰岛素血症、低胰岛素敏感性以及有较高的尿白蛋白水平有关，IMT可作为早期观察糖尿病大血管并发症的一种方法。     

2型糖尿病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与下肢动脉硬化的关系

目的 探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者下肢动脉硬化的关系,并分析影响2型糖尿病患者Hcy代谢的因素.方法 将118例2型糖尿病患者分为2组：无下肢动脉硬化并发症组（55例）和2型糖尿病合并下肢动脉硬化病变组（63例）;60例体检正常者作为正常对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定血浆Hcy浓度,发光免疫法测定叶酸、VitB12浓度;自动生化分析仪测定空腹血糖（FBS）、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）.对各组不同指标的差异进行统计学分析.结果 2型糖尿病合并下肢动脉硬化组患者血浆Hcy浓度较2型糖尿病无下肢动脉硬化组和对照组高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,血浆Hcy水平与叶酸、VitB12水平呈负相关.结论 Hcy参与了2型糖尿病下肢动脉硬化病变的发病过程,Hcy水平与叶酸、VitB12水平有关.     

Association of serum TRAIL levels with atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was originally isolated as an inducer of apoptosis. Recent cross-sectional and prospective studies suggest an inverse association of serum TRAIL levels with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and with an adverse outcome in patients with CAD or heart failure. However, it is unknown whether TRAIL can inversely reflect the progression of atherosclerosis from its early stage. We therefore examined the association between TRAIL measured by ELISA and intima-media thickness (IMT) in carotid and femoral arteries evaluated by ultrasonography as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis in 416 type 2 diabetic patients without any symptoms of CAD and heart failure. Concurrently, the existence of calcified plaque (CP) was examined. There was no significant association between TRAIL and carotid IMT (ρ = −0.096, p = 0.052) or femoral IMT (ρ = −0.025, p = 0.610), although TRAIL was associated with carotid IMT in a subset of patients with macrovascular diseases (ρ = −0.174, p = 0.034). No difference in TRAIL levels was found between two groups with or without CP. TRAIL may not be a good candidate as a biomarker to evaluate early-stage atherosclerotic lesions.     

Association of pulse pressure with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Pulse pressure is known to be a potent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, it has not been determined whether pulse pressure is associated with cerebrovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the present study was to investigate association of pulse pressure with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes and to determine whether age and gender affect the association. A cross-sectional study was performed using outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Carotid atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness were evaluated by intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries (IMT) and aortic pulse wave velocity (a-PWV), respectively. The relationship of brachial pulse pressure with IMT was analyzed. Pulse pressure was significantly correlated with age, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, serum sialic acid, a-PWV and IMT. The mean IMT in the highest tertile group of pulse pressure after adjustment for gender was significantly higher than the mean IMT in the lowest tertile group. In analysis using subgroups of gender, a significant correlation between pulse pressure and IMT was shown in women but not in men. In multiple regression analysis, there was a significant correlation between pulse pressure and IMT in women independently of age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, atherogenic index, a-PWV, history of therapy for hypertension and history of nephropathy. The results of this study suggest that pulse pressure is a major age-independent predictor of carotid atherosclerosis in female patients with diabetes.     

2型糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化与炎症

糖尿病与动脉粥样硬化关系密切,表现为糖尿病患者出现动脉粥样硬化的时间早、程度重和预后差,而出现动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的患者有相当部分出现不同程度的糖调节受损。控制血糖可以明显减少慢性微血管并发症,但不能显著降低动脉粥样硬化所致的大血管并发症。近年的研究提示,2型糖尿病和动脉粥样硬化可能是同一个病理基础上平行发展的两个疾病(图1),糖调节受损的出现意味着导致动脉粥样硬化的危险因素的作用加强。他们的共同基础是慢性、亚临床性的炎症,以图及1炎症导致的胰岛素抵抗[1]。炎症是2型糖尿病和动脉粥样硬化的共同土壤一、炎症导…     

