巩膜池成形联合小梁切除及羊膜植入术治疗青光眼

目的:探讨巩膜池成形联合小梁切除及羊膜植入术治疗青光眼的临床疗效。方法:将临床收治的196例276眼青光眼患者施行巩膜池成形联合小梁切除及羊膜植入术,对比术后与术前眼压、并发症、房水流畅系数、滤过泡形态。随访3～16mo。结果:眼压术后1wk及1a不用降眼压药物情况下眼压控制在16～21mmHg;并发症:浅前房、低眼压及脉络膜脱离发生率低于10%;房水流畅系数平均0.28Cumm/min.mmHg;滤过泡形态为功能性滤过泡。结论:巩膜池成形联合小梁切除及羊膜植入术治疗青光眼降压效果明显,可以有效的抑制滤过泡的瘢痕组织形成,并发症少,是治疗青光眼安全、有效的手术方法,可以作为常规手术实施。     

巩膜层间引流池样小梁切除术治疗难治性青光眼

目的探讨巩膜层间引流池样小梁切除术治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效。方法34例（38跟）难治性青光眼施行巩膜层间引流池样小梁切除术,术后观察其视力、前房、滤过泡和眼压等情况。结果术后眼压明显降低。滤过泡均为功能性滤过泡。视力保持不变或有所改善。并发症仅为早期浅前房和低眼压。结论巩膜层间引流池样小梁切除术应用于难治性青光眼,可有效地防止滤过泡的瘢痕组织形成,并发症少。     

青光眼小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜填充的疗效观察

目的探讨青光眼小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜填充治疗青光眼的疗效。方法对12例（12眼）青光眼行小梁切除手术，术中联合巩膜瓣下羊膜填充，观察术后并发症的发生和滤过泡的形成以及术后眼压变化。结果（1）眼压：术后3月内，12眼眼压均在10～21mmHg；术后6月，有1眼需用1种降眼压滴眼液使眼压控制在21mmHg以内。（2）滤过泡：滤过泡Ⅰ、Ⅱ型滤过泡10眼；Ⅱ型滤过泡2眼。（3）并发症：术后前房有渗出反应8眼，前房有少量积血1眼，均在1周内恢复。结论小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜填充，在一定程度上提高了青光眼滤过手术的成功率。     

巩膜瓣可拆缝线及角膜侧切口在小梁切除术中的应用

目的观察巩膜瓣可拆缝线及角膜侧切口对小梁切除术后低眼压、浅前房的影响。方法青光眼95例(145眼)在常规小梁切除术中联合应用巩膜瓣可拆缝线及角膜侧切口,术中全部病例人工形成前房,观察术后前房形成情况、滤过泡形态及眼压水平,根据眼压高低、滤过泡形态及前房深浅决定拆除可拆缝线时间,并将浅前房发生率与行单纯小梁切除术的144例(179眼)作对比。结果小梁切除联合巩膜瓣可拆缝线及角膜侧切口术后12眼发生浅前房,浅前房发生率为8.2％;单纯小梁切除术后,浅前房发生率为18.4％。二者相比有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论小梁切除联合巩膜瓣可拆缝线及角膜侧切口可主动调节房水滤过量,促进功能性滤过泡形成,减少小梁切除术后低压性浅前房的发生。     

改良巩膜瓣可拆除缝线法在急性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术中的应用

目的:观察一种改良式巩膜瓣可拆除缝线法在急性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术中的临床效果。方法:对16例28眼急性闭角型青光眼患者施行小梁切除联合虹膜周边切除术,术中对巩膜瓣采取改良式可拆除缝合。结果:所有患者随访6～12(平均8.7)mo。可拆除缝线拆线时间3～17(平均8.33)d,拆线前眼压12.23～18.86(平均15.25)mmHg,拆线后眼压为10.00～17.30(平均11.96)mmHg,两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),28眼均无拆线并发症出现和滤过泡渗漏;术后28眼中Ⅰ度浅前房1例,Ⅱ度浅前房1例,浅前房发生率7%;28眼末次随访眼压10.00～17.30(平均12.55)mmHg;28眼最终形成扁平滤过泡20例,微小囊样滤过泡8例,功能滤过泡100%。结论:改良式巩膜瓣可拆除缝线法在急性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术中安全、有效,有利于远期眼压的控制和功能滤过泡的形成。     

