中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿的MRI表现与诊断

目的：研究中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿的MRI表现及鉴别诊断,旨在提高对该病的诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的9例肠源性囊肿患者的MRI表现。结果：本组9例患者中,囊肿均呈类圆形或梭形。多数肠源性囊肿T1WI呈均匀或不均匀的低信号,1例呈等信号;T2WI呈高信号;增强扫描后均无强化。结论：MRI对肠源性囊肿的诊断具有重要的价值,但缺乏特异性,结合肠源性囊肿的发生部位、形态及临床表现等信息,可减少肠源性囊肿的误诊率。     

中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿的MRI表现

目的探讨中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿的MRI特征,以提高鉴别诊断水平。资料与方法 7例经手术病理证实的中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿患者均行MR平扫加增强扫描,分析其特征性的MRI表现。结果 7例中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿中,6例位于椎管内硬脊膜下脊髓腹侧,1例位于松果体区。MRI显示病变信号均匀,T1WI呈低信号,6例稍高于脑脊液信号,1例与脑脊液信号等信号;T2WI呈高信号。增强扫描显示,5例无强化,1例囊肿边缘轻度强化,1例囊壁环形强化。结论中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿有其特征性的MRI表现,MRI检查对发现及诊断本病具有重要价值。     

中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿的MR诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿的MRI表现及其鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析7例经手术和病理证实的肠源性囊肿的临床和MRI资料。结果 7例肠源性囊肿,桥前池1例,椎管内髓外硬膜下6例,3例病变位于颈段,2例位于上段胸段,1例位于腰段。6例椎管内肠源性囊肿,5例囊肿位于脊髓腹侧,均可见"脊髓嵌入征"。多数囊肿T1Wl呈等或稍高于脑脊液信号,T2WI等或稍低于脑脊液信号。6例行MR增强扫描,5例囊壁及囊液均未见强化,1例囊壁轻度强化。结论 MRI对肠源性囊肿的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

椎管内肠源性囊肿1例

患者男,27岁。因颈部疼痛7年,加重伴四肢麻木无力4天,自末端向中心发展,弯腰时加重入院。查体:四肢感觉减退,左侧著,左侧肢体肌力IV级,右侧肢体肌力IV+级、肌张力偏高,双侧膝腱反射、跟腱反射亢进,Babinski征(+),Chaddock征(+)。MRI表现:颈3~5水平椎管内脊髓腹侧偏左髓外硬膜下可见一条形长T1长T2信号影,病灶内信号均匀,边界清晰,     

椎管内肠源性囊肿的MRI诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨椎管内肠源性囊肿的MRI特征性表现及其诊断和鉴别诊断的价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析14例经手术病理证实的椎管内肠源性囊肿的临床和MRI资料.所有病例均行MRI平扫,6例行MRI增强扫描.结果 11例位于髓外硬膜下,3例位于脊髓内.除1例表现为短T1、长T2信号,1例表现为等T1、长T2信号外,余12例病变平扫均表现为稍长或长T1、长T2信号,其中1l例信号均匀,l例信号不均.6例增强扫描,4例无强化,2例囊壁轻度强化.结论 MRI能够清晰显示椎管内肠源性囊肿的病变部位、大小、形态、信号强度等特征,对其诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

椎管内肠源性囊肿的MRI与临床诊断

目的 探讨椎管内肠源性囊肿的MRI与临床表现,旨在提高对该病的认识与诊断水平。资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的7例椎管内肠源性囊肿患者的MRI及临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果 7例椎管内肠源性囊肿均发生于髓外硬膜下,4例位于脊髓腹侧,3例位于背侧。脊髓受压变窄。平扫T1WI上类似或稍高于脑脊液信号,T2WI上为脑脊液样信号。增强扫描无明显强化。临床表现以脊髓压迫症状为主,均有短期内症状进行性加重的病程特点。结论 MRI对椎管内肠源性囊肿的诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值,对指导治疗及评价预后十分重要。     

