余甘子提取物对糖尿病大鼠肌肉和脂肪组织胰岛素信号通路的影响

背景:余甘子具有明显的降血糖作用,但其作用机制尚不清楚。目的:观察余甘子提取物对大鼠骨骼与脂肪组织中胰岛素信号通路相关蛋白的影响。方法:将30只SD大鼠随机等分为对照组、模型组和余甘子组,后2组以腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病大鼠模型。余甘子组用余甘子提取液灌胃6周,模型组和对照组灌胃同体积的蒸馏水。结果与结论:与对照组相比,糖尿病大鼠的体质量、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数均显著升高(P<0.05),脂肪和肌肉组织磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶、蛋白激酶BmRNA及葡萄糖转运蛋白4mRNA和蛋白水平显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),灌胃余甘子提取物6周后,余甘子组大鼠体质量、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数均比模型组下降(P<0.05),脂肪和肌肉组织磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶、蛋白激酶B和葡萄糖转运蛋白4mRNA水平明显增加(P<0.01,P<0.05),且脂肪组织葡萄糖转运蛋白4蛋白表达增加(P<0.01),但肌肉组织葡萄糖转运蛋白4蛋白差异没有显著性意义。提示余甘子提取物可调控胰岛素介导的磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/葡萄糖转运蛋白4信号转导通路,发挥降血糖作用。     

山奈酚对2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的探讨PPARγ激动剂山奈酚对糖尿病大鼠血糖、胰岛素抵抗及血脂生化水平的影响。方法高糖高脂饲料喂养加腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,实验组灌胃给予山奈酚50、100、200 mg/(kg.d),灌胃给药10周后,葡萄糖氧化酶法进行空腹血糖测定,放射免疫法进行血浆胰岛素水平测定,酶法测定血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素氮和肌酐含量。结果与模型组相比,山奈酚治疗组空腹血糖值及胰岛素抵抗均有所下降,血脂生化水平也有所降低,与模型组比较存在显著性差异。结论山奈酚可有效降低空腹血糖和胰岛素抵抗,改善糖脂代谢紊乱。     

吡格列酮对大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的治疗作用及其机制

【目的】探讨吡格列酮对SD大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD ）的治疗作用及其机制。【方法】36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（NG组）、吡格列酮治疗组（PIOG组）及高脂饮食组（FG组）,均饲养12周;NG组喂饲普通饲料,剩余两组喂饲高脂饲料;PIOG组于实验第8～12周予吡格列酮灌胃,其余两组同期予蒸馏水灌胃;比较三组空腹血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、空腹胰岛素抵抗指数（FIRI）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）及一氧化氮（NO）的水平;HE染色分析肝组织切片病理学改变;观察Kupffer细胞（KCs）形态变化。【结果】FG组大鼠FIRI、TG、TC均高于NG组,其差异均有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）,肝组织呈大泡性脂肪变性并出现炎症细胞浸润及点状坏死,肝脏KCs发生形态改变,其产生的TNF、NO水平与肝组织病理学改变呈正相关（ P ＜0．05）;PIOG组大鼠 FIRI、TG、TC均低于FG组,其差异均有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）,肝组织脂肪变性程度减轻,仍可见炎症细胞浸润和肝细胞气球样变性,肝脏KCs形态及功能仍存在异常。【结论】吡格列酮可部分延缓高脂饮食诱导的NAFLD的进展;其机制可能与改善胰岛素抵抗、降低血脂有关,与调节KCs功能无关。     

链脲佐菌素加高糖高脂饮食复制大鼠2型糖尿病模型

目的链脲佐菌素加高糖高脂饮食诱导大鼠2型糖尿病模型的建立。方法Wistar大鼠分别高糖高脂饲料喂养4、6、8周后．采血检测空腹血糖及血清胰岛素,按30m/kg体重剂量一次性腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素,7d后再次采血检测糖尿病鼠空腹血糖及血清胰岛素。结果与对照组比较,高糖高脂喂养大鼠血清胰岛素明显上升（P〈0．05）,但血糖无变化,糖尿病鼠血糖及血清胰岛素均皿著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论高脂高糖饲料喂养6周后,小剂量（30mg／kg）注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型,所建札的2型糖脲病模型与文献报道的方法相比成模率较高,死亡率较少。     

