额窦黏液囊肿累及眶内21例

回顾分析21例额窦黏液囊肿并发眼眶症状患者的临床资料,现报告如下. 1 资料与方法 1.1 资料 2000年1月至2008年12月我科收治的额窦黏液囊肿并发眼眶症状患者21例,其中男性13例,女性8例;年龄29～71岁;病程（出现眼眶症状）1周至3个月.其中1例曾因颅面部外伤行保守治疗,3例因慢性鼻-鼻窦炎行鼻内镜手术.所有患者均因眼眶症状首诊于眼科,其中眼球突出14例次,视力下降5例次,复视18例次,溢泪3例次.术前均行鼻内镜、鼻窦冠状位和轴位CT扫描检查,可见鼻腔粘连3例次,鼻息肉5例次;均可见额窦内囊性均质性病变突入眼眶内,其中有颅面部外伤患者额窦腔内可见骨性碎片堵塞窦口引流.合并筛窦囊肿3例.     

鼻内镜诊治蝶窦病变

目的提高对蝶窦病变症状和诊断的准确率以及对鼻内镜手术治疗该病优越性的认识.方法分析15例蝶窦病变的临床表现及内镜手术的效果.结果蝶窦霉菌4例,囊肿3例,炎症5例,均1次治愈.蝶窦乳头状瘤1例,随访中;蝶窦自发性颈内动脉假性动脉瘤1例,因行鼻内镜微创手术避免了死亡;蝶窦、后组筛窦低分化鳞癌在鼻内镜下获得精确取检确诊.结论蝶窦病变经CT和MRI等高清晰度的影像学检查可获明确诊断,鼻内镜手术对蝶窦病变治疗有其优越性.     

鼻窦源性肿瘤侵犯眼眶52例临床分析

目的 探讨侵犯眼眶的继发于鼻窦肿瘤的临床、影像学特点及治疗方法.方法回顾性分析52例侵犯眼眶的鼻窦肿瘤患者的临床表现、CT和MRI特点及治疗.结果 患者首发症状为单眼眼球突出.其中副鼻窦黏液囊肿29例,腺样囊性癌11例,鳞状上皮癌6例,其他恶性肿瘤6例.CT检查平扫25例,增强扫描5例,表现为鼻窦内形状不规则软组织肿块,眶内侧壁及眶下壁可见骨质中断,可见肿物向眶内突出,增强后肿瘤眼明显强化.MRI检查12例,均为平扫＋增强扫描,可见上颌窦或筛窦肿块与眼眶内肿块信号相等且连续.增强后肿瘤明显强化.58例全部行手术治疗.结论 鼻窦肿瘤易侵及眼眶,临床多以眼球突出为首发症状.CT、MRI检查有助诊断.多学科联合诊治,对提高鼻窦肿瘤的诊断和综合治疗水平有十分重要的临床意义.     

鼻内镜下3种径路治疗上颌窦囊肿102例

上颌窦囊肿是耳鼻喉科常见病、多发病,经CT扫描检查易发现、易诊断,治疗主要是鼻内镜下经中鼻道扩大上颌窦自然口取出囊肿。我科采用鼻内镜下经3种不同径路治疗上颌窦囊肿102例,报告如下。     

鼻源性头痛的鼻内镜手术治疗

鼻源性头痛指鼻腔鼻窦局部病变（如鼻窦炎、鼻息肉、鼻腔和鼻窦新生物等）引起的头痛,常伴有明显的鼻部症状,诊断不难。但是部分患者鼻部症状不甚明显,常被误诊为偏头痛。本文对38例鼻源性头痛患者行鼻内镜下手术治疗,现报告如下。     

筛窦囊肿致失明2例

由于筛窦与眼眶的关系密切 ,筛窦病变易导致视力障碍 ,但筛窦囊肿致失明者少有报道 ,我院曾发现 2例 ,现报告如下。例 1,男 ,49岁。因头痛 10天 ,左眼失明 9天 ,于 2 0 0 1年1月 10日入院。查体 :左眼失明 ,左眼睑下垂 ,完全遮盖角膜 ,眼球略突出并固定 ,瞳孔散大 ,直接、间接对光反射消失 ,角膜反射消失。头部 CT无异常。鼻窦 CT示 :左后组筛窦可见类园形 ,边界清楚软组织影 ,向球后突入。入院诊断 :“筛窦囊肿、眶尖综合征”。于次日在全麻下行鼻外开筛筛窦囊肿摘除术 ,术中见后组筛窦近视神经孔处有 1.5 cm× 1.5 cm大小的囊性物 ,穿破…     