垂体Rathke囊肿的MRI表现

目的:分析垂体Rathke囊肿的MRI表现,提高该病的诊断水平。方法:收集经手术及病理证实的垂体Rathke囊肿16例,均行常规及动态增强MRI检查。结果:2例囊肿位于鞍内,14例位于鞍内及鞍上,多呈圆形或椭圆形。根据囊肿内容物的不同表现为多种MRI信号,其中9例呈短T1、长T2信号,3例呈短T1、等T2信号,2例呈长T1、长T2信号,2例呈等T1、长短混杂T2信号;增强扫描仅1例囊肿边缘轻度强化。结论:垂体Rathke囊肿虽然少见,但仔细分析其MRI表现,有助于该病的正确诊断。     

椎管内肠源性囊肿3例

患者1男,20岁。腰背部痛伴左大腿疼痛2＋月。2＋月前无明显诱因出现腰背疼痛,呈隐痛,夜间静息性疼痛加重、下床活动后疼痛缓解,咳嗽及喷嚏时疼痛无明显加重,3周后疼痛向左大腿前外侧放射。体格检查：腰椎生理曲度变浅,腰5骶1棘突轻度压痛及叩击痛,双下肢肌力 V 级。M RI检查：腰2椎水平椎管内偏左后方见一大小约36mm ＆#215;22mm ＆#215;17mm长 T1长 T2混杂信号囊实肿块影,其内见斑点状短T1信号,病变上下方蛛网膜下腔增宽,病变大部分呈囊性,位于左后上方,实性部分位于右下方（图1a～1c ）。增强扫描囊壁及实性成分轻度不均匀强化（图1d箭头所示）。手术及病理：术中见腰1、2椎水平局部硬膜囊稍向后隆起,切开硬膜囊见肿物位于蛛网膜下,切开蛛网膜见脊髓圆锥下方有上下两个相连的类圆形肿物,上方肿物直径约3cm ,边界清楚、光滑,与神经等组织无明显粘连,呈囊性、内含透明粘液;下方肿物直径约1．5cm ,呈实性、内有多个囊性腔隙,小囊肿之间有肿瘤样组织,与周围脊髓圆锥、马尾神经等神经组织粘连紧密,界限不清,有部分神经束穿行其间。病理诊断：肠源性囊肿。     

肠源性囊肿的MR特征分析

目的 探讨肠源性囊肿MRI特征.方法 回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的肠源性囊肿8例,并复习相关文献.结果 8例肠源性囊肿,位于椎管内的7例,其中颈段椎管4例,胸段椎管1例,胸腰段椎管1例,骶段椎管1例;鞍区1例.椎管内肠源性囊肿:囊肿位于脊髓腹侧的4例,其它3例,MRI表现为:囊肿占位明显,多呈长椭圆形,与脊髓长轴一致,脊髓明显受压变扁,轴位像见病灶嵌入脊髓内,但与脊髓之间界限清晰,T1WI呈等或稍高于脑脊液信号, T2WI等或稍低于脑脊液信号.鞍区肠源性囊肿MRI表现为:病灶位于鞍内,T1WI呈低信号, T2WI呈高信号,边界清晰,垂体明显受压移位,鞍底下陷,增强MRI扫描囊肿边缘见半环形强化.结论 MRI有助于肠源性囊肿的诊断及鉴别诊断.     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的磁共振成像表现

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的磁共振成像（MRI）特征及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实的PCNSL的MRI表现。结果病理检查均为B细胞来源的弥漫性大B细胞性淋巴瘤。15例PCNSL19个病灶,单发13例（87％）,多发2例（13％）共6个病灶。病灶常位于脑表浅部位和近中线部位,T1wI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI及液体衰减反转恢复序列（FLAIR）呈等或稍高信号,弥散加权成像（DWI）呈高信号。所有病灶均明显强化,增强后病灶大多呈均匀实质团块状或结节状强化,典型的可出现“尖角征”、“握拳征”,3例可见小囊变,呈“硬环征”。结论PCNSL的MRI表现具有一定的特征性,术前MRI检查有助于诊断及鉴别诊断,结合患者影像学及临床资料,术前可作出明确诊断。     

