The effects of thymoquinone on memory impairment and inflammation in rats with hepatic encephalopathy induced by thioacetamide

Metabolic Brain Disease - Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a prevalent complication of the central nervous system (CNS) that is caused by acute or chronic liver failure. This study was designed to...     

吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸酯对2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏的保护作用

目的探讨吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸酯(pyrroli dinedithiocarbamate,PDTC)对2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏的保护作用及机制。方法雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为两组,正常对照组和高脂饮食组。喂养8w后,高脂组腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ,27mg/kg)制造2型糖尿病大鼠模型,造模成功后随机分为两组:糖尿病模型组和PDTC治疗组。治疗1w后断头处死大鼠,测定血脂,HE染色观察大鼠肝脏形态学变化,RT-PCR检测iN-OSmRNA的表达。结果糖尿病模型组较正常组血脂明显升高(P0.01),PDTC治疗组与模型组相比无明显差别(P0.05);糖尿病模型组与正常组相比较肝脏明显脂肪变性,肝细胞损害,PDTC治疗组肝细胞脂肪变性及损害明显减轻。糖尿病模型组iNOSmRNA的表达较正常组明显升高(P0.01),经PDTC治疗后表达较糖尿病模型组降低(P0.01)。结论 PDTC可以减少iNOSmRNA的表达,减少肝细胞脂肪变性及损伤。     

Protective effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaf extract on ethanol withdrawal syndrome in Wistar rats

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Oscimum sanctum L(O. sanctum), an important medicinal herb, on alcohol withdrawal syndrome in Wistar rats. Methods: Liquid diet with 7.2%, v/v ethanol was administered to the rats for 21 d. Control group animals received sucrose as an isocaloric liquid diet. After alcohol withdrawal, rats were examined at 6 th and 24 th hour for major withdrawal signs that included anxiety and hyper locomotor activity. Ethanol withdrawal anxiety was tested using elevated plus maze, light and dark model; the hyper locomotor activity using actophotometer. O. sanctum leaf extract(100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, oral) and diazepam(2 mg/kg, i.p) were administered to the treatment group animals 30 min before alcohol withdrawal estimation. Drug treatment was also given 30 min before the second observation at 24 th hour. On the last day of the protocol, rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation liver, kidney and brain were isolated and preserved in formalin for further histopathological examination. Results: Findings from the present study revealed that O. Sanctum leaf extract treatment at doses 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, oral had a significant protective effect on signs and symptoms of ethanol withdrawal in alcohol-dependent rats. However, no remarkable pathological and microscopic alterations were observed in histopathological examination. Conclusions: O. sanctum seems to be an active drug for the treatment of alcohol abstinence syndrome.     

Antihyperlipidemic effect of Melothria maderaspatana leaf extracts on DOCA-salt induced hypertensive rats

ObjectiveTo investigate the antihyperlipidemic effect of crude ethanolic extract of Melothria maderaspatana (M. maderaspatana) leaf (CEEM) on deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats.MethodsA midscapular incision was made on each rat and the left kidney was excised after ligation of the renal artery. The surgical wound was closed using an absorbable suture. After one week recovery period, hypertension was induced by subcutaneous injection of DOCA-salt solution, twice a week, and the rats received a 1% sodium chloride solution as drinking water throughout the experimental period. CEEM or nifedipine was administered orally once a day for 6 weeks.ResultsIn DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, the level of plasma and tissues of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA) and phospholipids (PL) significantly increased and administration of CEEM significantly reduced these parameters towards normality. Further, the levels of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) significantly increased while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased in hypertensive rats and administration of CEEM brought these parameters to normality which proved their antihyperlipidemic action. Histopathology of liver, kidney and heart on DOCA-salt induced rats treated with CEEM showed reduced the damages towards normal histology.ConclusionsThese findings provided evidence that CEEM was found to be protecting the liver, kidney and heart against DOCA-salt administration and the protective effect could attribute to its antihyperlipidemic activities.     

