佛山市老年人口腔健康相关生活质量状况及影响因素分析

目的：了解佛山市老年人口腔健康相关生活质量状况,并探讨相关影响因素。方法：于2016—2017年对143名佛山市老年人开展口腔健康流行病学调查,采用多因素logistic回归分析模型分析老年人口腔健康相关生活质量的影响因素。结果：143名佛山市老年人因口腔健康影响生活质量的发生率为82.5%,口腔生理功能、疼痛与不适、心理社会不适3个方面影响生活质量的发生率分别为61.1%、65.0%和31.3%;残根数多、牙结石牙数多均是导致口腔健康相关生活质量低下的危险因素;余留牙数多、每天保持刷牙2次以上、自评总体口腔健康好、已参加商业保险等是保护因素。结论：老年人群因口腔健康问题影响生活质量的情况较普遍,建议相关部门制订促进计划时,重视老年人近端的客观生理健康和主观感受,兼顾考虑远端的社会因素及健康行为。     

萎缩性舌炎的治疗

中医认为，萎缩性舌炎是指由多种疾病引起的舌粘膜的萎缩性改变，属中医“镜面舌”或“裂纹舌”，中医对本病辨证治疗有较好疗效，现介绍如下：     

青少年固定矫治各阶段口腔健康相关生活质量变化的研究

目的:分析青少年固定矫治各疗程中口腔健康相关生活质量的变化情况。方法:将我院口腔科2016年3月—2019年2月收治的60例实施固定矫治的青少年患者纳入此次研究,建立口腔健康影响程度量表(OHIP-14)并回访调查所有患者在T0(固定矫治前)、T1(治疗一周)、T2(治疗一个月)、T3(治疗3个月)、T4(治疗6个月)、T5(治疗一年)、T6(治疗结束)七个阶段的口腔健康相关生活质量情况。观察在不同疗程阶段青少年患者口腔健康对生活质量造成的影响。结果:T6阶段相较于T0阶段分值减少,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);T1至T2分值逐渐上升,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);T3至T6阶段分值逐渐降低,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论:固定矫治不同阶段对青少年口腔健康相关生活质量造成的影响具有差异,矫治开始阶段对口腔健康相关生活质量造成的影响最大,随时间的推移,对口腔健康相关生活质量的影响减少。     

新疆维吾尔自治区农村老年人口腔健康相关生活质量及影响因素分析

目的 调查新疆维吾尔自治区农村老年人口腔健康相关生活质量(oral health-related quality of life, OHRQoL)现状,分析其影响因素,为制定有效的口腔卫生服务政策提供参考依据。方法 采用老年口腔健康评估指数(geriatric oral health assessment index inventory, GOHAI)、简明口腔健康评估表对新疆农村1 093名老年人进行口腔健康状况及其相关生活质量调查,运用多元线性回归分析影响因素。结果 GOHAI总分为(49.66±7.15)分,生理功能、疼痛与不适和心理社会3个维度得分分别为(15.25±3.67)、(12.35±2.28)、(22.07±3.55)分,从负面影响比例来看,生理功能维度的两个条目：“咬或咀嚼食物困难”、“所吃食物的种类和数量受限”影响最大,分别为40.53%、32.85%;独居、月收入≤1 000元、蔬菜摄入<1盘/d、患慢性病数量≥1种、1年内看过牙医、口腔健康状况差的老年人OHRQoL为低水平。结论 新疆农村老年人OHRQoL为中低水平;影响OHRQoL的因素是多方面的,包...     