层间巩膜瓣切除联合小梁巩膜条转移治疗青光眼疗效观察

目的探讨层间巩膜瓣切除联合小梁巩膜条转移治疗青光眼的疗效。方法收集2010年5月至2011年2月在我院眼科住院治疗的青光眼患者42例(51眼),分为治疗组(21例26眼)与对照组(21例25眼)。治疗组采用层间巩膜瓣切除联合小梁巩膜条转移术,对照组采用常规小梁切除术。术后观察两组视力、眼压、滤过泡情况及并发症。采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学处理。结果术后两组视力均较术前有所改善,治疗组改善更为明显。治疗组手术后眼压明显下降,至随访12个月时眼压为(14.46±1.92)mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg)。对照组手术后眼压亦明显下降,至随访12个月时眼压为(19.27±1.76)mm-Hg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后12个月治疗组功能性滤过泡发生率所占比例为88.5%,对照组为60.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组26眼中7眼出现浅前房,对照组仅3眼术后出现浅前房。治疗组Ⅰ级前房积血3眼,对照组Ⅰ级前房积血3眼,术后3～5d可完全吸收。治疗组5眼出现低眼压,对照组3眼出现低眼压,术后8d内眼压缓慢回升。结论层间巩膜瓣切除联合小梁巩膜条转移操作相对简单,手术安全,远期降眼压效果明显,值得临床推广应用。     

巩膜瓣制作对小梁切除术后早期滤过功能的观察

目的探讨小梁切除术中改良巩膜瓣的制作方法,观察术后巩膜瓣的大小及缝合与房水滤过量和滤过泡形成的关系。方法对11例(20眼)不同类型的青光眼行小梁切除,术中制作4mm×6mm巩膜瓣,巩膜瓣的后缘与巩膜床间作3针跨度为4mm的闭合式缝合,并形成前房,观察术后早期房水滤过量和滤过泡的形成。结果术后随访半年,术后末次随访平均眼压(8.53±2.55)mmHg,与术前平均眼压(24.9±15.36)mmHg比较,差异有统计学意义(t=4.889,P=0.0001)。滤过泡:7d内Ⅰ型15眼,7d后～半年Ⅰ型13眼。术后均无前房形成迟缓。结论小梁切除术中大巩膜瓣的制作及闭合式缝线技术,术后早期前房自然恢复快,功能性滤过泡形成早,眼压控制效果明显。     

非穿透性小梁手术联合丝裂霉素及深层巩膜反折疗效观察

目的:观察非穿透性小梁手术联合丝裂霉素及深层巩膜反折引流治疗开角型青光眼的临床效果。方法:对14例(18眼)开角型青光眼患者进行非穿透性小梁切除手术,术中联合应用丝裂霉素C及深层巩膜反折引流。观察手术前、后的眼压、视力、视野、前房(前房角)变化及手术后滤过泡情况。随访3~18mo。结果:术前平均眼压(33.96±8.16)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),术后眼压为(14.62±3.53)mmHg,手术前后眼压差异有显著意义(t=11.82,P<0.01)。手术前、后视力及视野无明显改变。术后16眼均形成滤过泡,其中I型6眼,Ⅱ型11眼,Ⅲ型1眼。结论:非穿透性小梁切除联合应用丝裂霉素及深层巩膜反折引流术是治疗开角型青光眼的一种安全、有效、便宜和具有可重复性的新治疗方式。     