中枢神经系统黑色素瘤的MRI表现

目的:探讨中枢神经系统黑色素瘤的影像表现,以期提高认识.方法:搜集经手术病理证实的中枢神经系统黑色素瘤8例,对其影像学表现进行分析.8例均行MRI平扫和增强扫描,7例行扩散加权成像(DWI)扫描,4例行氢质子磁共振波谱(1 H-MRS)扫描,2例行磁共振灌注(PWI)扫描.结果:8例患者原发2例,分别位于脑膜以及脊膜;转移6例,均位于脑内,多接近脑表面.信号表现:典型的黑色素瘤3例,T1WI呈高信号、T2WI呈低信号,增强扫描明显强化,不典型黑色素瘤5例,信号表现多样,部分出现囊变坏死,增强扫描实性部分明显强化.DWI示除2例多发转移者表现为低信号外,其余5例均表现为高信号或混杂高信号.1 H-MRS表现:原发于脑膜者胆碱(Cho)峰明显增高,N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)峰缺失,并出现高耸的脂质(Lip)峰;3例脑内单发转移者Cho峰明显升高,NAA峰减低,出现不同程度升高的Lip峰.PWI表现:2例行灌注成像者均表现为高灌注.结论:中枢神经系统黑色素细胞肿瘤影像表现多样,与其黑色素含量、瘤内出血及坏死密切相关,综合分析临床和影像资料有助于提高诊断的准确性.     

颅内原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的MRI表现

目的研究颅内原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的MR／表现特点。方法回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的MR／表现。结果8例均为弥漫大B细胞型非霍奇金淋巴瘤。3例为单发,5例为多发,共13个病灶,其中大脑半球8个,基底节区4个,右侧背侧丘脑及基底节区1个。8例病变均表现为局灶性肿块,T1WI呈稍低或等信号;T2WI呈等或稍高信号。增强扫描7例呈明显均匀强化,1例轻度强化。6例瘤周重度水肿,2例瘤周中度水肿。结论原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤较为罕见,MRI是诊断该病的重要的无创性检查方法。颅内PCNSL影像学表现多样,但具有一定特征。     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的MRI诊断

目的 研究原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)的MRI表现特点,提高对该病的诊断与鉴别诊断率.方法 回顾分析了12例经病理证实的原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的MRI表现.结果 病灶T1WI多呈略低或等信号,T2WI呈等或略高信号;增强扫描多呈明显均匀强化,极少数呈环形强化,肿瘤坏死囊变少见,未见出血、钙化;瘤周水肿相对较轻,占位效应轻.结论 原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤MRI表现具有一定特征性,可做出较准确的诊断.     

中枢神经系统血管周细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的：探讨MRI诊断中枢神经系统血管周细胞瘤（HPC）的价值,提高对本病的认识。方法：分析7例经手术病理证实为HPC的MRI表现。所有患者均行MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果：6例位于颅内,1例位于颈段椎管内。T1WI示肿瘤呈等信号或稍高信号,T2WI呈等信号或稍高信号,增强扫描肿瘤实体部分强化明显。在颅内病例中,4例病灶内有斑片状囊变或坏死区;4例显示有血管流空或强化血管影;5例有瘤周水肿;2例病灶部分跨过天幕。结论：中枢神经系统HPC的MRI表现有一定的特征,有一定的提示诊断,但需与脑膜瘤鉴别,要注意分析其恶性征象,以提高术前诊断的正确率。     