Dietary vitamin e supplementation attenuates hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats

There is strong evidence that excess dietary salt (NaCl) is a major factor contributing to the development of hypertension. Salt-sensitive humans and rats develop hypertension even on a normal-salt diet. Salt sensitivity is associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in both humans and animal models, including Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. In insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism leads to elevated endogenous aldehydes that bind sulfhydryl groups of membrane proteins, altering calcium channels, and increasing cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and blood pressure. Vitamin E lowers tissue aldehyde conjugates, cytosolic [Ca2+]i, and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats and fructose-induced hypertensive Wistar Kyoto rats, models of insulin resistance. This study investigated the effect of a normal-salt diet on tissue aldehyde conjugates, cytosolic [Ca2+]i, and blood pressure in DSS rats and the effect of vitamin E supplementation on blood pressure and associated biochemical changes in these animals. Seven-week-old DSS rats were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each and treated for 6 weeks with diets as follows: low-salt (0.4% NaCl); normal-salt (0.7% NaCl) and normal salt (0.7% NaCl) plus vitamin E (34 mg/kg feed). At completion, animals in the normal-salt group had significantly elevated systolic blood pressure, cytosolic [Ca2+]i, and tissue aldehyde conjugates compared with the low-salt group. They also showed smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in small arteries and arterioles of the kidney. Dietary vitamin E supplementation significantly attenuated the increase in systolic blood pressure and associated biochemical and histopathologic changes.     

厄贝沙坦对db/db糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

目的:观察厄贝沙坦治疗能否对db/db糖尿病小鼠的高血糖状态具有改善作用。方法:4周龄的db/db小鼠分为对照组(生理盐水)和厄贝沙坦[10mg/(kg·d)]治疗组。于每周监测各组小鼠的体重及随机血糖,并于第8周末行腹腔糖耐量试验(IPGTT),分别测定各组小鼠0、30、60及120min血糖及血浆胰岛素水平。结果:在厄贝沙坦治疗8周后治疗组与对照组相比,体重无明显差异,随机血糖无明显改善,IPGTT试验结果与对照组差异无统计学意义。结论:厄贝沙坦对改善db/db糖尿病小鼠糖代谢疗效不明显,同时不能明显改善db/db小鼠的糖耐量。     

半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶12在糖尿病心肌病大鼠心肌中的表达及葛根素的干预研究

目的观察内质网应激（ERS）分子半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶12（Caspase 12）在糖尿病心肌病（DCM）大鼠的表达及葛根素的干预作用,探讨ERS在DCM中的作用和机制。方法采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素制备糖尿病大鼠模型。40只Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组（C组）、高脂高糖组（H组）、糖尿病模型组（M组）及葛根素组80mg·kg-^1·d^-1给药5周（T组）,每组10只,分批处死。15、20周龄大鼠取血测空腹血糖、胰岛素及计算胰岛素抵抗指数;取心肌组织检测肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶水平,并行苏木精-伊红染色观察形态学变化。琼脂糖凝胶电泳法检测DNA梯形条带,反转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）测定Caspase 12 mRNA的表达。结果 H、M组的空腹血糖、胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数都显著高于C组（P均〈0.01）,且M组显著高于H组（P〈0.01）。在葛根素给药5周后,T组空腹血糖及胰岛素抵抗指数均呈显著下降（P均〈0.01）。M组心肌纤维肥大、走行较为紊乱,出现核固缩、裂解及丢失现象,心肌细胞变性、坏死,横纹肌消失;T组心肌纤维轻度肥大,微血管管壁、管腔均正常。M组和T组均出现了DNA梯形条带,T组较M组条带不明显。M组Caspase12mRNA表达较C组、T组均显著性升高（P均〈0.05）。结论 DCM可能通过ERS而活化Caspase12来触发心肌细胞凋亡。葛根素能通过减轻ERS抑制心肌细胞凋亡,对DCM心肌有保护作用。     