改良巩膜瓣小梁切除与传统小梁切除的疗效观察

目的　了解小梁切除术中改良巩膜瓣、不同缝合方式在术中、术后的优缺点。方法　 90例 116眼青光眼患者随机分为 3组 :传统术式组 30例 4 2眼 ;可拆褥式缝线组 30例 4 0眼 ;L形巩膜瓣小梁切除组 30例 34眼。比较 3组术后浅前房、眼压和滤过泡情况。结果　浅前房发生率传统术式组 2 6 18% ,可拆褥式缝线组 7 5 % ,L形巩膜瓣切除组2 94 % ,改良巩膜瓣组与传统术式组比较有非常显著性差异(P <0 0 1) ;随诊眼压传统术式组 (14 6 5± 4 30 )mmHg(1kPa =7 5mmHg) ,可拆褥式缝线组 (13.87± 3.6 0 )mmHg ,L形巩膜瓣切除组 (15 .5 8± 3.2 0 )mmHg ,3组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;随诊功能性滤过泡传统术式组 76 % ,可拆褥式缝线组 93% ,L形巩膜瓣切除组 96 % ,传统小梁切除组与改良巩膜瓣小梁切除组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　采用巩膜瓣可拆褥式缝合与L形巩膜瓣小梁切除可大大降低术后浅前房的发生率 ,并能理想地控制眼压 ,提高术后视功能     

巩膜下小湖成形小梁切除术并可调整缝线治疗闭角型青光眼的临床观察

目的观察巩膜下小湖成形小梁切除术并可调整缝线治疗闭角型青光眼的临床疗效.方法对420例(488眼)50岁以上闭角型青光眼患者进行随机分组,210例(240眼)作为治疗组,术中做深层巩膜切除、巩膜下小湖内注透明质酸钠、巩膜瓣切口两侧做2根可调整缝线,210例(248眼)作为对照组,做传统小梁切除术.分析比较2组术后眼压、前房深度、滤过泡及术中、术后并发症情况.结果术后治疗组l度浅前房8眼(3.3%),对照组l度浅前8-36眼和11度浅前房19眼(共22.2%).2组相比差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).随访1a,治疗组功能性滤过泡213眼(88.8%),较对照组功能性滤过泡159眼(64.1%)多(P<0.05).以不用降眼压药物眼压控制在21 mmHg(1kPa=7.5 mmHg)以下为手术成功标准,治疗组手术成功率为93.3%(224眼),较对照组70.6%(175眼)高(P<0.05).结论巩膜下小湖成形小梁切除术并可调整缝线能有效地降低眼压,减少术后浅前房的发生,提高手术成功率.     

前房穿刺术联合改良复合式小梁切除术治疗AACG高眼压持续状态

目的：探讨急性闭角型青光眼( acute angle-closure glaucola,AACG)急性发作,持续性高眼压药物不能控制下,行前房穿刺联合改良复合式小梁切除手术,对高眼压持续状态的治疗效果。
　　方法：选取2011-06/2015-06间我科收入住院治疗的急性闭角型青光眼急性发作期高眼压持续状态患者共37例37眼,术前视力：光感者2眼,手动者3眼,指数者6眼,0.01者8眼,0.05者6眼,0.1者5眼,0.2者3眼,0.25者2眼,0.3者2眼;眼压：40~50 llHg 者14眼,51~60 llHg者11眼,61~70 llHg者7眼,71~80 llHg者5眼;前房：Ⅱ级浅前房者29例,Ⅲ级浅前房者8例。经过24~72 h综合降眼压药物治疗后眼压未能控制,即行患眼前房穿刺放液术,眼压降至21 llHg以下1~2 d后,即行小梁切除+房角分离术+MMC,术后全身和局部抗炎、抗感染、对症等治疗。
　　结果：术后视力情况：0.1~0.2者3眼,0.25者4眼,0.3者6眼,0.4者8眼,0.5者7眼,0.6者6眼,0.8以上者3眼。眼压：术后不用降眼压药物眼压在10~21 llHg 者26眼,术后用1~2种降眼压药物后眼压在23~27 llHg者8眼,术后用2~3种降眼压药物后眼压仍居高不降,在30~38 llHg之间而再次行手术治疗者3眼。前房分级：l级28眼,Ⅱ级6眼,Ⅲ级3眼;滤泡分型：l型功能性滤泡21眼,Ⅱ型功能性滤泡13眼,Ⅲ型为非功能性滤泡2眼、Ⅳ型为非功能性滤泡1眼。全部患者术中未出现暴发性脉络膜出血、玻璃体脱出及术后恶性青光眼等并发症发生。其中有3例患者再次行白内障超声乳化吸出+IOL植入+小梁切除三联术。
　　结论：急性闭角型青光眼急性发作期患者,在高眼压持续状态下,施行前房穿刺放液联合改良复合式小梁切除手术,是有效、安全可行的,大大减少了术中、术后并发症的发生,显著提高了手术质量和效率,进一步提高了手术的成功率。     