2型糖尿病患者趾臂指数(TBI)与动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 研究踝臂指数(ABI)正常的2型糖尿病患者趾臂指数(TBI)与动脉粥样硬化的相关性.方法 瑞金医院内分泌代谢病科门诊收集的945例ABI正常(0.9≤ABI＜1.3)患者,根据TBI分为正常组(TBI≥0.6,n=893)和降低组(TBI＜0.6,n=52).分析TBI与颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的相关性,以及TBI降低与动脉粥样硬化之间的关系.结果 TBI降低组的年龄及HbA1C明显高于TBI正常组.TBI与IMT显著负相关,回归系数β=-0.217(P＜0.01).按照TBI＜0.6,0.6≤TBI＜0.8,0.8≤TBI＜1.0,TBI≥1.0分为4组,以TBI等级变量为自变量,是否发生动脉粥样硬化为因变量,进行多元logistic回归分析,TBI降低是动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素(OR=1.30,95% CI 1.01～1.69,P＜0.05).结论 在2型糖尿病中,TBI的降低是动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,有必要在糖尿病患者中早期检测TBI,以便检测到ABI不能发现的动脉硬化及狭窄,及早进行干预,降低糖尿病动脉粥样硬化的风险.     

老年高血压缺血性脑卒中合并2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的分析

目的应用CT血管成像联合颈动脉超声检查对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块进行评价,并探讨其与2型糖尿病的关系。方法选择缺血性脑卒中患者152例,根据诊断分为糖尿病组56例,非糖尿病组96例,并进行CT血管成像联合颈动脉超声检查,分析斑块性质、形态,观察发生缺血性脑卒中事件相关因素,logistic回归分析老年缺血性脑卒中颈动脉粥样硬化程度与糖尿病的相关性。结果与非糖尿病组比较,糖尿病组颈动脉内膜中层增厚及斑块发生率高,易损斑块多,颈总动脉分叉部及动脉狭窄比例高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析表明,空腹血糖(OR=5.924,95%CI:1.176～2.468,P=0.003)与颈动脉粥样硬化程度密切相关;LDL-C(OR=2.283,95%CI:1.108～4.276,P=0.009)、纤维蛋白原(OR=1.856,95%CI:1.287～3.095;P=0.011)与颈动脉粥样硬化程度相关。结论老年缺血性脑卒中合并2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度重,危险因素多于非糖尿病患者;常规对于颈动脉粥样硬化患者进行定期的血糖检测有重要参考价值。     

瘦素与2型糖尿病患者合并下肢动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的探讨瘦素与2型糖尿病患者下肢动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法选取2016年9月至2017年1月就诊于北京大学国际医院内分泌科的男性2型糖尿病患者71例,均行下肢动脉超声检查,根据是否合并下肢动脉粥样硬化分成下肢动脉粥样硬化组(38例)和无下肢动脉粥样硬化组(33例)。比较两组患者一般资料、生化指标和瘦素水平,采用多因素Logistic回归分析2型糖尿病患者下肢动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。结果两组患者年龄、糖尿病病程、体质指数、血压、血脂差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。下肢动脉粥样硬化组较无下肢动脉粥样硬化组空腹血糖[7.97(6.37,9.37) mmol/L比6.97(6.27,8.04) mmol/L]、糖化血红蛋白[(8.15%±1.79%)比(7.31%±1.22%)]和瘦素水平[(227.60±58.08) ng/L比(176.60±43.94) ng/L]均显著升高(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析提示瘦素(OR=1.016,95%CI 1.002～1.030,P=0.024)及糖化血红蛋白(OR=1.745,95%CI 1.060～2.874,P=0.029)是2型糖尿病患者下肢动脉粥样硬化的危险因素(P0.05)。结论瘦素与2型糖尿病患者合并下肢动脉粥样硬化的发生有相关性。     