香烟烟雾暴露对小鼠糖代谢的影响及穿心莲内酯的干预效果

目的探讨香烟烟雾暴露对小鼠糖代谢的影响及穿心莲内酯的干预效果,为糖尿病预防及烟草控制提供依据。方法选择SPF级C57BL/6J品系雄性小鼠60只,按照小鼠体重随机分为正常对照组(A组)、烟雾暴露组(B组)和烟雾暴露+穿心莲内酯干预组(C组),每组20只。B组和C组小鼠每天暴露于20支香烟的烟雾60 min,持续3个月;C组小鼠每周腹腔内注射穿心莲内酯(10 mg/kg),A组和B组注射同等体积生理盐水。香烟烟雾暴露结束后施行腹腔内注射葡萄糖耐量实验(IPGTT)和胰岛素耐量实验(IPITT),比较各组小鼠各时点血糖变化及IPGTT和IPITT血糖水平的曲线下面积。结果 0 min时,B组的血糖最高,C组次之。IPGTT示,腹腔注射葡萄糖后各组小鼠的血糖水平迅速增加,注射后15 min最高,随后逐渐下降,且B组在15 min和30 min时的血糖水平均显著高于A组(P<0.01);B组和C组血糖水平的曲线下面积均显著大于A组(P<0.05),B组显著大于C组(P<0.05)。IPITT示,腹腔注射胰岛素后,15 min时B组血糖水平显著高于A组(P<0.05),3...     

Lack of insulin resistance in the Lyon hypertensive rat

Summary— Genetically hypertensive rats (LH) of the Lyon strain, compared to their normo-tensive (LN) controls associate, in a unique manner, high blood pressure with increases in body weight and in plasma lipids and insulin/glucose ratio. The present work investigated the development of insulin resistance with age in this model. At the age of 22 and 52 weeks, LH and LN fasted male rats were submitted to an intravenous glucose tolerance test, allowing measurement of the elimination rate of the glucose and the area under the curve of the insulin response. Insulin sensitivity was calculated as the ratio of these two parameters. It was observed that insulin sensitivity coefficient decreased with age in all the animals and that LH rats did not significantly differ from LN controls (from 62.6 ± 3.3 and 69.1 ± 4 at 22 weeks to 42.1 ± 4.4 and 49.5 ± 12.8 at 52 weeks for LH and LN rats, respectively). It is concluded that 1) elevated plasma insulin/glucose ratio does not mean insulin resistance and 2) hypertension can develop without being associated, even in aged rats, to a true insulin resistance.     

Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract increases insulin sensitivity and regulates hepatic glucose in C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice

This study investigated the effect of jicama extract on hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Male C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice were divided into groups subsequently fed a regular diet (controls), or diet supplemented with jicama extract, and rosiglitazone. After 6 weeks, blood levels of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were significantly lower in animals administered the jicama extract than the control group. Additionally, glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed that jicama extract increased insulin sensitivity. The homeostatic index of insulin resistance was lower in the jicama extract-treated group than in the diabetic control group. Administration of jicama extract significantly enhanced the expressions of the phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt substrate of 160 kDa, and plasma membrane glucose transporter type 4 in skeletal muscle. Jicama extract administration also decreased the expressions of glucose 6-phosphatase and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase in the liver. Jicama extract may increases insulin sensitivity and inhibites the gluconeogenesis in the liver.     

Therapeutic actions of an insulin receptor activator and a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist in the spontaneously hypertensive obese rat model of metabolic syndrome X

