应用ROC评价Alvarado改良评分联合高频超声回盲部定位法对小儿不同病理分型阑尾炎的诊断价值

目的应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价Alvarado改良评分联合高频超声回盲部定位法对小儿不同病理分型阑尾炎诊断的应用价值。方法选择2014年10月至2016年1月在本院收治的阑尾炎患儿158例,经手术病理证实为阑尾炎者为阳性诊断,术中未发现阑尾有炎症或发现其它病变者为阴性诊断。术前对患儿单独应用Alvarado改良评分法,单独应用高频超声回盲部定位法以及两种方法联合检查对患儿进行评价。分别计算Alvarado改良评分法、高频超声回盲部定位法和联合诊断3种方法诊断阑尾炎的准确率、敏感度和特异度,并绘制ROC曲线评价3种方法对阑尾炎的诊断价值。采用Kappa检验评估超声对于小儿不同病理分型阑尾炎的诊断结果与金标准的一致性。结果经过手术的158例阑尾炎患儿,Alvarado改良评分法诊断阑尾炎的准确率、灵敏度、特异度、假阳性率、假阴性率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为85.44%、85.33%、62.50%、37.50%、14.67%、97.71%和18.51%。高频超声回盲部定位法诊断阑尾炎的准确率、灵敏度、特异度、假阳性率、假阴性率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为91.14%、92.00%、75.00%、25.00%、8.00%、98.57%和33.33%。Alvarado改良评分联合高频超声回盲部定位法诊断阑尾炎的准确率、灵敏度、特异度、假阳性率、假阴性率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为95.56%、97.3%、62.5%、37.5%、4.67%、97.99%和41.67%。ROC评价显示曲线下面积比较结果:二者联合方法(0.854)高频超声定位法(0.851)Alvarado改良评分法(0.762),二者联合方法较单一方法诊断准确(P0.05)。超声诊断小儿不同病理分型阑尾炎的结果与手术病理金标准一致性较好(Kappa=0.791,P0.01)。结论 Alvarado改良评分联合高频超声回盲部定位法有助于小儿阑尾炎不同病理分型的准确诊断,为临床做出正确的治疗方案提供重要依据。     

小儿急性阑尾炎循证的计算机辅助诊断

目的　根据循证医学原理 ,采用计算机辅助的小儿阑尾炎评分系统对小儿阑尾炎病例进行分析 ,寻找增加诊断准确率的新方法。方法　检索文献 ,收集小儿急性阑尾炎的诊断证据 ,得出经评估在诊断中具有显著意义的征候 ,以Bayes条件概率数学模型 ,QBASIC语言编制计算机程序。采用该程序对 1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 3年 6月总计 2 37例入院诊断为急性阑尾炎小儿病例进行分析。结果　未手术组 83例 ,诊断概率均值为 0 .10 2 1± 0 .2 5 ;手术治疗组 15 4例 ,其中临床误诊组 8例 ,平均诊断概率为 0 .15 2 5± 0 .2 5 4 ;病理诊断为阑尾炎 14 6例 ,诊断概率 0 .8712± 0 .2 7,符合率 95 .89%。阑尾炎组诊断概率与误诊组或手术组相比P <0 .0 1。结论　本程序对小儿阑尾炎具有较高的诊断准确性 ,是一种简便、快捷和相对精确的辅助诊断工具 ,也适用于小儿阑尾炎治疗方法的选择。     

腹内压测定诊断小儿急性阑尾炎的意义

急性阑尾炎是小儿最常见的急腹症 ,因小儿病史不确切 ,检查不合作 ,明确诊断有一定困难 ,为避免不必要的手术及延误手术致并发症发生 ,提高诊断正确率 ,笔者采用了经直肠间接测腹内压 (intraabdominalpressure,IAP)作为小儿急性阑尾炎的辅助诊断方法 ,现就其临床意义作一探讨。资料和方法一、临床资料2 0 0 1年 6月～ 2 0 0 2年 5月我院经手术和病理检查确诊为阑尾炎的 4 0例患儿 ,术前及术后 1d测IAP。根据手术结果分二组 :急性阑尾炎未穿孔组 ,男10例 ,女 9例 ,3～ 14岁 ,平均年龄 (8.4 2± 3.34)岁 ;急性阑尾炎穿孔组 ,男 12例 ,女 9…     

逐步加压超声诊断小儿急性阑尾炎的价值

目的 评价逐步加压超声诊断小儿急性阑尾炎的价值及影响因素.方法 对拟急性阑尾炎行剖腹手术,且术前72 h经同一医师超声检查的104患儿进行超声声像与手术病理结果 对比.结果 逐步加压超声对小儿急性阑尾炎的检出率为91.26%,1～4岁、～9岁、～15岁患儿的检出率分别为100.00%、92.16%和87.50%.结论 逐步加压超声可有效地解决小儿特别是幼儿急性阑尾炎临床诊断的困难.     