Protective effect of thymic humoral factor on porcine serum-induced hepatic fibrosis and liver damage in Wistar rats

Introduction. Immunomodulatory drugs have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Thymic Humoral Factor (THF), a peptide produced in the thymus, causes a potent immunomodulatory effect on different components of the immune system. Objective. To evaluate the effect of THF on different stages of liver damage and fibrosis induced in rats through the administration of porcine serum (PS).Material and methods. PS-induced liver fibrosis models serve as a primarily immunological mechanism in the development of liver damage and fibrosis.Results. The intraperitoneal administration of THF in rats with PS-induced liver damage produced a reduction of ALT and AST after 60 days. Histopathological changes in liver sections showed an improved histological appearance and lower % of fibrosis after 60 days in liver damaged rats that received THF treatment. Serum IL-6 levels were visibly reduced by THF administration after 60 days and in comparison with rats that did not receive the treatment. This was due to an increment in serum IL-10 levels caused by the administration of THF, which appears to reduce the inflammatory process by decreasing immune response.Conclusion. THF had beneficial effects in combating liver damage and fibrosis processes in an autoimmune model of PS-induced liver fibrosis in rats.     

地尔硫卓对异丙肾上腺素诱导的大鼠心肌纤维化的保护作用研究

目的:研究地尔硫卓对异丙肾上腺素(ISO)诱导的大鼠心肌纤维化的保护作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:30只,SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、模型组和地尔硫卓组,每组各10只。除正常对照组外,各组均通过皮下注射2 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)异丙肾上腺素的方法诱导大鼠心肌纤维化模型,连续注射10 d。地尔硫卓组灌胃给予10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)地尔硫卓,连续灌胃4周,正常组和模型组给予等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液。采用心电图和血流动力学指标评估大鼠心功能的变化。心肌组织行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色和Masson染色以观察其形态和胶原沉积情况的变化。免疫组织化学法观察I型和III型胶原蛋白的表达情况。试剂盒测定心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛含量的变化。蛋白免疫印迹法检测大鼠心肌组织中核因子κB(NF-κB)、转录生长因子β1(TGF-β1)以及结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)等蛋白的表达变化。结果:地尔硫卓能显著抑制ISO引起的心电图的改变,包括S-T段、T波和QRS波振幅的变化,同时明显抑制心率和左心室舒张末压,显著提高左心室收缩压和左心室内压上升及下降最大变化速率(P<0.05)。HE染色和Masson结果显示,地尔硫卓能改善ISO引起的心肌结构紊乱和胶原过度沉积,显著降低胶原容积分数(P<0.05)。免疫组化结果显示,地尔硫卓能显著降低ISO诱导的Collagen I和Collagen III表达的上调(P<0.05)。地尔硫卓能显著增加SOD、GSH-Px的水平,降低MDA的水平(P<0.05)。蛋白免疫印迹的结果显示,地尔硫卓能恢复因ISO而上调的NF-κB、TGF-β1、CTGF等蛋白的表达水平(P<0.05)。结论:地尔硫卓通过抗氧化应激和抑制NF-κB信号通路来改善ISO诱导的大鼠心肌纤维化。     

藻酸双酯钠对阿霉素肾病大鼠保护作用的实验研究

目的：探讨藻酸双酯钠（ＰＳＳ）对肾病综合征（ＮＳ）的疗效及机理，方法：用阿霉素（ＡＤＲ）静脉注射建立大鼠肾病模型，观察大鼠尿蛋白排泄量，测定有关生化指标和凝血功能，并以ｐｏｌｙｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｍｉｎｅ（ＰＥＩ）为探针检查肾病大鼠ＧＢＭ阴离子位点，结合组织学及形态学改变，进行远期疗效评估，结果：ＰＳＳ可显著降低肾病大鼠尿蛋白的排泄，纠正脂质代谢紊乱，延缓ＭＣＮＳ发展至ＦＳＧＳ的进程，且对肾小球电荷屏     

Protective effects of losartan on some type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced complications in Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Metabolic Brain Disease - Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is characterized by resistance of insulin receptors and/or inadequate insulin secretion resulting in metabolic and structural complications...     