Insulin resistance clusters with hyperlipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertension as metabolic syndrome X. We tested a low molecular weight insulin receptor activator, demethylasterriquinone B-1 (DMAQ-B1), and a novel indole peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, 2-(2-(4-phenoxy-2-propylphenoxy)ethyl)indole-5-acetic acid (PPEIA), in spontaneously hypertensive obese rats (SHROB), a genetic model of syndrome X. Agents were given orally for 19 days. SHROB showed fasting normoglycemia but impaired glucose tolerance after an oral load, as shown by increased glucose area under the curve (AUC) [20,700 mg x min/ml versus 8100 in lean spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)]. Insulin resistance was indicated by 20-fold excess fasting insulin and increased insulin AUC (6300 ng x min/ml versus 990 in SHR). DMAQ-B1 did not affect glucose tolerance (glucose AUC = 21,300) but reduced fasting insulin 2-fold and insulin AUC (insulin AUC = 4300). PPEIA normalized glucose tolerance (glucose AUC = 9100) and reduced insulin AUC (to 3180) without affecting fasting insulin. PPEIA also increased food intake, fat mass, and body weight gain (81 +/- 12 versus 45 +/- 8 g in untreated controls), whereas DMAQ-B1 had no effect on body weight but reduced subscapular fat mass. PPEIA but not DMAQ-B1 reduced blood pressure. In skeletal muscle, insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate protein 1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity were decreased by 40 to 55% in SHROB relative to lean SHR. PPEIA, but not DMAQ-B1, enhanced both insulin actions. SHROB also showed severe hypertriglyceridemia (355 +/- 42 mg/dl versus 65 +/- 3 in SHR) attenuated by both agents (DMAQ-B1, 228 +/- 18; PPEIA, 79 +/- 3). Both these novel antidiabetic agents attenuate insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia associated with metabolic syndrome but via distinct mechanisms.     

高强度间歇训练对2型糖尿病患者运动干预的效果：基于《WHO关于身体活动和久坐行为的指南》和WHO-FICs

目的 评价高强度间歇训练(HIIT)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者干预的效果。方法 2021年5月至10月,互联网招募T2DM患者12例。基于《WHO身体活动和久坐行为指南》(简称《指南》)和WHO国际健康分类家族(WHO-FICs),构建HIIT干预方案,对患者进行有氧运动结合肌肉强化训练的多组合全身性HIIT干预,每次30~35 min,每周3次,共8周。干预前后,分别测定患者血糖水平、血脂水平、胰腺脂肪含量和身体成分。结果 脱落1例。干预后,患者空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、空腹血清胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、血清总胆固醇、血清甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰腺脂肪分数、体质量、体质量指数、体脂率均改善(t > 2.258, P < 0.05)。结论 基于《指南》和WHO-FICs构建的HIIT运动干预可改善T2DM患者的相关功能,表现在血糖水平、血脂水平、胰腺脂肪含量和身体成分方面,并可以减少降糖药物用量。     

Plasma insulin disturbances in primary hyperparathyroidism

Plasma insulin dynamics were evaluated in 10 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism before and after parathyroidectomy and correction of hypercalcemia. Before surgery fasting plasma insulin concentrations and insulin responses to administered glucose, tolbutamide, and glucagon were significantly greater than postoperative values. Hyperinsulinemia was not associated with altered glucose curves during glucose or glucagon tolerance tests, but a relatively greater insulin response to tolbutamide resulted in an increased hypoglycemic effect following its administration. The glucose-lowering action of intravenous insulin was slightly impaired before treatment. Intramuscular injections of parathormone to six normal men for 8 days induced mild hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia and reproduced augmented plasma insulin responses to oral glucose and intravenous tolbutamide. 4-hr intravenous infusions of calcium to another group of six normal men raised serum calcium concentrations above 11 mg/100 ml. This did not alter glucose or insulin curves during oral glucose tolerance but markedly accentuated insulin responses to tolbutamide and potentiated its hypoglycemic effect. When highly purified parathormone was incubated with isolated pancreatic islets of male rats, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was unaffected.These findings suggest that chronic hypercalcemia of hyperparathyroidism sustains a form of endogenous insulin resistance that necessitates augmented insulin secretion to maintain plasma glucose homeostasis. This state is insufficient to oppose tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemia because of an additional direct, selective enhancement of hypercalcemia on pancreatic beta cell responsiveness to the sulfonylurea. The possible direct role of parathormone in these events has not been established.     

