听神经病听力学分析

目的 探讨听神经病的听觉电生理特点。方法 总结了10例听神经病患者的病史、纯音测听、镫骨肌反射、听性脑干反应（auditory brainstem response,ABR)、耳蜗电图、畸变产物耳声发射（distortion product otoacoustic emission,DPOAE)及对侧白噪声抑制试验、中潜伏期反应和慢皮层反应。5例患者作了颅脑CT或磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)。结果 患者男女兼有，平均年龄为20．3岁，10余岁的青少年占多数。9例主诉双耳听力下降，1例双耳鸣。纯音测听示19耳为轻度至中度的低频下降型感音神经性听力损失，听力损失最严重的频率为0．5kHz或（和）0．25kHz；1耳听力正常。19耳镫骨肌反射消失，1耳纯音测听为上升型曲线者反射阈提高。ABR不能引出或仅出现波V和（和）波1。全部病例均可记录到DPOAE，但不能被对侧噪声抑制。耳蜗电图示大部分病例动作电位（action potential,AP)消失或振幅很小，负总和电位（negative summating potential,-SP)振幅绝对平均值为0．595μV，慢皮层反应皆正常，6例测中潜伏期反应5例正常。CT或MRI无异常发现。结论 听神经病早期纯音测听可正常，但其镫骨肌反射和ABR消失或阈值升高，其确切病变部位尚不明了，可能位于脑干平面以下的听觉系统。     

感音神经性聋患儿的听功能综合评估

目的探讨听力测试组合（ABR＋ASSR＋声场环境中的行为测听）在感音神经性聋患儿残余听力评估中的应用价值。方法48名（96耳）感音神经性聋患儿中能配合纯音测听的患儿19人（38耳）设为PTA组,进行纯音测听及ASSR检测;不能配合纯音测听的患儿29人（58耳）设为BA组,进行声场环境中的行为测听（behavior audiometry,BA）、ABR及ASSR检测。结果①PTA组0．5、1、2、4kHz各频率ASSR反应阈与纯音听阈显著相关（P〈0．01）,各频率相关系数分别为0．75、0．76、0．76、0．83,建立本实验室的ASSR—PTA直线回归方程;②BA组23耳ABR无反应但仍可引出ASSR,而ASSR无反应耳ABR均未能引出;BA组29例患儿中ASSR检测反应较好耳（29耳）在0．5～4kHz四个频率上,ASSR可测得83个反应阈值,行为测听可测得89个反应阈值,综合ASSR和行为测听可以得到96个反应阈值。结论与单项听力测试方法相比,听力测试组合（行为测听＋ABR＋ASSR）能为更小年龄、听力损失更重的患儿进行残余听力的评估,同时能对双侧耳间听力差异、各频率的听力损失程度进行评估,为听力损失病变的定位判断提供参考。     

听神经病听力学分析

目的　探讨听神经病的听觉电生理特点。方法　总结了 10例听神经病患者的病史、纯音测听、镫骨肌反射、听性脑干反应 (auditorybrainstemresponse ,ABR)、耳蜗电图、畸变产物耳声发射(distortionproductotoacousticemission ,DPOAE)及对侧白噪声抑制试验、中潜伏期反应和慢皮层反应。 5例患者作了颅脑CT或磁共振成像 (magneticresonanceimaging ,MRI)。结果　患者男女兼有 ,平均年龄为 2 0 3岁 ,10余岁的青少年占多数。 9例主诉双耳听力下降 ,1例双耳鸣。纯音测听示 19耳为轻度至中度的低频下降型感音神经性听力损失 ,听力损失最严重的频率为 0 5kHz或 (和 ) 0 2 5kHz;1耳听力正常。 19耳镫骨肌反射消失 ,1耳纯音测听为上升型曲线者反射阈提高。ABR不能引出或仅出现波Ⅴ或 (和 )波Ⅰ。全部病例均可记录到DPOAE ,但不能被对侧噪声抑制。耳蜗电图示大部分病例动作电位 (actionpotential,AP)消失或振幅很小 ,负总和电位 (negativesummatingpotential,-SP)振幅绝对平均值为 0 5 95 μV ,慢皮层反应皆正常 ,6例测中潜伏期反应 5例正常。CT或MRI无异常发现。 结论听神经病早期纯音测听可正常 ,但其镫骨肌反射和ABR消失或阈值升高 ,其确切病变部位尚不明了 ,可能位于脑干平面以下的听觉系统     