《中华小儿外科杂志》2004年第25卷主题词索引

说明 :( 1)本索引按汉语拼音字母顺序排序 ;( 2 )在汉字相同的情况下 ,按期号、页码号排序 ;( 3)文题、作者后括号内数字为期号 ,最后为起页。A癌　小儿分化型甲状腺癌的外科治疗策略(张乃嵩 ,孙冀 ) (1) :2 5癌 ,肝细胞　内分泌腺血管内皮生长因子在肝母细胞瘤中的表达 (高经 ,张志波 ,张可仞 ) (3 ) :2 19Alvarado评分　改良Alvaado评分系统与小儿阑尾炎术后病理的相关分析 (宋炜强 ,赵海腾 ,陈其民等 ) (2 ) :110B臂丛 ,损伤　分娩性臂丛神经麻痹的诊治 (陈亮 ,顾玉东 ) (5 ) :460瘢痕　结肠代食管术治疗儿童食管严重瘢痕狭窄 (程邦昌 ,高尚志 ,毛志福等 ) (1) :3 5婴幼儿期背部烫伤致青少年瘢痕挛缩性脊柱侧弯 (吴亮 ,邱勇 ,朱丽华等 ) (5 ) :3 94闭合复位　胫骨远端三平面骨折分析与致伤机制探讨 (王恩波 ,郑振耀 ,吴健华等 )(1) :5 1病理学 ,外科　改良Alvaado评分系统与小儿阑尾炎术后病理的相关分析 (宋炜强 ,赵海腾 ,陈其民等 ) (2 ) :110便秘　后矢状位肛门直肠成形术后便秘原因初探 (许...     

CT在急性阑尾炎中的应用价值

目的 探讨CT在急性阑尾炎中的应用。方法 回顾性分析我院2002年4月～2004年3月收治的小儿急性阑尾炎,对作过CT检查的52例急性阑尾炎进行分析和研究。结果 作过CT检查的52例急性阑尾炎均经手术及病理检查,病理报告显示急性化脓性阑尾炎35例,阑尾坏疽伴穿孔7例,急性单纯性阑尾炎9例,麦克尔憩室1例。35例急性化脓性阑尾炎中仅有3例CT显示不清,CT诊断率91．4％。7例坏疽穿孔阑尾炎,CT检查均有异常,3例有粪石嵌顿,4例有阑尾增粗,系膜、大网膜增厚模糊,阑尾周围小肠内积气,CT诊断率100％。9例急性单纯性阑尾炎,5例CT显示阑尾增粗,CT诊断率55．5％。结论 对于临床病史、症状、体征不典型或肥胖的小儿急性阑尾炎,诊断有一定困难,可以借助影像学检查,有助于阑尾炎的确诊,特别是坏疽穿孔阑尾炎。     

急性上呼吸道感染定位诊断的初步研究

目的　上呼吸道感染在儿童常见、多发 ,但目前对该病的临床研究尚未引起足够重视 ,从而导致诊断笼统不细化 ,因此该文对小儿门急诊急性上呼吸道感染定位诊断作一前瞻性调查。方法　对 2 0 0 2年 3～ 5月患急性上呼吸道感染共 2 4 6 6例作随机调查 ,并作出定位诊断。结果　各年龄组儿童最常见的是普通感冒 ;婴幼儿患急性喉炎的比例相对较高 ,占喉炎病人的 5 0 % ;较大儿童以渗出性扁桃体炎及急性咽扁桃体炎为多 ,中耳炎仅为36例 ,占总数的 1 .4 6 %。结论　小儿急性上呼吸道感染定位诊断依次为普通感冒 ,急性咽扁桃体炎 ,渗出性扁桃体炎 ,疱疹性咽峡炎 ,急性喉炎 ,急性中耳炎 ,鼻窦炎 ,会厌炎。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断小儿急性阑尾炎的临床应用研究