Glaucoma management in developing countries: medical, laser, and surgical options for glaucoma management in countries with limited resources

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Most people affected by glaucoma live in developing countries. Recent trials and reports provide sound evidence for management of glaucoma. This review extrapolates relevant articles to the developing world. RECENT FINDINGS: The predictive value of gonioscopy for progression of primary angle closure suspects (PACS) to primary angle closure (PAC) is only 22% (95% CI: 9.80-34.2). PACS are not uncommon; laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is neither indicated nor feasible for all. Twenty-eight and a half percent of PAC progress to primary angle closure glaucoma; the number needed to treat (NNT) for LPI to prevent progression is only 4. Laser peripheral iridoplasty controls acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG) faster than medical therapy alone. Primary lens extraction has also been suggested as treatment for AACG after control of the acute attack. A 5-year NNT for ocular hypertension (OH) of 20 is too high to allow treatment of all OH. High-risk OH and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) have an NNT of 5 to 6 and merit treatment.Latanoprost and brimonidine are effective in lowering IOP in Asian eyes with POAG, but primary surgical therapy may be a more viable option.For cataract and coexistent glaucoma requiring filtration, trabeculectomy combined with the Blumenthal technique of cataract surgery may be as effective as trabeculectomy combined with phacoemulsification. SUMMARY: The principles of glaucoma management should be the same the world over. Considering the paucity of resources and competing opportunity costs, countries with limited resources have to extrapolate available information in a sensible and cost-effective manner.     

青光眼白内障联合手术治疗急性闭角型青光眼

目的观察晶状体超声乳化吸出、人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼的疗效。方法急性闭角型青光眼39例（46只眼），进行巩膜瓣下隧道切口行晶状体超声乳化吸出、后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术。随访1个月～1年，对比术前、术后的视力，前房深度和眼压变化。结果46眼最佳矫正视力较手术前提升，术后眼压波动于正常范围，前房深度较术前增加。术后出现角膜水肿39眼，虹膜反应和晶状体前膜11眼，经积极治疗后明显改善。结论青光眼白内障联合手术疗效确切，虽然也存在一定的并发症，但及时处理并发症，仍可获得良好疗效。     

Topical verapamil in glaucoma filtration surgery.

PURPOSE: Because of the reported antifibroblastic effect of verapamil, a calcium-channel blocker, we investigated the potential benefit of adjunctive topical verapamil in patients undergoing glaucoma filtration surgery. METHODS: This prospective, double-masked, randomized study included 56 eyes of 56 consecutive patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma undergoing trabeculectomy (primary or surgical revision of failed trabeculectomy), trabeculectomy combined with cataract surgery, or Molteno drainage device implantation. Postoperatively, the treated eyes received verapamil (0.25%) or one drop of placebo four times a day for 1 month in addition to 1% prednisolone four times a day and corticosteroid-antibiotic ophthalmic ointment at bedtime. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in preoperative mean intraocular pressure, mean number of medications, and glaucoma severity between the verapamil and placebo groups. There were also no significant differences between the two groups in filtration success rate, mean intraocular pressure, and mean number of medications on postoperative days 1, 4, or 7 and at postoperative months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no significant benefit of adjunctive topical verapamil when it was used after trabeculectomy, trabeculectomy combined with cataract surgery, or Molteno drainage device implantation.     