听神经病患者的临床听力学特点

目的探讨听神经病患者的临床听力学特点。方法自2003年1月～2007年5月共收集到22例听神经病患者的病例。总结听神经病患者的病史、纯音测听、鼓室曲线图、镫骨肌声反射、言语测听、听性脑干反应（auditory brainstem response，ABR）、耳蜗电图（electrocochleogram，ECochG）、畸变产物耳声发射（distortion product otoacoustic emission，DPOAE）及对侧白噪声抑制试验特点。其中10例患者行颅脑核磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）检查。结果男性患者9例，女性患者13例，发病年龄为10～20岁，表现为进行性双耳听力下降，7例患者伴有耳鸣，最突出的表现是言语识别率差，无噪声接触史和耳毒性药物应用史，无家族史。22例患者听力曲线包括上升型13例，平坦型7例，高频听力下降型2例；鼓室曲线图均为A型；镫骨肌声反射均消失。所有听神经病患者ABR不能引出；全部病例均可记录到DPOAE，但不能被对侧白噪声抑制。耳蜗电图显示17例患者-SP／AP〉0．4，5例患者动作电位（action potential，AP）消失或振幅很小，颅脑MRI检查无异常发现。结论听神经病患者听力学检查有以下共同特点：①双耳进行性听力下降，青少年发病，言语辨别能力甚差，听力损失程度不同，多为轻度到重度，少数为极重度，纯音听力大多为低频下降为主的感音神经性聋，一部分表现为平坦型、甚至高频下降型；②声导抗为“A”型鼓室曲线，镫骨肌声反射引不出；③DPOAE均可引出，耳声发射对侧抑制消失；④ABR引不出或严重异常；⑤影像学检查无任何阳性发现。听神经病的确定目前仍停留于功能性诊断，尚不能确定其病因、病变部位，详尽的听力学检查、典型的听力学表现有助干临床诊断。     

人工耳蜗植入后术耳残余听力跟踪分析

目的观察人工耳蜗植入后植入耳残余听力的变化。方法对人工耳蜗植入术前能较好配合行为测听的58例听障儿童,人工耳蜗植入后利用游戏测听或纯音测听评估其术耳残余听力,58例术后随访3个月,43例术后随访1年,17例术后随访2年。结果与术前0．25～4 kHz残余听力相比较,58例术耳术后3个月残余听力较术前明显下降（P＜0．05）,43例术后1年残余听力明显下降（P＜0．05）,但0．25～0．5 kHz残余听力较术后3个月提高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;17例术后2年0．25～0．5 kHz残余听力较术后3个月明显提高。结论人工耳蜗植入后可导致0．25～4 kHz各频率残余听力下降,但术后1、2年时0．25、0．5 kHz处的残余听力较术后3个月有所提高,1、2、4 kHz残余听力无明显改变。     

梅尼埃病患者的纯音测听和语言测听

对梅尼埃病患者听力下降情况进行研究 ,把 111例梅尼埃病患者分组和对照 ,进行纯音测听和语言测听 ,发现了一些未曾报告的现象。这是一种前瞻性临床群体研究 ,梅尼埃病者患耳的纯音测听和语言测听两方面均有下降。结果 :1听力图形表明听力损失多见于“低频”或“低频 +高频”听力下降类型 (P =0 .0 0 6 ) ;2并且发现听力曲线形态不取决于病期 ;3平均听力下降程度与病期无关 ;4客观听力资料和病人主观耳聋分类之间有一定关联 ,但不是非常明显。而在梅尼埃病患者非受累耳的纯音测听和语言测听之间存在关联(平行关系 ) ,但并没有证据表明语言…     