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断小儿急性阑尾炎的临床应用。方法对临床拟诊的78例急性阑尾炎的患儿全部行彩色多普勒超声检查以明确诊断及鉴别诊断。结果78例临床拟诊的急性阑尾炎病人，经彩色多普勒超声检查诊断为急性阑尾炎的51例，全部行手术治疗，经手术及术后病理检查50例证实为急性阑尾炎。本组出现假阳性1例，假阴性1例，准确率为97．7％。结论采用无创伤性、简单安全的彩色多普勒超声诊断小儿急性阑尾炎可靠、准确，值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜和开放手术治疗不同病理类型小儿阑尾炎的疗效分析

目的比较腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗不同病理类型小儿阑尾炎的疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年12月徐州医科大学附属徐州儿童医院经术后病理证实为阑尾炎的362例住院患儿的临床资料(包括单纯阑尾炎92例、化脓性阑尾炎184例、坏疽性阑尾炎86例),按手术方式将不同病理类型的阑尾炎患儿分为腹腔镜辅助下阑尾切除组(LA组)和开腹手术组(OA组),统计各组术后并发症的发生情况。结果单纯性阑尾炎LA组出现肠梗阻2例(4. 3%),OA组出现肠梗阻9例(19. 6%),差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05); LA组出现切口感染1例(2. 2%); OA组出现切口感染8例(17. 4%),差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。化脓性阑尾炎LA组出现肠梗阻5例(6. 0%),OA组出现肠梗阻14例(14. 0%),差异没有统计学意义(P 0. 05); LA组出现切口感染5例(6. 0%),OA组出现切口感染12例(12. 0%),差异没有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。坏疽性阑尾炎LA组出现肠梗阻3例(6%),OA组出现肠梗阻4例(8. 7%),差异没有统计学意义(P 0. 05); LA组出现切口感染5例(10%),OA组出现切口感染12例(12%),差异没有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论单纯性阑尾炎采用腹腔镜辅助下阑尾切除的治疗效果相对更好,但化脓性阑尾和坏疽性阑尾炎术后并发症的发生与选择何种术式的关系不大。     

二孔法腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术体会

我院腹腔镜外科 2 0 0 2年 1～ 8月对14例急性单纯性阑尾炎和蜂窝组织炎性阑尾炎行二孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除手术(laparoscopyappendectomy ,LA) ,取得较好效果 ,现报告如下。临床资料一、一般资料本组 14例 ,男 4例 ,女 10例 ;年龄 5岁 2个月～ 14岁 ,平均 9岁 1个月 ;临床表现为呕吐、腹痛、发热。发病时间 5～18h ,平均发病时间 12h。体检均发现右下腹固定性压痛 ,无明显肌紧张及反跳痛。实验室检查发现 9例白细胞 >10× 10 9/L ,5例在正常范围。根据病史及临床表现诊断小儿急性阑尾炎。术后病理检查确诊为单纯性阑尾炎 8例、蜂窝组织炎 6…     

Graded compression ultrasonography in the assessment of the “tough decision” acute abdomen in childhood

The diagnosis of acute appendicitis in childhood is frequently difficult. In some situations the need to operate is clear, but in others the decisions may be much “tougher” because the clinical findings are equivocal. This is a retrospective study of a consecutive series of 253 children presenting with “acute abdominal pain? appendicitis” who had graded compression ultrasonography (GCUS) because the clinical scenario did not warrant immediate laparotomy. This represents 30% of all cases seen in the study period. The aim of the study was to examine the role of GCUS and a clinical scoring system (the Alvarado score) in patients in whom the diagnosis is uncertain.     

儿童不典型的进展期阑尾炎临床研究

目的探讨儿童不典型进展期阑尾炎的临床特点。方法回顾性的调查2002年1月-2004年8月415例进展期阑尾炎，根据改良Alvarado评分把患儿分成不典型组、疑似组、典型组三组，比较各组之间的临床特点，总结不典型的进展期阑尾炎的临床特点。结果不典型组与典型组患儿之间在年龄分布、肥胖的有无、阑尾位置分布之间有一定的差异性。不典型组4岁以下儿童比例相对较高；肥胖的患儿比例相对较高；它们在阑尾位置分布上是有差别的，典型组以回肠前和盆位为主，而不典型组以盲肠后以及回肠后为主。结论儿童进展期阑尾炎的不典型表现与患儿的低龄、肥胖及阑尾位置有关，单纯使用建立在临床症状基础上的评分系统，可能会延误这些患儿的治疗。     