不同程度错颌畸形对儿童口腔健康相关生活质量的影响

目的观察不同程度错颌畸形对儿童口腔健康相关生活质量的影响。方法选择2012年1月-2015年12月丽水市第二人民医院收治的210例11~14岁错颌畸形汉族儿童作为观察组,同期体检的210例正常颌儿童作为对照组。应用简化11~14岁儿童健康问卷(CPQ11-14)的中文版、正畸治疗需要指数(IOTN)牙齿健康部分(DHC)及一般项目表对其口腔健康生活质量进行调查,得出影响儿童口腔健康相关生活质量的因素。结果 DHC 3级和DHC>3级社交评分高于对照组(DHC 1级)和DHC 2级(P<0.05);DHC 2级、DHC 3级和DHC>3级情感评分高于对照组(P<0.05);女童DHC 2级、DHC 3级和DHC>3级口腔症状评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。男童各组社交评分、情感评分、口腔功能评分、口腔症状评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DHC 2级、DHC 3级和DHC>3级社交评分均高于对照组(P<0.05),DHC 3级和DHC>3级社交评分均高于DHC 2级(P<0.05);DHC 2级、DHC 3级和DHC>3级情感评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);DHC 3级和DHC>3级口腔功能评分均高于DHC 2级和对照组(P<0.05);DHC 2级、DHC 3级和DHC>3级口腔症状评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。女童DHC 2级和DHC 3级CPQ总得分高于男童(P<0.05)。结论儿童错颌畸形对儿童的社交、情感、口腔症状有一定影响,错颌畸形对女童口腔健康相关生活质量的影响较男童严重。     

正畸治疗对错颌畸形儿童口腔健康相关生活质量的影响

目的探讨正畸治疗对错颌畸形儿童口腔相关生活质量的影响。方法将217例接受正畸治疗的错颌畸形儿童作为观察组,再选择150例无错颌畸形儿童作为对照组,采用儿童青少年口腔健康影响程度量表(COHIP)对儿童口腔健康相关生活质量进行调查比较,观察组儿童在正畸治疗前、治疗3个月以及治疗6个月分别进行随访调查。结果观察组儿童口腔健康、社会-情感健康、功能健康、自我形象以及COHIP总分均显著低于对照组(P0.05),而两组学校环境评分无显著差异(P0.05);不同性别错颌畸形儿童口腔健康、功能健康、学校环境以及COHIP总分无显著差异(P0.05),但错颌畸形女孩社会-情感健康以及自我形象评分低于男孩(P0.05);不同性别错颌畸形儿童口腔健康、功能健康、学校环境以及COHIP总分无显著差异(P0.05),但错颌畸形女孩社会-情感健康以及自我形象评分低于男孩(P0.05)。结论错颌畸形儿童口腔健康相关生活质量较正常儿童明显降低,且错颌畸形越严重儿童口腔健康相关生活质量越低,正畸治疗对儿童口腔健康生活质量有明显影响,且以治疗初期影响更为明显,需要引起临床医师的关注,采取积极的措施提高正畸治疗初期儿童口腔健康相关生活质量。     

上海市青浦区赵巷镇老年人口腔健康相关生活质量 调查及影响因素分析*

目的掌握上海市青浦区赵巷镇老年人口腔健康相关生活质量及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样,对赵巷镇2个居委及2个村的60岁及以上的老年人,采用口腔健康评价指数(GOHAI)评价其口腔健康相关生活质量。结果共调查185名老年人,GOHAI平均得分为45.16分,74.0%的老年人GOHAI得分≤50分。多元线性回归结果显示,能够充分咀嚼食物的老年人GOHAI分数高(P0.05);≥II度松动牙数越多、咬合牙对(后牙)越多的老年人GOHAI分数越高(P0.05);年龄越大的老年人GOHAI分数越高(P0.05)。结论青浦区赵巷镇老年人口腔健康相关生活质量较差,牙齿松动、不能充分咀嚼食物是影响该镇老年人口腔健康相关生活质量的主要因素,今后应对牙周病患者建议及早进行口腔疾病治疗。     

