汽车安全气囊致眼外伤临床分析

目的 探讨汽车安全气囊致眼外伤的临床特点及诊治方法.方法 对2004～2006年于我院眼科住院的15例30眼汽车安全气囊致眼外伤病例进行回顾性分析.结果 闭合性眼球钝挫伤15例30眼,均伴有角膜挫伤(占100%),其中合并有前房积血12例20眼(占66.67%),瞳孔括约肌撕裂6例9眼(占30%),视神经挫伤5例6眼(占20%),玻璃体积血3例3眼(占10%).经治疗12例24眼角膜恢复透明,合并前房积血全部吸收,其中18眼视力恢复至1.0;1例1眼在临时角膜下行玻璃体切割、穿透性角膜移植术,术后视力0.1;4例5眼形成角膜瘢翳,因为同时合并有视神经挫伤,视力0.2～0.3.结论 汽车安全气囊可导致多种类型眼损伤,其中尤以角膜挫伤发病率高,且多为双眼性,角膜恢复透明时间长,治疗棘手,可延误合并有眼后段损伤的诊断及治疗,因此对合并有眼后段损伤的病例临床上容易漏诊,早期诊治有利于患者视力恢复.     

颞骨骨折性面神经瘫痪的手术治疗

目的 探讨颞骨骨折性面瘫的处理方法。方法 对60例颞骨骨折性面瘫患者实行手术治疗。48例行颞下颅中窝径路面神经减压术，8例行乳突耳径路面神经减压术，另4例行颅内外联合径路面神经全段减压术。结果 手术中发现面神经损伤部位位于迷路段及膝状神经节周围者48例，位于水平段8例，4例膝状神经节及水平段均受损伤。以House-Brackmann（H—B）分级法作为疗效评价标准，术后随访1年达到H—B分级Ⅰ级39例，Ⅱ级18例，Ⅲ级2例，Ⅳ级1例。结论 对于颞骨骨折性面瘫的患者，应尽早明确面神经受损的程度及部位．尽早实施手术，并根据术前确定的面神经损伤的部位来决定手术径路。     

Comparison of air dose and operator exposure from portable X-ray units

This study was aimed at investigating and comparing exposure dose of workers and the surrounding workers. In addition, worker’s exposure was also measure about lens and finger. Four intraoral portable X-ray units were evaluated. The stray radiations were measured using Pitman 37D and ionization chamber (Pitman). MyDosemini (ALOKA) was used for measurement of the finger exposure dose. Without the shield became high in anterior 0.5 m. Comparing the air dose for the four models used in this study showed a high tendency for the two NOMAD models. And using the shields, the images could be taken 4.6 times of the baseline at a maximum and 3.6 times on average. The finger radiation exposure dose was low with both of the NOMAD models, with no significant difference found. By setting the baseline value without a shield, finger radiation exposure when using a shield was lower than the detection limit for the D3000, and was reduced by approximately 94–96% for other three models. All models can photograph around 100 bodies, so it is considered that it is not necessary to switch out the operator considering the operation limit. But even if it does not reach the operation limit, the stochastic effects of radiation exposure can be increased as well as the deterministic effects of the operation limit. The operator and the surrounding workers seek to protect themselves. It is important to perform exposure management that takes into account the stochastic effects to the operator and the surrounding workers.     

七叶皂苷钠治疗胫腓骨骨折所致肢体肿胀的临床研究

目的：探讨三七叶皂苷钠治疗胫腓骨骨折所致肢体肿胀的疗效。方法：选择颈腓骨骨折共172例的临床资料进行回顾性调查，根据用药情况患分为四组，分别观察各组肢体肿胀消退的程度和治疗时间。结果：七叶皂苷钠组的疗效优于不用药组，七叶皂苷钠组与甘露醇组比较疗效无显差别，联合用药组的疗效优于单独用药组。结论：七叶皂苷钠具有抗渗出、增加静脉张力和改善微循环、抗氧自由基等作用，副作用小于同类药物，故在治疗胫腓骨骨折所致肢体肿胀方面有一定应用价值。七叶皂苷钠和甘露醇联合应用，可以治疗中重度肢体肿胀。     

Cerebral air emboli from angiography in a patient with stroke. A case report

A 42-year-old woman with subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage was investigated with diagnostic angiography, disclosing an occlusion of the left internal carotid artery and the middle cerebral artery. CT examination immediately after the angiography revealed a 12-h-old infarct of the left middle cerebral artery territory. There was also gas in the arteries supplying the infarcted part of the brain, but not in other vessels. Air had most probably been introduced during the angiography and had consequently been "trapped" in the cortical arteries of the ischemic brain. In the non-ischemic parts of the brain air may have passed through the vessels leaving no trace.     

Comparison among alpha-particle energy losses in air obtained from data of SRIM, ICRU and experiments

In the present work, we compare the alpha-particle energy losses in air obtained from experiments and from stopping powers given in Report 49 of the International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU49) and Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter-2000 (SRIM-2000). The alpha energy losses have been experimentally determined for both ²⁴¹Am and ²³⁰Th sources using alpha spectroscopy; such losses are observed to deviate significantly from the calculated ones. The deviations suggested that the stopping powers given by SRIM-2000 might be too high and those given by ICRU might be even higher.