探讨3种评分系统对儿童严重脓毒症预后的评估价值

目的 探讨儿童年龄适应性序贯器官衰竭评分（pSOFA）、儿童死亡危险评分（PRISM Ⅲ）、儿童危重病例评分（PCIS）在儿童严重脓毒症中的预测价值和使用价值,以期为临床工作提供借鉴。方法 分析收治的193例严重脓毒症患儿的临床资料,根据最终结局将患儿分为存活组（n=151）和死亡组（n=42）。根据入院24 h内各指标的最差值进行pSOFA、PRISM Ⅲ、PCIS评分。受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析各评分系统预测脓毒症死亡风险的效能,平滑曲线拟合分析各评分系统的相关性和阈值效应,决策曲线分析（DCA）各评分系统的使用价值。结果 ROC分析示PCIS与pSOFA预测价值相当（P=0.182）,PRISM Ⅲ与pSOFA预测价值相当（P=0.210）,但PRISM Ⅲ优于PCIS （P=0.045）。3种评分系统与预后的拟合程度为PRISM Ⅲ > pSOFA > PCIS。DCA分析显示当严重脓毒症患儿死亡风险分别为0.4和0.6时,使用3种评分系统作为紧急干预决策依据,患儿的标准净受益（SNB）为SNB （pSOFA） > SNB （PRISM Ⅲ） > SNB （PCIS）。结论 3种评分系统对严重脓毒症患儿预后均有一定的预测价值,作为临床决策辅助工具可使患儿从中受益,pSOFA优于PRISM Ⅲ和PCIS。     

Clinical Scoring System for Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Children

Objective  

Appendicitis is the most common abdominal emergency usually requiring surgery in the pediatric age group. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis can at times be difficult, especially in children. A failure to diagnose can lead to a progression of disease with its associated morbidity and mortality. The authors used a modification of Alvarado scoring system which consists of eight variables and would provide an accurate guide to the preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis leading to proper and timely management.     

�����й�6�����¶�ͯ������ϱ�׼��̽��

??Objective??To establish diagnostic criteria for asthma in children aged??6 years in China. Methods??From October 2016 to July 2017??a total of 785 wheezing children aged ??6 years were enrolled from a asthma clinic for children in Xinhua hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The questionnaire was used to collect data for a database of childhood asthma. The method of literature search and expert consultation was used to select parameters for the diagnosis of asthma. Univariate analysis was first applied to study the significance of these parameters??and multivariate logistic regression analysis was then performed to establish diagnostic model for asthma in children. According to the β value of the regression model??the scoring system was established. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve was used to test the differential diagnostic efficacy of the scoring system. Results??The diagnostic criteria for asthma in children aged??6 years was developed based on the logistic regression model??and the scoring system was established according to the β value of the model. The main contents included accumulated times of wheezing attacks ≥ 4??3 points????the existence of reversible airflow limitation??3 points????the existence of allergic rhinitis and/or atopic dermatitis??1 point????the existence of allergic history among first-degree relatives??1 point????positive allergen test in vivo or in vitro??1 point??. The area under ROC curve of the scoring system was 0.908??indicating that the diagnostic model and scoring system was of great value in diagnosis of asthma in children aged??6 years. Based on the ROC curve??the optimal cut-off value for asthma diagnosis was four points??with a sensitivity of 95.8% and a specificity of 85.9%. Conclusion??The diagnostic criteria for asthma in children aged??6 years has been established preliminarily??which is simplified and practical and need a large-scale prospective study for further validation and optimization before clinical application.     

The evaluation of the validity of Alvarado,Eskelinen, Lintula and Ohmann scoring systems in diagnosing acute appendicitis in children

Purpose

To show whether Alvarado, Eskelinen, Lintula and Ohmann scoring systems have predictive values in diagnosing acute appendicitis in children.

Methods

Sixty patients with suspected acute appendicitis were prospectively evaluated. Alvarado, Eskelinen, Lintula and Ohmann scores were calculated separately for each patient at the time of admission. The specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of the scores were calculated. The predictive value of the scores was evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the consistency among the scores by Kappa test.

Results

Twenty of the patients were female (33.3 %). The mean age of the patients was 9.9 years (3–16 years). Forty two patients were operated and appendectomies were performed with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The area under the ROC curve showed that the scores had no predictive value in diagnosing acute appendicitis. Kappa test showed that agreement between the scores was not good.