听神经病

目的介绍一种特殊的感音神经性听力疾患-听神经病,探讨其临床特征及听力学特点.方法报道5例听神经病患者,2例为成人;3例为儿童.记录患者的临床资料,并对患者进行纯音测听、脑干电反应测听、耳声发射、耳蜗电图及语言辨别率等听力学检查.结果5例均主诉听力下降,听力学检查纯音听阈为轻、中度感音神经性聋,与纯音测听不相符的语言辨别率明显下降,不能引出脑干诱发电位(ABR),耳蜗电图基本正常,畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)基本正常.提示外毛细胞功能正常,病变可能在听神经.结论听神经病是一种主诉听力下降,纯音听阈为轻、中度感音神经性聋,不能引出脑干诱发电位(ABR),畸变产物耳声发射正常的听力疾患,临床上应与其他感音神经性聋区别.     

原发性高血压患者听觉功能早期损害的临床研究

目的：探讨高血压对听觉功能早期损害的听力学特征,为临床研究和防治耳聋提供参考。方法：将68例（136耳）原发性高血压患者分为无眼底动脉硬化的高血压A组35例（70耳）,及伴有眼底动脉硬化的高血压B组33例（66耳）;另选30例（60耳）年龄、性别匹配且无高血压,听力正常者为对照组,分别进行纯音听阈、畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）等听力学测试。结果 高血压B组2000～8000Hz纯音听阈提高（P〈0．05）,高血压A组的纯音听阈与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;高血压A、B组的DPOAE反应幅值下降（P〈0．01）,仅高血压B组4000Hz的DPOAE检出率下降（P〈0．05）。结论：高血压会影响患者的听觉系统,即使患者主观上无明显的听力下降,但听觉功能可能已出现早期改变。     

正常青年人短纯音ABR和ASSR的相关性研究

目的比较正常青年人短纯音听性脑干反应（auditory brainstem response，ABR）和听性稳态反应（auditory steady-state response，ASSR）反应阈的差异及相关性。方法对10名（20耳）听力正常青年人进行短纯音ABR和ASSR反应阈测试，分别记录0．5．1、2和4 kHz的反应阈，比较这两种不同测试方法所得反应阈的特点及相关性。结果短纯音ABR和ASSR反应阈无显著性差异（P〉O．05），两者在0．5、1、2和4 kHz处的相关系数分别为0．49、0．52．0．64和0．76。结论正常青年人短纯音ABR反应阈和ASSR反应阈存在一定的相关性，高频处的相关性较低频好。     

听力正常儿童 chirp 声与 click 声听性脑干反应特征比较

目的：比较听力正常儿童chirp声与click声听性脑干反应的特征。方法选择97例（194耳）听力正常儿童,分别采用 CE－chirp 和 click 刺激声进行 ABR 检测,比较两种 ABR 波形辨认率,波Ⅲ、V 潜伏期,波 V反应阈及不同刺激声强度下波 V 的振幅及检测时间。结果chirp－ABR 波Ⅰ辨认率（36％）明显低于 click－ABR （100％）,chirp－ABR 与 click－ABR 波 V 反应阈值差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,在刺激声强度为80 dB nHL 时, chirp－ABR 波Ⅲ、V 潜伏期比 click－ABR 短,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,且两种刺激声 ABR 波 V 振幅差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;在刺激声强度为50 dB nHL 时,chirp－ABR 波 V 振幅较 click－ABR 明显增大,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;在刺激声强度分别为80、50 dB nHL 时,chirp－ABR 波 V 振幅差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;chirp－ABR 较 click－ABR 检测时间短,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论与 click－ABR 相比,chirp－ABR 的反应幅度高,潜伏期短,检测时间短,用于儿童听力检测具有明显优势。     

