旋前外旋型踝关节损伤的手术治疗

旋前外旋型踝关节损伤占踝关节损伤的20％,后踝骨折的复位固定及下胫腓关节分离的固定是临床上颇有争议的话题。1995年2月～2002年5月,笔者共收治旋前外旋型踝关节损伤90例,其中50例内、外、后踝均予切开复位内固定,疗效满意。现报告如下。     

踝关节骨折合并同侧跖跗关节损伤的诊治

2017年3月～2018年9月,我科收治13例踝关节骨折合并同侧跖跗关节损伤患者,现将诊治方法及体会报道如下. 1 材料与方法 1.1 病例资料 本组13 例,男8 例,女5例,年龄24～50岁.患者均为踝关节骨折合并同侧跖跗关节损伤,右侧9例,左侧4例.8例跖跗关节损伤并移位;5例入院时未发现跖跗关节损伤及移位,入院...     

关节镜治疗踝关节不稳合并前内侧撞击综合征

目的:探讨关节镜治疗踝关节不稳合并前内侧撞击综合征的手术技巧及疗效.方法:回顾性分析2019年2月至2020年8月收治的13例踝关节不稳合并前内侧撞击综合征患者.男10例,女3例;年龄(40.0±15.1)岁;病程(44.1±33.2)个月.所有患者有明确扭伤史,MRI证实踝关节距腓前韧带损伤,踝关节背伸时存在前内侧疼...     

踝关节镜技术的临床应用和体会

目的 探讨踝关节镜在踝关节损伤治疗中的应用.方法 踝关节镜下治疗踝关节损伤30例,其中非特异性滑膜炎3例,软组织与骨性撞击综合征9例,距下关节炎3例,剥脱性骨软骨炎5例,踝部骨折6例,其他4例.分别行滑膜切除、关节清理、软骨成形术、距下关节融合术等处理.结果 术后平均随访18个月,疗效优25例,良3例,可2例.无感染及...     

踝关节融合术在严重关节损伤中的应用

踝关节遭受严重创伤后,由于难以达到关节面的解剖复位,而产生疼痛、畸形及功能障碍,严重影响着下肢的运动功能。长期以来,通过关节融合术使有功能障碍的关节在功能位骨性愈合,达到稳定关节、矫正畸形、解除疼痛的目的,而成为治疗复杂性踝关节损伤的标准方法。目前常用的踝关节融合术有10多种,其手术途径及术式各有特色。我院在1998年至2005年期间,根据患者的不同情况,对于踝关节毁损的13例患者,采用了不同术式的踝关节融合治疗,临床效果满意,现报道如下。     

关节镜监视下踝关节植骨融合术的疗效分析

目的：探讨关节镜辅助下踝关节清理、植骨融合术的手术方法和临床疗效。方法：2001年1月至2009年5月,采用关节镜辅助踝关节植骨融合术治疗踝关节病变25例,男18例,女7例;年龄32～70岁,平均47.5岁;左踝10例,右踝15例;其中创伤后骨关节炎13例,地方性大骨节病10例,类风湿性关节炎2例。手术前后采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）对踝关节疼痛进行评定,根据美国足踝关节协会评分系统（AOFAS）从疼痛、自主活动、最大步行距离、地面步行、步态、活动度、稳定性及踝关节对线等方面进行评价。结果：25例均获随访,时间20～35个月,平均27.5个月。术后踝关节无疼痛,步态明显改善,无神经血管损伤、感染和固定失败等并发症,平均骨性融合时间为11.7周（8～15周）。术后VAS评分为（1.20±0.82）分,较术前的（8.60±0.96）分明显降低（t=27.326,P=0.000）;术后AOFAS评分中客观项目均较术前改善,术后AOFAS评分为（82.44±4.96）分,较术前的（36.44±9.90）分明显增加（t=-19.178,P=0.000）。结论：关节镜监视下踝关节植骨融合术操作简单,术中创伤小,术后恢复快、并发症少,是踝关节融合的理想方法。     