多囊卵巢综合征骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型的建立

背景：研究表明胰岛素抵抗在多囊卵巢综合征的发生与发展过程中起重要作用,建立理想的多囊卵巢综合征骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗动物模型是研究该疾病的基础。目的：探讨建立较为理想的多囊卵巢综合征骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型的方法。方法：将八九周龄SD雌性大鼠随机分为模型组和对照组。模型组给予胰岛素联合人绒毛膜促性腺激素皮下注射,并以高脂饲料和50g/L葡萄糖水喂养,对照组皮下注射生理盐水,常规饮食喂养。结果与结论：造模6周后,模型组大鼠卵巢体积明显增大,且呈多囊性改变;血清睾酮、黄体生成素、空腹血糖和胰岛素水平高于对照组;骨骼肌组织中葡萄糖转运蛋白4表达明显低于对照组,且其葡萄糖转运蛋白4阳性颗粒靠近骨骼肌细胞膜边缘者较少。可见胰岛素联合人绒毛膜促性腺激素皮下注射,并饲以高脂饲料和50g/L葡萄糖水是建立多囊卵巢综合征骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型较为理想的方法。     

Clinical disorders associated with autoantibodies to the insulin receptor. Simulation by passive transfer of immunoglobulins to rats.

Patients with autoantibodies to the insulin receptor (Anti-R) may exhibit either fasting hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia and extreme insulin resistance. Occasionally, both these phenomena are observed in the same patient at different times in the clinical course. In an effort to understand what determines the patient's response to Anti-R, we developed an animal model of these clinical disorders by passive transfer of Anti-R IgG to rats. IgG fractions from the plasma of Anti-R patients and control subjects were prepared by affinity chromatography with staphylococcal protein A-Sepharose. Anti-R IgG, injected into fasting rats, induced severe and persistent hypoglycemia (plasma glucose 30-60 mg/dl). Rats injected with control IgG maintained a plasma glucose within the range of 75 (fasting) to 165 mg/dl (feeding). In comparison with the effects of insulin, the hypoglycemic response to Anti-R IgG had a slower onset (2-4 h) and lasted longer (8-24 h). Similar, dose-dependent hypoglycemic responses were observed in rats whether the Anti-R IgG was derived from an insulin-resistant or hypoglycemic patient. When Anti-R IgG was administered in sufficiently high doses for several days to fed rats, persistent hyperglycemia (plasma glucose 200-400 mg/dl) developed. Based on these in vivo and previous in vitro studies, we attribute the hypoglycemic response to an insulin-like effect of Anti-R, and the hyperglycemic response to a desensitization of host tissues to the effects of insulin, with more prolonged exposure to higher levels of Anti-R.     

内皮祖细胞对糖尿病心肌病大鼠糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗的影响

[目的]探讨内皮祖细胞(Endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)治疗对糖尿痛心肌病大鼠血糖、胰岛素抵抗及血脂生化水平的影响.[方法]腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿痛心肌病大鼠模型,实验组静脉注射EPCs给予治疗,测定各组大鼠左心室收缩压、左室舒张末压和心脏重量指数以及空腹血糖血浆胰岛素总胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素氮、肌酐胰岛素样生长因子含量.[结果]与模型组相比,EPCs治疗组空腹血糖值及胰岛素抵抗均有所下降,血脂生化水平也有所降低,与模型组比较存在显著性差异(P ＜0.05).[结论]EPCs可有效降低糖尿病心肌病大鼠空腹血糖和胰岛素抵抗,改善糖脂代谢紊乱.     

Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, decreases aortic gene expression and serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in fructose-fed rats

Insulin resistance is one of the determinants of post-prandial hyperglycaemia. Recently, acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that delays the absorption of carbohydrates from the small intestine, has been found to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism by which acarbose inhibits cardiovascular events remains unknown. In this study, we examined whether oral administration of acarbose could suppress expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in fructose-fed rats, a widely used animal model of insulin resistance. Serum MCP-1 levels were elevated in fructose-fed rats after 4 weeks. Acarbose treatment for 4 weeks reduced the fructose-induced elevation of serum MCP-1 levels. Acarbose treatment for 8 weeks decreased MCP-1 mRNA levels in the aortae of fructose-fed rats. These results suggest that the cardioprotective effects of acarbose could be due, at least in part, to the suppression of MCP-1 expression.     