补脾胃泻阴火升阳汤加减治疗肿瘤并发萎缩性舌炎效果分析

目的：探索研究补脾胃泻阴火升阳汤治疗肿瘤并发萎缩性舌炎的临床效果。方法：观察组使用补脾胃泻阴火升阳汤进行治疗,对照组使用毛果芸香碱和枸杞酸糖浆进行治疗。观察组和对照组均以2周为一个疗程,记录临床试验数据。结果：在使用补脾胃泻阴火升阳汤的观察组的总有效率92．00％,在使用毛果芸香碱和枸杞酸糖浆的观察组的总有效率84．00％;使用补脾胃泻阴火升阳汤的观察组的显效数量和总有效率均高于使用毛果芸香碱和枸杞酸糖浆的对照组,两组在显效率及总有效率两方面比较差异显著（p〈0．05）,具有统计学意义,可以得出泻阴火升阳汤的治疗效果比毛果芸香碱和枸杞酸糖浆好。结论：中医古方泻阴火升阳汤在治疗肿瘤并发引起的萎缩性舌炎方面有着很好的疗效,值得在今后临床治疗中进行推广使用。     

佛山市青少年口腔健康相关生活质量及影响因素分析

目的 调查佛山市12～15岁青少年口腔健康相关生活质量,并探索其影响因素,为青少年的口腔健康促进提供对策建议.方法 采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方式招募佛山市3 840名12～15岁青少年,对青少年口腔健康进行横断面研究.采用口腔临床检查和口腔健康问卷调查收集信息,并利用描述性分析、非参数检验和等级Logistic回...     

口腔健康与生命质量

牙齿健康，笑容才会更加灿烂。如何清洁牙齿，保持健康呢？下面介绍一些方法给大家。     

健康教育品管圈活动对肝炎后肝硬化患者生存质量的影响

目的评价健康教育品管圈活动（quality control circle,QCC）对肝炎后肝硬化患者生存质量的影响。方法将120例符合纳入标准的患者随机分成两组各60例,对照组采用常规健康教育模式,干预组通过开展QCC活动实施健康教育路径表。比较两组患者入院时和出院3个月随访时的生存质量。结果入院时,两组患者的生存质量比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;出院3个月随访时,干预组患者的生存质量显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论健康教育品管圈活动可显著提高肝炎后肝硬化患者的生存质量。     

Subjective quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome

The aim of this study was to (1) assess Subjective Quality of Life (SQOL) of patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) using a generic concept and to compare the findings with those in groups with mental disorders and healthy subjects, and (2) investigate whether and, if so, to what extent socio-demographic and clinical variables predict SQOL in CFS patients. Seventy-three patients diagnosed with CFS were randomly selected and interviewed from two specialised clinics. CFS was diagnosed using the Oxford Criteria. SQOL was assessed on the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) on the Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36 (MOS) SF-36. A battery of mood and symptom questionnaires, including the Symptom Checklist Questionnaire (SCL-90-R), was administered to assess various aspects of symptomatology as potential predictor variables. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of SQOL. Overall, SQOL was low in CFS patients and less favourable than in groups with mental disorders and healthy subjects. Satisfaction was particularly low with life as a whole, leisure activities and financial situation. Whilst SQOL was only moderately correlated with HRQOL, the SCL-90-R score, especially SCL-90-R Depression scale score, was the best predictor of SQOL explaining 35% of the variance. HRQOL and generic SQOL appear distinct despite some overlap. The findings underline that SQOL is significantly disrupted in CFS patients. Depressive symptoms are statistically the strongest ‘predictor’ of SQOL, although the direction of the relationship is not established. These data suggest that treatment of depression associated with CFS, regardless of causation, could help to improve SQOL in CFS patients.     