复杂型距舟关节骨折脱位的手术治疗

[目的]探讨复杂型距舟关节脱位的手术治疗方法及难点.[方法]回顾分析自2002年4月～2010年6月收治的11例复杂型距舟关节骨折脱位患者,其中男8例,女3例,年龄19～45岁,平均32岁.左侧3例,右侧8例,受伤原因:车祸伤8例,重物压伤3例;合并颅脑外伤2例,合并腹部损伤1例,合并股骨骨折1例;均为新鲜损伤;处理合并症后,股骨骨折手术同时进行,行切开复位、固定,重建踝关节稳定、外固定术.手术时间为伤后1h～7 d.[结果]本组11例均得到随访,平均随访时间约9个月,2例患者出现舟骨、楔骨骨质疏松,去除外固定后3个月,复查X线片,骨质密度正常.无感染、皮缘坏死、舟骨坏死及慢性踝关节失稳.损伤后踝关节功能按Kaikkonen评分标准,综合评价达92分.[结论]复杂型距舟关节脱位手术治疗可恢复足弓及踝关节稳定,是减少并发症,防止出现踝足永久性损害的关键.     

胫腓钩在伴下胫腓韧带损伤的踝关节骨折脱位中的应用

目的评价胫腓钩治疗伴下胫腓韧带损伤的踝关节骨折的疗效。方法2002年3月～2005年11月,应用胫腓钩治疗伴下胫腓韧带损伤的旋前型踝关节骨折脱位患者18例。根据术前X线片判断下胫腓联合损伤的程度,经术中探查证实；于下胫腓联合平面置钩,钩住腓骨,固定于胫骨上。取内固定的同时取胫腓钩。结果16例患者获得3个月～4年(平均17个月)随访,根据踝关节活动度、疼痛及X线情况评定疗效：优14例,良2例,未发现内固定物松动、断裂现象。结论胫腓钩在治疗合并下胫腓韧带损伤的踝关节骨折脱位中能有效地复位和固定,并能提供下胫腓微动关节的生理功能。     

经高频超声分析跟骰关节周围韧带损伤的流行病学特点

目的通过高频超声技术探讨跟骰关节周围韧带损伤的流行病学及特点。方法分析2018年1月至2019年1月期间在我院经高频超声诊断跟骰关节周围韧带损伤的患者,并对跟骰关节周围韧带损伤患者的基本资料及合并损伤进行分析。结果经高频超声诊断的539例(跟骰关节周围韧带损伤和/或踝关节外侧韧带损伤)患者中,149例(27.6%)为跟骰关节周围韧带损伤,390例(72.4%)为单纯踝关节外侧韧带损伤。149例患者中52例为单纯跟骰关节周围韧带损伤,97例为跟骰关节周围韧带合并有踝关节外侧韧带损伤;男45例,女104例;左足73例(49%),右足76例(51%);年龄26~55岁的106例(71.1%)。分歧韧带跟骰部Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级损伤患者数分别为25.0%、15.6%、59.4%,跟骰背外侧韧带Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级损伤患者数分别为60.5%、23.7%、15.8%。结论在足踝部外侧韧带损伤的患者中,跟骰关节周围韧带损伤多见,且常合并踝关节外侧韧带损伤,女性损伤患者绝对数量多于男性,左右侧构成比接近,26~55岁为发病高峰。分歧韧带跟骰部损伤以Ⅲ级损伤多见,跟骰背外侧韧带损伤以Ⅰ级损伤多见。对于诊断跟骰关节周围韧带损伤,高频超声是一种不可或缺的诊断工具。     

踝关节结核误诊误治原因分析

踝关节结核早期尤其是以关节肿痛、活动受限而又有踝关节扭伤史的患者 ,易导致误诊、误治。本文收集 1987年～1998年经手术、病理及晚期 X线片证实为踝关节结核 2 7例。就其早期误诊误治原因进行分析。临床资料一、一般资料　本组 2 7例中 ,男性 11例 ,女性 16例 ,年龄 13～ 70岁 ,平均年龄 3 1岁。门诊诊断至入院诊断时间 3～12月 ,平均 6.5月。误诊时间及误诊疾病例数见表 。表 　 2 4例踝关节结核不同时期诊断情况门诊诊断入院诊断最后诊断结　　　　　　　核 0 14 2 7慢性滑膜炎 65 0风湿类风湿性关节炎 84 0软　组　织　扭　伤 14 3…     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.