中枢神经系统黑色素细胞肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的：探讨中枢神经系统黑色素细胞肿瘤的MRI特征。方法：回顾性分析16例经手术病理证实的中枢神经系统黑色素细胞肿瘤的临床资料及MRI资料,观察肿瘤MRI上的形态学特征及信号表现。结果：16例黑色素细胞肿瘤,男10例,女6例。年龄17～55岁。肿瘤位于颈段椎管内3例,额叶3例,颞叶2例,桥脑小脑角区1例,鞍区1例,小脑半球2例,脑内及脑膜多发者3例,全脑脊膜1例。肿瘤发生于颅底脑外者占17%,发生于近颅底脑实质者占43%。MRI信号特征典型者6例,不典型者10例,其表现为短T1等T2信号、或不均匀短T1等T2信号,或因瘤体卒中而呈囊实性混杂信号,增强扫描呈不均匀强化。结论：中枢神经系统黑色素细胞肿瘤可不具典型的MRI信号特征。对于发生于颅底及颈段软脊膜的有混杂T1或T2信号的肿瘤,在鉴别诊断时应考虑到该瘤的可能。     

成人白血病中枢神经系统并发症的CT与MRI表现

目的 探讨成人白血病中枢神经系统并发症(CNSCL)的CT和MRI表现及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析18例经临床及手术病理证实的成人CNSCL的CT和MRI表现,其中急性淋巴细胞白血病7例,急性非淋巴细胞白血病10例,慢性粒单细胞白血病1例.CT平扫11例,其中增强1例;MR平扫16例,其中增强11例.结果 颅内受累14例:(1)颅内出血7例,其中脑内血肿4例,脑内血肿合并微出血1例,微出血2例.脑内血肿均为多发病灶.CT表现为团状高密度影;MRI表现为T1WI低信号或高低混杂信号,T2WI高信号或等高信号伴环状低信号环,病灶呈环形强化或无明显强化.脑微出血在磁敏感加权成像(SWI)上表现为多发斑点状及小条状低信号,其病灶检出率明显优于CT及MRI其他常规序列检查;7例中,伴脑梗死及蛛网膜下腔出血各1例.(2)颅内肿块5例:其中左额部内板下梭形病灶或跨颅板肿块2例,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高低混杂信号,并有明显均匀强化,均见脑膜尾征;鞍区肿块1例,CT示鞍区高密度影,MRI示鞍区T1WI稍低信号,T2WI高信号,有不均匀强化;右侧脑室体旁肿块1例,T1WI、T2WI均呈等信号,有明显均匀强化.左额顶叶壁厚囊性肿块1例,呈环形强化.(3)梗阻性脑积水1例,表现为中脑导水管以上脑室系统扩张.(4)脑膜病变1例,MRI表现为广泛脑膜增厚伴明显均匀强化.椎管内病变4例:其中胸腰椎左侧椎旁软组织肿块2例,侵犯椎管内,伴邻近肋骨骨质破坏1例;椎管内肿块1例,表现为胸椎管后方梭形T1WI等高信号,T2WI等低信号灶,无明显强化;胸髓信号异常1例,表现为胸髓条状T2WI及液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)序列高信号影.结论 成人CNSCL影像表现多种多样,CT与MRI对该病的诊断价值相辅相成;白血病患者疑脑内病变者,建议常规使用SWI检查,以尽早发现脑微出血,降低脑内血肿发生的风险.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the CT and MRI findings and their diagnostic value of central nervous system complications of leukemia (CNSCL). Methods The CT and MRI findings of 18 adult patients with CNSCL proved by clinical features or pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Among 18 cases,7 were acute lymphocytic leukemia, 10 acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and 1 chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Eleven cases underwent plain CT scan with one of them also receiving contrast-enhanced CT scan enhancement, 16 cases underwent plain MR scan with 11 of them receiving contrast-enhanced MR scan.Results Intracranial lesions in 14 cases: (1)intracranial hemorrhage was found in 7 cases, including intracerebral hematoma in 4 cases, micro-haemorrhage in 2 cases, and intracerebral hematoma accompanying by multiple intracerebral micro-haemorrhage foci in 1 case. All cases with intracerebral hematoma showed multiple lesions, which demonstrated high-density on CT images, and low or mixed signal on T1 WI, high- or intermediate signal with low-signal rim on T2 WI and ring enhancement or no evident enhancement. Microhaemorrhage manifested as multiple mini-mottling and strip hypointense foci on susceptibility weighted imaging, on which the detection rate of micro-haemorrhage foci was much higher than that on CT and other sequences of MRI. Among the 7 cases, one also had cerebral infarction and one subarachnoid hemorrhage.(2) Intracranial mass was found in 5 cases, among which two appeared as masses under or bestride cranium in the left frontal region with hypointensity on T1 WI, mixed signal on T2WI, strong homogeneous enhancement and dural tail sign;one showed a mass in saddle area, with high density on CT, slightly low signal on T1WI, high signal on T2WI and heterogeneous enhancement; one case displayed a mass near lateral ventricle with iso-intensity on T1 WI and T2WI and strong homogeneous enhancement; and one case manifested as cystic mass in the left fronto-apical lobe, with thick wall and ring enhancement (3)Obstructive hydrocephalus was found in 1 case, manifesting dilation of ventricles above the aquaeductus mesencephali. (4) Meningopathy was found in 1 case, manifesting diffuse thickening of meninges with strong homogeneous enhancement on MRI. Pathological changes of spinal canal was found in 4 cases among which two showed para-spinal mass involving vertebral canal and causing bone destruction of adjacent ribs; one case showed fusiform mass posterior to vertebral canal with high and intermediate signal on T1 WI and low and iso-signal on T2WI without enhancement; one showed zonale leison in thoracic cord with high signal on T2WI and fluid attenuated inversion recovery. Conclusion The radiologic manifestations of adult CNSCL are various and the role of CT and MRI for the diagnosis of CNSCL may complement each other. SWI is suggested as routine examination for patients of leukemia, in whom intracerebral lesions were suspected in order to find micro-haemorrhage as early as possible and reduce the risk of intracerebral hematoma occurrence.     