Individual quality of life in the healthy elderly

Quality of life research with the elderly has usually focused on the impact of decline in function, and used a pre-determined model of quality of life in old age. The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (SEIQoL) allows individuals to nominate, weigh and assess those domains of greatest relevance to their quality of life. The SEIQoL was administered to 56 healthy elderly community residents at baseline and 12 months later. Quality of life levels were significantly higher at baseline (t=–2.04; p=0.04) than that of a previously studied sample of healthy adults below 65 years of age, and did not change significantly over the study period. The domains nominated by both samples as relevant to their quality of life differed notably. Health status was not correlated with the perceived importance of health at baseline, and showed only a low correlation (r=0.27) at 12 months. The weight placed on health did not increase over the study period despite a significant decline in health status. The value of allowing the individual to define personal quality of life values in a research context is explored.Funding for this study was provided by Ciba Ltd, the Dhole Bursary of the British Geriatrics Society and by the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.     

Assessing quality of life in eating disorder patients

Objective: To examine quality of life among subgroups of eating disorder patients. Method: Self-report questionnaires which included two quality of life measures were completed by 87 individuals referred for treatment to the Australian Capital Territory Eating Disorders Day Program. Health-related quality of life, as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short Form Mental Component Summary scale, and subjective quality of life, as measured by subscales of the World Health Organization Brief Quality of Life Assessment Scale (WHOQOL-BREF), were compared among individuals who received the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa purging subtype (n=15), anorexia nervosa restricting subtype (n=19), bulimia nervosa (n=40) and binge eating disorder (n=10), and among a general population sample of young adult women employed as a control group (n=495). Results: Eating disorder patients, when considered together, showed marked impairment in both health-related and subjective quality of life relative to normal control subjects. However, in both domains, restricting anorexia nervosa patients reported significantly better quality of life than other patient groups, after controlling for levels of general psychological distress. Scores on the Social Relationships subscale of the WHOQOL-BREF among individuals in this subgroup were similar to those of normal control subjects. Conclusions: Reliance on any one instrument is likely to be misleading in assessing the quality of life of eating disorder patients. Careful consideration needs to be given to the assessment of restricting anorexia nervosa patients in particular.     

Changes in quality of life among persons with HIV infection

Health-related quality of life (QOL) is an important component of the evaluation of patient outcome in HIV infection where disease is progressive and debilitating. This paper compares patient-reported QOL obtained from questionnaires which cover functional ability, social functioning, cognition, mental health, disability days, disease symptoms, and overall health in the previous 3 months. These scales have been validated on HIV populations. We compared changes in health status over 12 months for 669 patients with varying HIV disease severity: 134 asymptomatic, 416 symptomatic (previously termed ARC), and 119 AIDS. Groups were evaluated at baseline for demographic and health status differences (i.e., age, CD4+). Declines in health status and psychosocial status were found over the year for all persons. Individuals with symptomatic disease or AIDS had significant declines of 10–20% (p<0.001) in all aspects of role functioning (social, daily activities, energy, and global health) and increased disease symptoms, but no significant declines in cognition or mental health. Persons with AIDS had greater declines than those with symptomatic disease. AIDS and symptomatic patients also reported significantly fewer hours at work and more disability days than asymptomatic patients. The impact that HIV disease has on the health status of non-AIDS symptomatic patients is especially striking.This research was supported by a grant from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (HS06211) to James F. Fries, Principal Investigator. This paper was presented at the VIII International Conference on AIDS, Amsterdam, July 1992.     

高血压病患者症状与生命质量关系

目的 探索高血压病患者症状和生命质量之间的关系.方法 运用横断面调查方法,以统一印制的调查表对644例高血压病患者实施问卷调查.以Spearman等级相关检验症状计数和症状引起痛苦值与SF-36量表各维度相关性,以逐步回归分析影响因素.结果 症状及由症状引起的痛苦与SF-36的8个维度均显著相关.在多变量模型中,无论是服用降压药组还是未服用降压药组,症状计数及由症状引起的痛苦值均进入模型;但是在服用降压药组,症状及由症状引起的痛苦比其他因子如年龄、血压等对生命质量的影响更严重.结论 高血压病患者的症状对生命质量有显著影响,测定并处理症状对提高患者的生命质量具有重要意义.     