真菌性鼻窦炎诊治24例分析

目的提高对真菌性鼻窦炎的认识,有利于诊断和治疗.方法分析24例真菌性鼻窦炎的发病趋势、临床表现、影像学特点及疗效.结果发病率呈增高趋势,与多种因素有关.手术是主要的治疗方法.结论CT和彩色超声的联合运用明显提高对真菌性鼻窦炎的诊断水平,有助于与鼻腔恶性肿瘤、鼻窦囊肿等鉴别.鼻内镜联合上颌窦根治术对于真菌性上颌窦炎的治疗更为有效.     

眶尖部及视神经肿瘤的早期诊断

目的探讨眶尖部及视神经肿瘤在眼球突出前的临床表现、影像学检查特征及临床诊断要点。方法回顾性分析22例无明显眼球突出单侧眼眶肿瘤患者的病历资料,包括主要症状、首发表现、临床诊治过程及影像学检查结果。结果22例肿瘤患者中,海绵状血管瘤6例,神经鞘瘤、视神经鞘脑膜瘤、鼻窦及鼻咽腔恶性肿瘤眶内蔓延各4例,后组筛窦黏液囊肿2例,神经纤维瘤和视神经胶质瘤各1例。以视力下降为首发症状者17例,视力下降合并复视者3例。全部患者均在CT或MRI检查后确诊。肿瘤位于眶尖部或起源于视神经。结论眶尖部及视神经肿瘤的早期症状是视功能障碍,无眼球突出表现。视力呈缓慢进行性下降,按视神经炎治疗效果差。CT或MRI检查对早期诊断起重要作用。     

内镜下处理鼻窦病变及开口528例手术分析

目的探讨内镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉时窦121开放的重要性及处理方法。方法采用鼻窦内镜对528例慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者进行手术治疗并进行回顾性临床分析。结果全部患者术后均随访6个月～3年，症状均明显好转，手术疗效评定标准按1997年海121标准，其中术后治愈439例（83．14％），好转67例（12.69％），无效22例（4．17％）。结论建立以筛窦为中心的各窦引流通畅，是鼻窦内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉疗效的关键。     

141例鼻眼相关疾病的临床研究

目的分析和探讨鼻眼相关疾病的病因、症状、体征和治疗等临床特点及其诊疗经验.方法对我院1996年10月至2005年5月间收治的141例鼻眼相关疾病的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中慢性泪囊炎16例、鼻源性眶内蜂窝织炎15例、鼻窦囊肿致眶内并发症11例、良性肿瘤18例、恶性肿瘤16例、外伤性鼻眶骨骨折65例.结果141例患者经临床常规检查、影像学、病理学和手术探查等均明确诊断.治疗后,16例慢性泪囊炎溢泪症状均消失;15例鼻源性眶内蜂窝织炎痊愈;11例鼻窦囊肿,术后视力、突眼、复视不同程度改善;18例良性肿瘤,术后突眼、复视、视力下降、溢泪不同程度改善;16例恶性肿瘤治疗后,复视、眼球运动及视力障碍、突眼、溢泪等症状不同程度改善缓解;65例外伤性鼻眶骨骨折获痊愈(9例伴视神经损伤中,4例视力有较明显提高,5例视力改善不明显;2例伴眶内侧壁异物在鼻内窥镜下取出).结论鼻窦与眼眶关系密切,影像学在诊疗上有重要的价值,鼻内镜下鼻内径路治疗鼻眼相关疾病有明显的优势,鼻眼相关疾病常首诊于眼科,应引起相关学科医生的关注.     

纤维蛋白封闭剂在鼻内镜手术中的应用

目的 探讨纤维蛋白封闭剂(fibrin sealing,FS)在功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术中的临床应用价值.方法 随机将163例行鼻内镜鼻窦手术患者分成FS组、Merocel高膨胀材料组和凡士林油纱条组,比较不同填塞材料的术后临床表现及远期影响.结果 FS组在鼻内镜鼻窦手术中止血效果差于高膨胀材料及凡士林油纱条组,但术后头痛及鼻腔疼痛较轻,鼻黏膜反应轻,创口愈合快,鼻黏膜上皮化快,鼻腔粘连少.结论 鼻内镜鼻窦手术中应用FS术后头痛及鼻黏膜反应轻,值得临床进一步实践、应用.     