儿童分泌性中耳炎的听力学分析

目的 分析儿童分泌性中耳炎的听力学特征,探讨不同听力学测试方法在儿童分泌性中耳炎诊断中的作用和准确性,为儿童分泌性中耳炎的诊断提供理论依据.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月～2011年6月诊断为分泌性中耳炎住院治疗的46例(81耳)患儿的资料.所有患儿均行中耳鼓膜切开,将声导抗、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、听性脑干反应(ABR)、纯音测听(pure tone audiometry,PTA)结果与术中所见进行比较分析,了解不同听力学测试方法在评估儿童分泌性中耳炎中的作用和准确性.结果 ①46例(81耳)患儿的DPOAE检查结果均提示双耳未通过,声导抗检查均为B型导抗图.鼓膜切开证实70耳有分泌物(86.42%),11耳无明显分泌物(13.58%).②34例(59耳)行ABR测试的患儿,鼓膜切开证实49耳(83.05%)有积液,其中6耳ABR反应阈正常,43耳ABR反应阈升高;46耳ABRⅠ波潜伏期延长,3耳Ⅰ波潜伏期正常.鼓膜切开证实无积液的10耳(16.95%),5耳ABR反应阈正常,5耳ABR反应阈升高;4耳ABRⅠ波潜伏期延长,6耳Ⅰ波潜伏期正常.③12例(22耳)行PTA测试的患儿,所有耳的听阈值均异常,气骨导差均大于10 dB,鼓膜切开证实22耳均有积液.④统计学分析结果显示,ABR气导反应阈值(Kappa=0.364,P<0.01)、Ⅰ波潜伏期(Kappa=0.561,P<0.01)与中耳积液有相关性.结论 声导抗测试对评估儿童分泌性中耳炎有较高的敏感性,PTA气导听阈及气骨导差、ABR气导反应阈值、ABRⅠ波潜伏期及DPOAE亦可较好地反映儿童中耳功能.     

Functional hearing loss in children

This report reviewed 39 school-age children diagnosed as having a functional hearing loss utilizing auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry during the past 5 years at the Department of Otolaryngology, Kyushu University Hospital in Japan. Twenty-seven cases were females and 12 were males. Seven cases had a hearing loss unilaterally and 32 bilaterally. Although pure-tone audiometry revealed a variety of audiogram shapes, two-thirds of the cases had a flat or saucer-shaped audiogram with a mild to moderately severe hearing loss. ABR audiometry for the frequencies of 1, 2 and 4 kHz indicated a normal hearing threshold in 65 ears of 35 patients, and mild threshold elevations of at least one frequency in the remaining 6 ears of 4 patients. Three illustrative cases were demonstrated, and a discussion was held regarding the features in audiometric tests, and environmental factors surrounding the children with this condition. We emphasized that the physiological hearing measurement such as ABR audiometry should be performed when any discrepancy was noted between the patient's history and results of pure-tone audiometry, because of not infrequent occurrence of functional hearing loss.     

变应性鼻炎对儿童中耳的影响

目的探讨变应性鼻炎对中耳听功能的影响。方法对变应性鼻炎患儿100例和正常儿童50例行耳镜检查、声导抗和纯音听阈的测定。分别对正常儿童组．轻度与中重度变应性鼻炎组的鼓膜异常率、鼓室导抗图异常率、听力损失率、昕阈值进行对比分析,并进行病程与各项观察指标的分析。结果轻度变应性鼻炎组与中重度鼻炎组、中重度鼻炎组与正常儿童组中耳病变和功能异常的发生率相比。差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）,而轻度变应性鼻炎组与正常儿童组相比,无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;轻度变应性鼻炎组和中重度变应性鼻炎组症状持续时间均与听力损失程度有相关性,病程越长听力损失越重,Spearman相关性检验,r值分别为0．86（P〈0．01）和0．79（P〈O．01）;三组纯音听阈均数经配对t检验,差异均有统计学意义户〈0．01）。结论儿童变应性鼻炎引起的中耳病变和听功能异常发生率较正常儿童显著提高,症状越重。病程越长,发生率越高。     