中枢神经系统血管母细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的:探讨MRI(常规及DWI等序列)在中枢神经系统血管母细胞瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法:对经手术病理证实的73例血管母细胞瘤共81枚病灶的MRI表现进行回顾性分析。结果:血管母细胞瘤多为单发(67/73),小脑为最常见发病部位(61/81),可分为3型:囊伴结节型53个,实质型22个,单纯囊型6个;DWI序列肿瘤结节及实质型瘤体均呈低信号;19个病灶表现有囊中囊征象。结论:血管母细胞瘤的MRI表现具有特征性,且与其病理基础密切相关,能为手术方式的选择提供依据。     

Primary central nervous system immunocytoma: MRI and spectroscopy

We report on a young woman with a primary cerebral immunocytoma. Most primary cerebral nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are highly malignant undifferentiated B-cell tumours, there are few data on the clinical course, MRI and spectroscopy findings of this rare PCNSL subtype. MRI revealed a radially enhancing tumour with mild perifocal oedema. MR spectroscopy indicated low cell turnover. Slow clinical progression, no significant changes with treatment, and imaging findings were consistent with a low-grade malignant tumour. Received: 21 January 2000/Accepted: 15 February 2000     

Central nervous system tuberculosis: MRI

The MRI findings of 18 proven cases of central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis were reviewed; 10 patients were seropositive for HIV. All had medical, laboratory, or surgical proof of CNS tuberculosis. Eleven patients had meningitis, of whom two also had arachnoiditis. Five patients had focal intra-axial tuberculomas: four brain masses and one an intramedullary spinal lesion. Two patients had focal extra-axial tuberculomas: one in the pontine cistern, and one in the spine. In all 11 patients with meningitis MRI showed diffuse, thick, meningeal enhancement. All intraparenchymal tuberculomas showed low signal intensity on T2-weighted images and ring or nodular enhancement. The extra-axial tuberculomas had areas isointense or hypoitense relative to normal brain and spinal cord on T2-weighted images. Although tuberculous meningitis cannot be differentiated from other meningitides on the basis of MR findings, intraparenchymal tuberculomas show characteristic T2 shortening, not found in most other space-occupying lesions. In the appropriate clinical setting, tuberculoma should be considered.