2型糖尿病合并牙周病患者动脉粥样硬化相关因素分析

目的为2型糖尿病合并牙周病患者动脉粥样硬化的防治提供依据。方法采用彩超测定60例2型糖尿病合并牙周病患者（观察组）及50例无牙周病的糖尿病患者（对照组）的颈动脉内膜—中膜厚度（IMT）;取其血液标本,葡萄糖氧化酶法测空腹血糖（FPG）,ELISA法测定空腹胰岛素（FINS）,酶比色法测定TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C,免疫比浊法测定C反应蛋白（CRP）,ELISA法测定可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）,同时计算BMI、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）,对IMT与上述指标行Pearson相关分析和多元线性逐步回归分析。结果观察组FPG、FINS、TG、CRP、sICAM-1、IMT、HOMA-IR水平均明显高于对照组,而HDL-C水平明显低于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。直线相关分析示IMT与年龄、FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR、CRP、sICAM-1、BMI呈正相关（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,与HDL-C呈负相关（P〈0.01）。多元线性逐步回归分析示IMT与HOMA-IR、CRP、LDL-C呈正相关。结论血清CRP水平升高是影响2型糖尿病合并牙周病患者动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素之一。     

阿托伐他汀对老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化的影响。方法选择100例合并颈动脉硬化的老年2型糖尿病患者,随机分为对照组50例(仅控制血糖)和联合组50例(在控制血糖基础上,口服阿托伐他汀20mg/晚),疗程为12个月。测定治疗前后颈动脉硬化相关指标、血脂及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)。结果两组患者治疗前颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、斑块检出率、斑块Crouse积分及颈动脉内径无显著差异;与治疗前比较,对照组治疗12个月后颈动脉IMT、斑块检出率及Crouse积分明显增加(P<0.05),颈动脉内径、血脂及hs-CRP水平无明显变化;联合组治疗12个月后颈动脉IMT、斑块检出率、Crouse积分明显降低,颈动脉内径明显增加(P<0.05),治疗6个月、12个月后血清LDL-C、TG、TC、hs-CRP明显降低,HDL-C明显升高(P<0.05)。IMT、Crouse积分均与LDL-C、TG、TC、hs-CRP呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论在控制血糖的同时,联合应用阿托伐他汀,对延缓老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化进展有一定影响。     

起病类似1型糖尿病的2型家族性部分性脂肪萎缩糖尿病一例

脂肪萎缩糖尿病是一类由于胰岛素作用的遗传缺陷所致的特殊类型糖尿病,本文中报道了一例脂肪萎缩糖尿病女性患者,于青春期以高血糖伴酮症、胰腺炎起病,起病时空腹C肽低,诊断为特发1型糖尿病后,进一步检查发现患者月经紊乱,全身体脂比例降低,部分脂肪萎缩以及皮肤黑棘皮样改变,辅助检查显示高血糖和高甘油三酯血症,肝功能异常,空腹与餐后C肽明显增高,重度脂肪肝及双侧卵巢多囊样改变。并且其父亲亦存在部分脂肪萎缩和高甘油三酯血症,经基因检测提示该患者及其父亲均存在LMNA Lys486Glu突变,由于该患者起病方式较为特殊,其脂肪萎缩范围较同型患者更广,且存在LAMN基因新的氨基酸改变,提示可能为家族性部分脂肪萎缩糖尿病2型这一新的亚型。     

Correlations of visceral fat accumulation and atherosclerosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

We tested the hypothesis that increased abdominal visceral fat accumulation (VFA) is associated with insulin resistance and aortic stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not receiving insulin treatment. The study consisted of 22 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and high VFA (> or =100 cm(2); age, 61 +/- 7 years; high VFA group) and a control group of 18 age-matched patients with normal VFA (<100 cm(2); age, 60 +/- 8 years; normal VFA group). Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV) was measured by automatic oscillometric method. The BaPWV was used as an index of atherosclerosis. The body mass index values (P < .05), waist circumferences (P < .0005), and waist-to-hip ratios (P < .05) were larger in the high VFA group than in the normal VFA group. The BaPWV was higher in the high VFA group than in the normal VFA group (P < .0001). Fasting plasma glucose (P < .05), insulin concentrations (P < .0001), and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index (P < .001) were higher in the high VFA group than in the normal VFA group. Multiple regression analysis showed that the VFA level was independently predicted by BaPWV and the HOMA index. Our results indicate that the elevation of VFA in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by increased aortic stiffness and insulin resistance and that BaPWV and the HOMA index are independent predictors of VFA.     