学龄前腭裂患儿听力学特征分析

目的　对正常儿和腭裂患儿的听力学检查结果进行分析比对,以探讨腭裂患儿的听力学特点以及年龄因素的影响。方法　对60例（120耳）腭裂患儿和76例（152耳）正常儿进行听性脑干反应（auditory brainstem response,ABR）和声导抗检查。结果　≤1岁的腭裂患儿比1～2岁和2～6岁患儿的ABR阈值增加（前者S=5.927,后者S =6.020,P <0.05）。同一年龄段的患儿与正常儿相比,ABR阈值增加（t =8.588、5.436、7.003,P <0.001）,I、III、V波潜伏期明显延长（<1岁组t =9.388、4.727、2.398,1～2岁组t =5.386、6.218、5.255,2～7岁组t =7.038、7.282、7.308,P 均<0.05）。腭裂患儿的高频听力损失程度为轻、中度,无重度和极重度听力障碍。3个年龄段腭裂患儿阈值异常率、鼓室图异常率、镫骨肌声反射异常率和分泌性中耳炎患病率差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）,而听力损失程度构成比差异有统计学意义（χ 2=14.20,P＜0.01）。结论　在学龄前婴幼儿腭裂群体中,当鼓室导抗图表现为B型或C型曲线,镫骨肌声反射未引出,同时ABR听阈增加,I、III、V波潜伏期延长,而各波间期无明显延长时,要高度警惕发生分泌性中耳炎,故应在早期行腭裂整复术同时进行鼓室置管术。     

未通过听力筛查的新生儿诊断测听结果分析

目的通过分析未通过听力筛查的新生儿诊断测听结果,全面了解这些幼儿的听力状况,以便更好地采取应对措施。方法对102例未通过新生儿听力筛查的幼儿进行畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）和听性脑干反应（ABR）测试,并参考声导抗测试结果进行听力学诊断。结果双耳听力正常33例（33。7％）;双耳听力异常47例（48％）,其中轻中度听力损失26例（26．5％）、重度以上听力损失21例（21．4％）;单耳听力正常18例（18．4％）。4例只进行了DPOAE测试者未记入最后统计数据。结论在未通过新生儿听力筛查的幼儿中,听力损失表现出一定程度的多样性,部分幼儿的听力有一定的波动。在临床工作中。应根据不同的听力损失情况做出相应处理。     

配戴助听器治疗伴有感音神经性听力减退的耳鸣患者的临床初探

目的探讨配戴助听器治疗伴有感音神经性听力减退的耳鸣患者的临床疗效。方法根据入组时的听力图类型将56名伴有感音神经性听力减退的耳鸣患者分为平坦型、上升型、下降型和切迹型4组,采用耳鸣残疾评估量表评估其配戴助听器前后耳鸣的变化程度,了解配戴助听器治疗伴有感音神经性听力减退的耳鸣患者的疗效。结果配戴助听器半年后,耳鸣情况得到改善,无论从THI总体得分,还是分别从功能性、情感性、严重性三个方面的评分来看,配戴助听器后均有明显改善（P〈0．01）,平坦型、上升型、下降型、切迹型4组之间没有差异（P〉0．05）。结论配戴助听器对部分伴有感音神经性听力减退的耳鸣患者有效。     

The quantification of pure-tone audiograms and auditory brain stem evoked responses using mathematical modeling procedures

The relationship between quantified pure-tone audiometric variables (namely, pure-tone audiometric slope and the degree of hearing loss) and the slope of the wave V L-I (latency-intensity) function of the ABR was investigated. The influence of loudness recruitment on the relationship between audiogram slope and the wave V L-I slope was also studied. Fifty-five ears were selected and divided into two groups (a positive Metz group consisting of 35 ears and a negative Metz group comprising 20 ears) for statistical analyses. The results of the study indicated no significant relationship between the audiogram variables and the slope of the wave V L-I function. However, a significant relationship emerged between the degree of hearing loss and the slope of the L-I function. The results also suggested that neither loudness recruitment nor audiometric configuration influenced the slope of the L-I function.     

Using a combination of click- and tone burst-evoked auditory brain stem response measurements to estimate pure-tone thresholds