黄芪甲苷对CCL4所致肝损伤大鼠的保护作用*

目的 探讨黄芪甲苷对CCL₄所致肝损伤大鼠的保护作用。方法 将50只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、小剂量、中等剂量和大剂量黄芪甲苷处理组,在造模成功后除对照组和模型组外,给予药物灌胃。取大鼠血清和肝组织,检测肝组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）含量及血生化和羟脯氨酸（Hyp）含量;采用TUNEL法检测肝细胞凋亡。结果 与模型组比,小、中、大剂量黄芪甲苷处理组动物肝组织匀浆SOD、GSH和MDA水平得到显著改善（P<0.05）,血清ALT、AST、TBIL和Hyp含量也显著降低（P<0.05）,而ALB含量显著升高（P<0.05）;小剂量黄芪甲苷组肝组织凋亡小体数为（55.36±2.15）个,中剂量黄芪甲苷组为（44.58±3.06）个,大剂量黄芪甲苷组为（33.24±3.18）个,均显著低于模型组的（66.54±2.56）个（P<0.05）;肝组织病理学检查结果显示,与模型组比,小、中、大剂量黄芪甲苷处理组大鼠肝组织损伤表现显著改善。结论 黄芪甲苷对CCL₄所致肝损伤具有很好的保护作用。     

Protective effects of amphetamine on gastric ulcerations induced by indomethacin in rats

INTRODUCTION The involvement of the adrenergic system in some models of gastric ulcerations is well documented[1-4]. Our previous investigations have shown that amphetamine, an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine has a protective activity on gastric u…     

Protective effects of D-002 on experimentally induced gastroesophageal reflux in rats

AIM:To investigate the effects of beeswax alcohols(D-002)on the esophageal damage induced by gastroesophageal reflux(GER)in rats.METHODS:Sixty male rats were randomized into six groups(10 rats/group):a negative control and five groups with experimentally induced GER:a positive vehicle control,three treated with D-002(25,100 and 200mg/kg,respectively),and one with omeprazole 10 mg/kg.All treatments were given by gastric gavage.One hour after dosing,GER was produced by simultaneous ligation of the pyloric end and the forestomach.Esophageal lesions index(ELI),gastric secretion volume and acidity,and esophageal malondialdehyde(MDA)and sulfhydryl(SH)group concentrations were measured.Statistical significance was considered at P<0.05.RESULTS:As compared to the negative control,the positive control group exhibited increased ELI(5.2±0.33 vs 0±0,P=0.0003),gastric secretion volume(2.69±0.09 vs 0.1±0.0,P=0.0003)and acidity(238±19.37 vs 120.0±5.77,P=0.001),and esophageal concentrations of MDA(2.56±0.1 vs 1.76±0.28,P=0.001)and SH groups(1.02±0.05 vs 0.56±0.08,P=0.0003).D-002(25,100 and 200 mg/kg)reduced ELI(3.36±0.31,2.90±0.46 and 2.8±0.23,respectively)vs the positive control(5.2±0.33)(P=0.004;P=0.002;P=0.001,respectively).There were no significant changes in acidity with D-002 treatment,and only the highest dose reduced the volume of the gastric secretion(1.92±0.25)vs the positive control(2.69±0.09,P=0.013).D-002(25,100 and 200 mg/kg)lowered the esophageal MDA(2.05±0.16,1.98±0.22and 1.93±0.22,respectively)(P=0.01;P=0.03;P=0.03,respectively)and SH group concentration(0.87±0.06,0.79±0.08 and 0.77±0.06,respectively)(P=0.04;P=0.04;P=0.02)vs the positive control(2.56±0.10 and 1.02±0.05,respectively).Omeprazole decreased ELI(2.54±0.47),gastric secretion volume(1.97±0.14)and acidity(158.5±22.79),esophageal MDA(1.87±0.13)and SH group(0.72±0.05)concentrations vs the positive control(P=0.002;P=0.001;P=0.02;P=0.003;P=0.002,respectively).CONCLUSION:Acute oral administration of D-002 decreased macroscopic esophageal lesions and oxidative stress in rats with experimentally induced GER,without modifying gastric secretion acidity.     