Comparative influence of propranolol and verapamil on glycemic control and histamine sensitivity associated with L-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism - an experimental study

The present investigation was undertaken to study the comparative effectiveness of beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol and calcium channel blocker verapamil on L-thyroxine-induced alteration on glycemic control and histamine sensitivity on rats and guinea pigs, respectively. Injection of L-thyroxine sodium every alternate day for 3 weeks in guinea pigs (75 microg/kg, i.p.) and rats (75 mg/kg, s.c.) produced a condition similar to thyrotoxicosis. Verapamil and propranolol administered daily in the third week along with L-thyroxine to two separate groups of hyperthyroid animals reversed thyroxine-induced loss in body weight, reduction in serum TSH levels, and rise in body temperature. Effect on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity was studied on rats. Compared to normal rats, L-thyroxine-treated animals showed a state of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. Propranolol (10 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment significantly decreased fasting serum glucose levels without affecting serum insulin levels, AUC glucose, and K(ITT) values. Treatment with verapamil (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced fasting serum glucose and insulin levels, AUC glucose, and significantly increased K(ITT) values. Effect of propranolol (15 mg/kg, orally) and verapamil (20 mg/kg, orally) treatment on histamine sensitivity was studied on L-thyroxine-treated guinea pigs. Compared to normal guinea pigs, L-thyroxine-treated guinea pigs showed an increased sensitivity to histamine-induced asphyxia. Verapamil treatment reversed this increased histamine sensitivity while propranolol aggravated it. In conclusion, compared to propranolol, verapamil has advantageous effects on glucose metabolism, insulin and histamine sensitivity and could therefore be a valuable addition as an adjunctive therapy option currently available for thyrotoxicosis associated with diabetes and/or anaphylaxis.     

2型糖尿病大鼠不同药物治疗后内皮脂肪酶的表达变化

目的:检测2型糖尿病大鼠血浆中内皮脂肪酶(endothelial lipase,EL)水平,以及经不同降糖药物治疗后EL水平变化.探讨EL与2型糖尿病的相关性,评价不同降糖药物对EL水平的影响.方法:成年雄性SD大鼠60只,随机抽取15只作为正常对照组(CTL组),另外45只采取高脂高糖饲料喂养+链脲佐菌素诱导的方法制备2型糖尿病大鼠模型,而后将成模大鼠39只随机分为3组:2型糖尿病组(n=13,DM组)、胰岛素治疗组(n=13,IDM组)和格列齐特治疗组(n=13,GDM组),分别于1、9和13周末测体重、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平、胰岛素敏感指数、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、C-反应蛋白和EL.结果:13周末测各组血糖,DM组较CTL组、GDM组、IDM组升高(P＜0.05).其中IDM组、GDM组与CTL纽无明显差异(P＞0.05).13周末测各组血浆EL水平,DM组EL表达较CTL组和IDM组明显升高(P＜0.05),与GDM组无明显差异(P＞0.05).IDM组EL表达较DM组明显降低(P＜0.05),与CTL组无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论:2型糖尿病大鼠中EL表达明显增高,经胰岛素治疗和格列齐特治疗后EL的表达并不一致.胰岛素在降低血糖的同时降低EL水平,而格列齐特降低血糖并不降低EL水平.这种不一致可能是由于胰岛素与格列齐特对EL的调节作用不同引起的.     

双时相门冬胰岛素30对2型糖尿病患者血糖的影响

目的分析2型糖尿病患者口服降糖药控制不满意时加用双时相门冬胰岛素30治疗前后血糖水平的变化,探讨其降糖作用。方法 40例2型糖尿病患者口服降糖药控制不满意时加用双时相门冬胰岛素30治疗24周,观察治疗前后血糖等指标的变化。结果双时相门冬胰岛素30治疗后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(PPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、甘油三酯(TG)水平较治疗前显著降低,患者加用双时相门冬胰岛素30治疗后,HbA1c水平<7%及≤6.5%者所占比例较治疗前显著增加。结论双时相门冬胰岛素30可改善口服降糖药控制不满意时2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制及血脂代谢,有助于降低2型糖尿病患者并发症,改善预后。