DESIGN: A retrospective medical record review of evoked potential and audiometric data were used to determine the accuracy with which click-evoked and tone burst-evoked auditory brain stem response (ABR) thresholds predict pure-tone audiometric thresholds. METHODS: The medical records were reviewed of a consecutive group of patients who were referred for ABR testing for audiometric purposes over the past 4 yrs. ABR thresholds were measured for clicks and for several tone bursts, including a single-cycle, Blackman-windowed, 250-Hz tone burst, which has a broad spectrum with little energy above 600 Hz. Typically, the ABR data were collected because the patients were unable to provide reliable estimates of hearing sensitivity, based on behavioral test techniques, due to developmental level. Data were included only if subsequently obtained behavioral audiometric data were available to which the ABR data could be compared. Almost invariably, the behavioral data were collected after the ABR results were obtained. Because of this, data were included on only those ears for which middle ear tests (tympanometry, otoscopic examination, pure-tone air- and bone-conduction thresholds) indicated that middle ear status was similar at the times of both tests. With these inclusion criteria, data were available on 140 ears of 77 subjects. RESULTS: Correlation was 0.94 between click-evoked ABR thresholds and the average pure-tone threshold at 2 and 4 kHz. Correlations exceeded 0.92 between ABR thresholds for the 250-Hz tone burst and low-frequency behavioral thresholds (250 Hz, 500 Hz, and the average pure-tone thresholds at 250 and 500 Hz). Similar or higher correlations were observed when ABR thresholds at other frequencies were compared with the pure-tone thresholds at corresponding frequencies. Differences between ABR and behavioral threshold depended on behavioral threshold, with ABR thresholds overestimating behavioral threshold in cases of normal hearing and underestimating behavioral threshold in cases of hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ABR thresholds can be used to predict pure-tone behavioral thresholds for a wide range of frequencies. Although controversial, the data reviewed in this paper suggest that click-evoked ABR thresholds result in reasonable predictions of the average behavioral thresholds at 2 and 4 kHz. However, there were cases for which click-evoked ABR thresholds underestimated hearing loss at these frequencies. There are several other reasons why click-evoked ABR measurements were made, including that they (1) generally result in well-formed responses, (2) assist in determining whether auditory neuropathy exists, and (3) can be obtained in a relatively brief amount of time. Low-frequency thresholds were predicted well by ABR thresholds to a single-cycle, 250-Hz tone burst. In combination, click-evoked and low-frequency tone burst-evoked ABR threshold measurements might be used to quickly provide important clinical information for both ends of the audiogram. These measurements could be supplemented by ABR threshold measurements at other frequencies, if time permits. However, it may be possible to plan initial intervention strategies based on data for these two stimuli.     

Audiovestibular findings and location of an acoustic neuroma

Forty-one patients with unilateral acoustic neuroma (AN) were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 1992 and 1997. All cases were analyzed with respect to tumor location and the results of audiometric examinations, auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, and electronystagmography (ENG). Tumor location was determined by MRI and cases were divided into intracanalicular and extracanalicular sites. Intracanalicular tumors were significantly smaller than the extracanalicular ones The pure-tone hearing thresholds were better in ears with intracanalicular lesions than in those with extracanalicular ones. Respectively, speech reception thresholds were 33 dB and 45 dB, and speech discrimination scores 79% and 65%. ABR was abnormal in 98% of ANs, but was insufficient for determining tumor location. The ENG pursuit test was more frequently normal and the caloric side difference was smaller in ears with intracanalicular than extracanalicular AN. These findings show that the results of pure-tone and speech audiometry and ENG are better in ears with intracanalicular AN, while ABR results are similar regardless of tumor location. Received: 11 August 1999 / Accepted: 16 November 1999     

鼓室内注射激素在治疗突发性耳聋中的应用及疗效观察

目的 探讨鼓室内注射激素在治疗突发性耳聋过程中的应用及疗效。方法 将突发性聋70例70耳患者分为两组：治疗组40例(40耳)、对照组30例(30耳),治疗组采取鼓室穿刺注射甲泼尼龙+利多卡因,3次/周,2周为1个疗程,治疗前、后行听力学检查(纯音测听、耳鸣匹配等),评价疗效。结果 治疗组40例(40耳),耳鸣改善22耳,受损频率平均听力提高痊愈+显效8耳,有效19耳,无效13耳,有效率67.5%;对照组30例(30耳)均无明显改善。两组疗效相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0．01),患者未出现鼓室内感染、鼓膜穿孔和听力下降等并发症。结论 鼓室内注射甲泼尼龙+利多卡因治疗突发性耳聋确实有效,可推荐应用。