多囊卵巢综合征患者的生活质量及健康教育需求调查

目的 调查多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者的生存质量以及对健康教育的需求。 方法 采用中文版PCOS生存质量量表和自制问卷对440例多囊卵巢综合征患者进行调查,调查内容包括患者的一般情况、生存质量情况以及对健康教育的需求情况。 结果 267例(60.7%)多囊卵巢综合征患者生活质量低,其中对生活质量影响较大的维度分别是月经失调、痤疮、肥胖;在所列项目中,PCOS患者对改善月经情况指导、并发症预防知识指导和饮食指导的需求较高。 结论 多囊卵巢综合征患者生活质量整体不佳,健康教育需求呈现多样化;应重视患者健康教育,促进其身心健康的恢复及生活质量的提高。     

Health‐related quality of life in children with myelomeningocele: a systematic review of the literature

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most complex congenital birth defect compatible with life. To provide the best health care for children with MMC, clinicians and researchers have to understand health and functional status of their patients as well as factors influencing their quality of life (QOL). The objective is to review studies that assess health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and determinants of HRQOL in children with MMC. The data sources include MEDLINE, along with reference lists of relevant reviews and included articles. Study eligibility criteria are quantitative studies that assess HRQOL using validated HRQOL instrument. Participants include children aged 0–18 years with diagnosis of MMC or spina bifida. Risk of bias was assessed using the Hayden system for non‐randomized studies. Narrative synthesis and tables of results of HRQOL studies were conducted. Children with MMC have decreased HRQOL compared with normative population. Physical HRQOL is the most exposed aspect of QOL, while discrepancies in psychosocial domains vary by study. Many determinants of QOL have been found, and it is still not clear which determinant can be described as the strongest predictor. Psychosocial factors are the most consistent determinants of HRQOL.Heterogeneous study sample size, study designs, determinant and outcomes measures limited synthesis of findings. The HRQOL in children with MMC is complex and mediated by a number of associated medical problems, together with a variety of psychosocial and environmental factors. Future research is needed (a) on the relation between complex medical problems, functional independence, parent's and clinician's expectation and HRQOL in children and (b) to assess the differences in HRQOL by social environment and healthcare system.     

A reformulation of quality of life for medical science

Current quality of life measuring tools are suited for economic decision making, not to investigate causal processes which lead to patients making evaluations of their lives. An alternative approach is presented based on research into positive versus negative life-satisfaction. Quality of life is a causal sequence of psychological states where perceived symptoms cause problems and the problems and symptoms cause evaluations, and where the causal sequence is a complex interaction between morbidity and psychological factors. Different types of medical intervention affect different stages in the causal sequence and so different types of quality of life instrument are needed for different kinds of medical research.     

Cross-cultural development of a quality of life measure for men with erection difficulties

Erection difficulties have a profound effect on a man's quality of life, however, the emotional consequences are often overlooked in quantitative research where most sex-related questionnaires focus on a man's functional ability. Consequently, we developed a cross-cultural instrument to measure quality of life specific to male erection difficulties (QOL-MED). The items in the QOL-MED originated from interviewing forty men with erection difficulties in Seattle and Boston. Twelve men in the USA and 29 men in England helped us refine the instrument. Testing the QOL-MED's psychometric properties involved two administrations over a two-week period in the USA (n=40) and the UK (n=29). For discriminant validity, we predicted quality of life would worsen with increased self-perceived severity of the condition. After controlling for years with erection difficulties in a linear regression model, we found a significant negative association between self-perceived severity and quality of life for men in the UK only (p<0.01). The expectation that the measure would produce evidence for convergent validity by being more closely correlated to well-being than functional status was not confirmed. Both the USA and UK instruments were internally consistent (Cronbach's =0.94 and 0.96, respectively), and reproducible (0.78 and 0.95, respectively). This instrument provides a promising tool for studying therapies and understanding quality of life in patients with erectile dysfunction.This research was supported from a research grant from Syntex, Inc.Mr. Wagner is now a doctoral student at the University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.