Premature atherosclerosis in a 17-year-old male with diabetes mellitus and familial dyslipoproteinemia]

A 17-year-old male was admitted with an acute myocardial infarction. A coronarography showed 90% occlusion in of the descendent anterior artery. A coronary angioplasty was done with excellent response. As coronary risk factors he had diabetes mellitus for 5 years and dyslipidemia with a phenotype IIb and hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia. The case is discussed in regard to the possible etiopathogenic causes for his premature atherosclerosis.     

血清骨硬化蛋白、内皮细胞特异性分子1与2型糖尿病亚临床动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 探讨血清骨硬化蛋白(Sclerostin)、内皮细胞特异性分子1(Endocan)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)亚临床动脉粥样硬化(SAS)的关系。方法 选取2019年2月—2021年3月郴州市第一人民医院收治的117例T2DM患者为研究对象,统计T2DM患者SAS发生情况;分析血清Sclerostin、Endocan与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(CIMT)的相关性;分析T2DM患者发生SAS的影响因素;分析血清Sclerostin、Endocan预测T2DM患者发生SAS的价值。结果117例T2DM患者中有68例(58.12%)出现SAS。单因素分析结果显示：T2DM患者SAS的发生与年龄、T2DM病程、合并高血压、空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、纤维蛋白原、CIMT、Sclerostin、Endocan有关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄、LDLC、CIMT、FPG、Sclerostin、Endocan均是T2DM患者发生SAS的影响因素(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示：Sclerostin、...     

血清CTRP5、脂联素与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)血清C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白5(CTRP5)、脂联素(APN)的水平与颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)的关系。方法:采用病例对照研究,纳入2019年8月至2019年11月就诊于山西医科大学第二医院的患者共125例,其中健康对照组45例,T2DM无CAS患者(T2DM组)40例及T2DM合并C...     

Early-stage atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed,untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate early-stage atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed, untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).MethodsThe study subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were then divided into three groups, according to plasma glucose level: those in the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) < 6.1 mmol/L and 2 h postload glucose (2hPPG) < 7.8 mmol/L; those in the IGT group had FPG < 6.1 mmol/L and 2hPPG ≥ 7.8 mmol/L; and those in the T2DM group had FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or 2hPPG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L. Haemodynamic variables and brachial–ankle pulse-wave velocities (baPWV) in the three groups were compared.ResultsThe baPWV value increased with increases in plasma glucose, and was significantly and positively correlated to age, FPG, 2hPPG, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio. Significant differences were found between the baPWV values in the NGT and IGT groups (1602 ± 347 vs 1707 ± 351 cm/s, respectively; P = 0.005), and between the NGT and DM groups (1602 ± 347 vs 1762 ± 381, respectively; P < 0.001). The results of multiple regression analyses showed that 2hPPG was closely related to baPWV as well as to SBP and DBP.ConclusionEarly-stage atherosclerosis is present in newly diagnosed, untreated T2DM and IGT patients, and it may be that its early assessment, along with good control of hypertension and hyperglycaemia, will help to delay its progression.     

Association between serum estradiol concentrations and carotid atherosclerosis in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between serum estradiol concentration and carotid atherosclerosis in addition to major cardiovascular risk factors in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus because previous reports concerning the role of estrogen on atherosclerosis in men are conflicting. Serum estradiol concentrations were measured in 305 consecutive men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Relationships were evaluated between serum estradiol concentration and carotid atherosclerosis, as determined by ultrasonographically evaluated intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque score, in a subgroup of 144 diabetic patients, as well as major cardiovascular risk factors, including age, blood pressure, and lipid concentrations. An inverse correlation was found between serum estradiol concentration and IMT (r = -0.174, P = .0369), but no correlation was found between serum estradiol concentration and plaque score. Patients with serum estradiol concentrations in the lowest tertile displayed significantly higher IMT compared with patients in the highest tertile (P = .0083). Serum estradiol concentration was not a determinant of IMT (beta = -.121, P = .1396) in the multiple regression analysis. An inverse correlation was found between serum estradiol concentration and triglyceride concentration (r = -0.136, P = .0186). In conclusion, serum estradiol concentration is inversely associated with carotid atherosclerosis as determined by ultrasonographically evaluated IMT in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.