Computed tomography of the lacrimal drainage system: retrospective study of 107 cases of dacryostenosis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of computed tomography in patients with dacryostenosis. METHODS: One hundred seven cases of dacryostenosis (94 patients) were assessed by thorough clinical and lacrimal history and examination, and lacrimal region computerized tomography (CT). The lacrimal drainage system examination included the state and position of the puncta; Jones testing; lacrimal syringing; and, in the latter half of the study, telescopic nasal endoscopy. The patients were drawn from the hospital outpatients and private office of the operating lacrimal surgeon in this series (I.C.F.). Of the 107 cases, 79 either underwent dacryocystorhinostomy surgery or had this planned. RESULTS: In 14 of the 107 cases (12 patients), preoperative CT led to an alteration of patient management, usually referral to an otolaryngologist for further evaluation or treatment. In addition to the detection of two tumors extrinsic to the sac, conditions such as ethmoiditis, lacrimal sac mucoceles, soft tissue opacity in the nasolacrimal duct, gross nasal polyposis, fungal sinusitis, and a dacryolith were observed by CT. CONCLUSION: Similar to the role of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in otolaryngology, CT imaging will become increasingly important in the assessment of many patients with symptoms of lacrimal drainage obstruction.     

Clinical Manifestations and Management of Orbital Mucoceles: the Role of Ophthalmologists

Purpose To report the clinical features of orbital mucoceles and discuss the role of ophthalmologists in the management of patients with orbital mucoceles.Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients with orbital mucoceles treated at the National Taiwan University Hospital from 1990 through 2002. The basic profiles, clinical features, and the management of the patients with orbital mucoceles were recorded and analyzed.Results The records of a total of 15 patients (aged 22 to 76, mean 45.5 years) with orbital mucoceles were selected for this study. The initial presentations included proptosis in ten patients (66.7%), diplopia in five (33.3%), ocular movement limitation in four (26.7%), periorbital pain in four (26.7%), palpable mass lesion in four (26.7%), ptosis in three (20.0%), decreased visual acuity in three (20.0%), headache in two (13.3%), and pupil abnormality with relative afferent papillary defect in one (6.67%). Of the 15 patients, the origins of the orbital mucocele were in the frontoethmoidal sinus in six (40.0%), the ethmoidal sinus in three (20.0%), the frontal sinus in three (20.0%), the maxillary sinus in one (6.7%), and the sphenoidal sinus in two (13.3%). The transcaruncular approach for the management of orbital mucoceles was performed in eight cases, the Lynch approach in three cases, the transforniceal approach in two cases, and functional endoscopic sinus surgery in one case. After surgery, no recurrence was noted.Conclusions The frontoethmoidal sinus was the commonest origin of an orbital mucocele, and proptosis was the most frequent sign in patients with an orbital mucocele. All cases showed a favorable response to surgical intervention, and the transcaruncular approach may offer a good surgical option for the management of orbital mucoceles, especially for ophthalmologists. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2005;49:239–245 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2005     

自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘眼部表现的临床分析

目的:探讨自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘眼部表现特点及诊断要点,提高对该病的认识,减少临床漏诊、误诊。方法:回顾分析14例就诊于我院的自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者的眼部症状及体征、影像学检查、治疗方法等。结果:所选14例病例中最常见的眼部表现为眼球突出(100%)、结膜及浅层巩膜充血扩张(93%)。行CT或MRI检查的12例病例中,眼上静脉增粗者9例,海绵窦增宽或高信号者6例。4例行栓塞治疗者眼部症状和体征得到明显改善。结论:自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的眼部临床谱广泛多样,特征性眼部表现结合影像学检查可有效提高诊断。栓塞治疗对改善眼部表现效果明显。     

Management of frontoethmoidal mucoceles with orbital extension: is primary orbital reconstruction necessary?

PURPOSE: Sinus mucoceles with orbital extension are often managed primarily by an otolaryngologist to relieve the sinus obstruction. In this study, a series of patients was examined to determine whether or not reconstruction of the orbit was necessary at the time of the initial sinus surgery from the perspective of an orbital surgeon often involved in the comanagement of orbital complications of sinus mucoceles. METHODS: A retrospective interventional case series of 5 patients with frontoethmoidal mucoceles comanaged by otolaryngology and oculoplastics. We reviewed symptoms, clinical findings, course, and treatment of our patients and reviewed the literature regarding management options for frontoethmoidal mucoceles. RESULTS: In extended follow-up, clinical resolution of presenting orbital symptoms and radiographic evidence of reformation of the bony orbit was noted without the need for orbital reconstruction at the time of the initial sinus surgery for a sinus mucocele with orbital extension. CONCLUSIONS: A specific subset of sinus mucoceles with orbital extension may resolve by primary sinus surgery alone. A decision on the relative merits of orbital surgery at the time of primary sinus surgery should be made on a case-by-case basis.     