Hepatoprotective effect of Premna corymbosa (Burm. f.) Rottl. & Willd. leaves extract on CCl4 induced hepatic damage in Wistar albino rats

ObjectiveTo investigate the hepetoprotective activity of Premna corymbosa leaves against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) induced hepatic damage.MethodsHepatotoxicity was induced in wistar rats of both sexes by intraperitoneal injection of CCl₄, 1 mL/kg body weight for every 72 h. The ethanolic extract of Premna corymbosa leaves were administrated at doses of 200 & 400 mL/kg body weight, p. o., daily for 14 days. The hepatotoxicity and its prevention was assessed by serum markers like serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP), serum triglycerides (STG), serum total protein (STP), serum cholesterol (SC), and liver wet weight and histopathological studies of the liver.ResultsIn treatment with the ethanolic extract, the toxic effect of CCl₄ was controlled significantly (P < 0.01) by restoration of the levels of biochemical parameters as compared to normal and standard drug silymarin treated groups. The liver weight was reduced by the ethanolic extract treated groups. The histopathology of the liver sections evidenced the hepatoprotective activity.ConclusionThe ethanolic extract of the leaves of Premna corymbosa possess significant acute hepatoprotective activity. Premna corymbosa can be recommended for the liver disorders.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of Premna corymbosa (Burm.f.) Rottl. & Willd. leaves extracts in Wistar albino rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the acute toxicity and to investigate the effect of Premna corymbosa ethanolic extract (PCEE) at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in acute and chronic models of inflammation in experimental animals.MethodsIn the acute toxicity study, a single dose of PCEE of 2 000 mg/kg body weight, p.o. was administered and observed for 48 h. In acute models as egg albumin induced paw edema and chronic model as cotton pellet methods was followed.ResultsIn acute models, egg albumin induced paw edema PCEE significantly (P<0.01) inhibited the edema formation. In chronic model, cotton pellet induced granuloma formation in rats PCEE significantly (P<0.01) reduced the granuloma formation with percentage inhibition of 35.17% and 50.38 % respectively.ConclusionsThe present study establishes the antiinflammatory activity of Premna corymbosa leaves.     

氯磷酸二钠对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠肝损伤的影响

目的 探讨氯膦酸二钠对急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠肝损伤的保护作用.方法 SD大鼠48只,按随机表法分为对照组、ANP组和氯磷酸二钠组.采用胰腺被膜下均匀注射5%牛磺胆酸钠制作ANP模型.利用薄膜法制备包裹氯磷酸二纳的脂质体.ANP组和氯磷酸二纳组于制模后立即经尾静脉分别注射空白脂质体和包裹氯磷酸二钠的脂质体.制模后2.6 h分批处死动物,取血检测血清淀粉酶(AMS)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)及IL-6、IL-12的含量,取肝脏和胰腺组织,观察病理学变化.结果 对照组、ANP组和氯磷酸二纳组6 h点的ALT含量分别为(73±11)U/L、(257±33)U/L和(184±29)U/L;AST分别为(190±32)U/L、(590±70)U/L和(430±52)U/L;AMS为(814±80)U/L、(5031±471)U/L和(2843±236)U/L;IL-6为(26.7±5.7)pmol/L、(218.0±4.7)pmol/L和(112.3±8.0)pmol/L;IL-12为(4.2±1.0)pmol/L、(309.5±8.5)pmol/L和(153.7±6.3)pmol/L.ANP组和氯磷酸二纳组上述血清指标均显著高于对照组,而氯磷酸二纳组的含量又较ANP组显著降低(P值均<0.01).氯磷酸二纳组大鼠的胰腺及肝脏病理变化均较ANP组明显减轻.结论 静脉给予脂质体包裹的氯磷酸二纳对ANP大鼠的肝损伤具有一定保护作用.     

PDTC对大鼠阿霉素心肌病的防治作用观察

目的研究吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸盐(PDTC)对阿霉素(ADR)致大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用及作用机理。方法60只雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为3组:ADR组、ADR PDTC组和对照组。实验第30天,测定心肌组织总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、超氧阴离子(O2·)及脂质过氧化物(LPO)水平,测定心肌组织中bcl-2、bax、p53 mRNA的表达。结果与ADR组比较,ADR PDTC组心肌组织T-AOC升高、SOD和GSH-Px活性显著增加;心肌组织O2·及LPO水平显著降低;心肌组织中bcl-2 mRNA表达显著增加,bax、p53 mRNA表达显著降低。结论PDTC对ADR致大鼠心肌损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与增加抗氧化酶的活性,减少活性氧的产生,进而调节凋亡相关基因的表达有关。