小梁切除术后影响视力因素的临床分析

目的探讨青光眼患者小梁切除术术后影响视力的因素.方法回顾分析59例74只眼青光眼患者实施小梁切除术对视力的直接影响诸因素.并对视力较术前降低者展开讨论.结果术后视力改变程度59只眼(79.76%)不变和提高;15只眼(20.24%)降低.视力下降者年龄≤60岁者占26.7%,＞60岁者占73.3%.引起视力下降是综合因素,诸如瞳孔散大,晶状体混浊加重,晶状体前囊色素附丽,前房出血等.结论各类青光眼中慢性闭角型及老年伴有全身性疾病者手术后更具有发生视力下降的可能性,视力下降原因大多系多因素综合.     

改良双瓣形小梁切除联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼

目的：探讨改良双瓣形小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效。 方法：分别采用改良双瓣形小梁切除术联合羊膜移植及单纯小梁切除术治疗难治性青光眼患者40例48眼, 术后随访1a,观察比较两组患者术后眼压、滤过泡、视力及并发症等情况。 结果：联合治疗组术后1mo,1a平均眼压分别为11.8±25,12.2±2.1mmHg,与术前及对照组相比,差异均有显著统计学意义（P＜0.01）;术后随访1a均为功能性滤泡,视力较术前有不同程度提高,与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后前房深度及早期并发症情况也明显好于对照组。 结论：改良双瓣形小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼临床效果肯定、并发症少、简单易行、安全可靠,值得基层医院推广应用。     

Clinical research of EX-PRESS drainage device and modified trabeculectomy combined with intravitreal conbercept treatment for neovascular glaucoma

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified trabeculectomy(experimental group) and implantation of EX-PRESS drainage device(control group),combined with intravitreal conbercept injection for neovascular glaucoma(NVG).METHODS:Totally 30 patients with NVG were selected from June 2014 to June 2017,and randomly divided into experimental group and control group.All patients were underwent intravitreal conbercept(0.5 mg/0.05 mL) treatment before surgery.Modified trabeculectomy was performed in MT group,while EX-PRESS drainage device implantation was performed in EX group.The success rates,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),filtering bleb and complications were observed and compared.RESULTS:The differences of success rate,BCVA and filtering bleb were not statistically significant 12mo after the surgery(P>0.05),however,the difference of IOP at 1d,1wk,1,3,and 6mo after surgery was statistically significant(F_time=390.64,P_time<0.0001) between two groups.The interactions between two groups in the given time showed no significant difference(F_{intergroup×time}=0.181,P_{intergroup×time}=0.57),and also there was no significant difference in IOP between the two groups(F=3.16,P=0.09).The results of pairwise comparison at each time point showed no significant difference in IOP between 1d and 1wk,3 and 6,3mo and 12mo after surgery(P>0.05),while the results at other time point indicate statistical differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The modified trabeculectomy and the implantation of EX-PRESS drainage device have clinical application value in reducing IOP and postoperative complications of refractory NVG.     

Effect of angle closure glaucoma and surgical intervention on the corneal endothelium.

To assess the effect of acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG) and related surgical intervention on the corneal endothelium, specular microscopy was performed following surgery in a series of 69 patients: 27 for AACG, 9 for incipient angle closure, 17 for chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG), and 16 for chronic open angle glaucoma (COAG). Peripheral iridectomy for incipient angle closure glaucoma caused no significant effect on the corneal endothelium, but, following peripheral iridectomy or drainage operation for AACG, significant lowering of the endothelial cell count was present in the affected eye (p less than 0.05) with 1,000 cells/mm2 in 7 cases. This was related to the presence of segmental iris atrophy (p less than 0.01). Peripheral iridectomy for CACG or incipient angle closure glaucoma was not accompanied by a significant effect, but drainage operation for CACG or COAG was associated with a significant fall in count (p less than 0.01). Thus, both AACG and drainage operation significantly affect the corneal endothelium, and this should be assessed before undertaking further surgery.     

超声乳化白内障吸除联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障

目的：探讨双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者65例70眼,术后随访3~12mo,观察视力、眼压及并发症的发生。
　　结果：术后患者视力≤0.1者2眼,>0.1~0.3者6眼,0.4~0.8者60眼,≥1.0者2眼,术后眼压在正常范围内(<21mmHg)者69眼,1眼术后出现浅前房,经治疗改善。
　　结论：双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障手术成功率高,疗效佳,是一种理想的手术方式。