眼部症状为首要表现的鼻窦良性病变鼻内镜下手术

目的探讨以眼部症状为首要表现的鼻窦良性病变的临床特点与治疗。方法以眼部症状为首要表现的鼻窦良性病变患者32例，结合临床特点及CT扫描结果，采用鼻内镜下手术进行治疗。术后行鼻内镜常规处理。同时一并治疗相关病变。结果本组患者中，术后眼球复位32例，术前溢泪8例症状消失，其中2例有眶尖综合征者于术后5d症状改善、头痛消失，感觉恢复正常；术前存在视力下降的4例患者在术后1周改善，2例复视患者在术后2周内恢复。所有患者术后视力均无下降。随访6～12个月，术后均无复发。结论CT扫描是诊断眼部症状为首要表现的鼻窦良性病变的重要指标，采用鼻内镜下手术治疗该病安全、有效。     

鼻内镜下取自体骨个体化治疗眶内侧壁骨折疗效分析△

目的 探讨鼻内镜下经筛窦入路利用自体骨行个体化重建眶内侧壁的疗效。方法 采用鼻内镜下经鼻-鼻窦入路,根据患者眶内侧缺损大小及鼻中隔形态,行个体化重建眶内侧壁治疗16例,观察患者术后眼球运动障碍、眼球凹陷、复视症状恢复情况。结果 本组16 例患者术后随访3~13个月,眼球运动障碍、眼球凹陷、复视基本恢复,未出现鼻中隔血肿及穿孔、眶内感染、视力下降、移植骨片脱位等并发症,仅1例患者在术后第5天因不慎挖鼻后反复出现鼻出血行鼻内镜下电凝止血术。结论 经鼻内镜下鼻窦入路,利用自体鼻中隔软骨及筛骨垂直板个体化重建眼眶内侧壁,疗效较确切。     

内镜辅助微创甲状腺手术和传统手术的临床效果比较

目的探讨鼻内镜辅助下颈前小切口甲状腺手术的疗效、临床经验和手术注意事项,并与传统手术进行比较。方法我科术前确诊的单发甲状腺腺瘤患者26例,肿瘤最大直径﹤4.0 cm,均行鼻内镜辅助颈前小切口腺叶切除术,观察疗效,并与同期具有可比性的30例经传统手术治疗的患者资料进行比较。结果2组患者的肿块均完整切除,切口均I期愈合。术后无声音嘶哑、呛咳、继发血肿等并发症。无手术死亡病例。鼻内镜辅助下颈前小切口组的手术时间较对照组长(t=9.139,P<0.05),术中出血量较对照组大(t=12.648,P<0.05)。小切口组患者的瘢痕长度、患者满意度、住院天数明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鼻内镜辅助下颈前小切口甲状腺手术安全、可靠,能有效避免神经、血管损伤,具有并发症少、微创、美容的优点,值得临床推广。     

Ophthalmic complications in patients with paranasal sinus mucopyoceles.

We examined 45 (23 male and 22 female) Japanese patients with paranasal sinus mucopyoceles associated with ophthalmic complications. The patients ranged in age from 31 to 87 years. The patient distribution by the affected sinus was as follows: maxillary sinus alone, 17 patients; ethmoidal sinus alone, 9 patients; frontoethmoidal sinuses, 9 patients; frontal sinus alone, 7 patients, and other multiple sinuses, 3 patients. Thirty-nine mucoceles and 6 pyoceles were identified. Ophthalmic signs and symptoms included lid swelling, ocular pain, pseudoptosis, proptosis, displacement of the eyeball, epiphora, slight blurring of vision, severely decreased visual acuity, visual field abnormality, diplopia, disk edema, retinoichoroidal folds and increased intraocular pressure. Of the 45 patients, 1 had a history of sinus trauma and 29 had a history of sinus surgery.     

鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术62例临床分析

目的探讨鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术的方法与临床效果。方法对62例（64眼）鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术进行分析总结，术后随访6个月。结果治愈56眼（87．5％）好转8眼（12．5％）总成功率100％。结论鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术效果良好，创伤小、治愈率高、不影响美容。