Conclusion

The sensitivity and specificity of the four scoring systems were not sufficient enough in diagnosing acute appendicitis in our patient group. We concluded that the most important factor affecting the decision for surgery in suspected acute appendicitis is the surgeon’s experience combined with physical findings of repeated clinical examinations.     

儿童弥漫性毛细血管内增生性紫癜性肾炎的临床、病理及预后

目的 探讨儿童弥漫性毛细血管内增生性紫癜性肾炎（diffuse endocapillary proliferative Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis,DEP-HSPN）的临床、病理及预后。方法 回顾性收集江西省儿童医院2006年1月—2021年12月经肾活检确诊的44例DEP-HSPN和765例非DEP-HSPN患儿的临床、病理及预后资料并进行比较。结果 809例紫癜性肾炎患儿中DEP-HSPN 44例（5.4%）,平均年龄（8±3）岁,男29例（65.9%）,女15例（34.1%）。与非DEP-HSPN组相比,DEP-HSPN组起病至肾活检时间短、呼吸道感染及肉眼血尿多见,多为肾病综合征型,24 h尿蛋白定量、尿蛋白分级、镜下血尿分级、血肌酐及血尿素氮水平高,而血浆白蛋白及补体C3水平低,病理分级重,IgA以系膜区+毛细血管襻沉积为主,改良后半定量评分系统活动性积分高（均P<0.05）。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,两组患儿肾脏完全缓解率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 DEP-HSPN患儿起病急,临床表现和病理分级重...     

Semiquantitative scoring in children under treatment for atopic dermatitis

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis is the most frequently seen childhood allergic disease in outpatient clinics. Improvement, exacerbation, and response to treatment are typically assessed subjectively and occasionally inaccurately. METHODS: The authors developed two forms for scoring of dermal manifestations and used them to assess 56 children. The correlation between two pediatricians' scores and correspondence to established categories (mild, moderate, and severe) were determined. RESULT: The two physicians' scores for the children correlated well for both forms of scoring. Correspondence of scores as 'mild' and 'moderate' categories were significant (few children participating were 'severe'). CONCLUSION: Use of well-constructed scoring forms should improve clinical assessment of patient course and treatment response.     

小儿肾积水病肾血流动力学改变与临床意义

目的了解小儿肾积水肾血流动力学改变与病肾损害程度的关系。方法采用彩色超声多普勒（CDFI）测量小儿肾积水病肾肾主动脉（MRA）、叶间动脉（IRA）及弓状动脉（ARA）的阻力指数（RI），并与健肾测值进行比较；同时行病肾组织学检查分级，然后与病肾RI作相关分析。结果本组共检测78例小儿肾积水，检测发现：病肾各级肾血管（MRA、IRA、ARA）的RI明显升高，与健肾相应动脉RI比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；病肾各级血管的RI均随病理分级的增加而递增，且叶间动脉的RI在不同病理分级组间比较，差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；病肾各级血管的RI与病理分级密切正相关，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05），其中病肾叶间动脉的RI与病理分级相关性最密切，相关系数r=0．715、P〈0．01。结论小儿肾积水病肾各级肾血管的RI明显升高，与病肾损害程度密切正相关，特别是叶间动脉的RI与病肾损害的相关性最密切（P〈0．01）。因此证实利用简单、准确无创的CDFI检测肾血流动力学改变可作为术前判定病肾损害程度的有效方法之一。     

A new ultrasound scoring system for assessing the severity of constipation in children

Purpose  Pelvic ultrasound (US) has been used in various different ways to assess severity of constipation. We evaluated the use of a new US scoring system to determine if there is any correlation between symptom severity and US findings. Methods  Data were collected prospectively on all children attending the constipation clinic from January 2007 to July 2008. All patients completed a standardised symptom severity score sheet (SSS) for constipation. US was done with the probe placed 2 cm above the pubic symphysis. A new US scoring system designed to assess the faecal loading and its effect on the bladder was used. Patients with severe symptoms were followed up with few patients requiring as many as four follow up visits. During each follow-up visit SSS and US scoring was completed. Results  A total of 500 patients were studied (male 317, female 183) with a median age of 8 years (8 months, 18 years). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software (version 15.0). Pearson’s correlation was used to assess the correlation between SSS and US score. P value <0.05 was considered to represent a statistically significant correlation between symptoms and ultrasound findings. Conclusion  US is an easy and quick tool that can be used in the out-patient setting to assess severity of constipation. The new US scoring system is a reliable method that can be used in conjunction with clinical examination for assessing the long-term improvement of children who are undergoing treatment for chronic constipation.