PACS中的标准DICOM

医学数字图像通讯标准DICOM3.0(Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine Ⅲ）是医学信息学领域中正在广泛使用的工业标准,DICOM3.0正在成为医院医学影像存档与通讯系统PACS（Picture Archiving and Communication System)事实上的国际标准。本文介绍了DICOM3．0的产生,组成和E－R建模基础,介绍了DICOM的国内外发展情况。     

PACS中的DICOM标准分析及应用

DICOM是PACS系统中被国际认可的医学图像标准。本文分析了DICOM标准的主要部分，特别是信息对象定义、服务类和服务对象、数据组织格式、通讯机制等部分。结合广州医学院附属第二医院的实际情况，阐述了DICOM标准如何在PACS中应用。     

医学数字图像通讯（DICOM）标准及在我国的实施策略

医学数字图像通讯标准ＡＣＲ－ＮＥＭＡ ＤＩＣＯＭ（ＤｉｇｉｔａｌＩｍａｇｅａｎｄＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｏｎｓｉｎＭｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ）是在医学信息学领域中的正兴起的标准，ＤＩＣＯＭ定义了标准网络接口和数据模型使医学图像设备的制造厂商在标准网络上实现设备互联，它简化了各种类型的医学图像的开发，本文首先简要的介绍了ＤＩＣＯＭ标准的形成历史，ＤＩＣＯＭ标准的信息模型及组成部分，其次，介绍了ＤＩＣＯＭ的应用ＤＩ     

有关PACS构建的几点讨论

1　前言医学图像归档和通讯系统 (ｐｉｃｔｕｒｅａｒｃｈｉｖｉｎｇａｎｄｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ＰＡＣＳ)的构建是目前各大医院网络化的热门话题 ,目前情况下 ,ＰＡＣＳ是否尽快上马 ,上什么类型的ＰＡＣＳ (Ｍｉｎｉ -ＰＡＣＳ ,Ｌｏｃａｌ -ＰＡＣＳ或全院性的大型ＰＡＣＳ) ,采取什么方式进行ＰＡＣＳ建设及ＰＡＣＳ与ＨＩＳ合成等等 ,都是有关ＰＡＣＳ建设需要考虑的关键问题。本文结合我院ＰＡＣＳ系统论证及初步构建方案的设想 ,讨论有关ＰＡＣＳ构建初期所面临的几个关键问题。2　ＰＡＣＳ的历史与目前我国ＰＡ…     

图像归档和通讯系统（PACS）的发展与应用

图像归档和通讯系统，是经通讯网络获取、存储、管理和显示放射医学图像的集成信息系统。近年来，国外的ＰＡＣＳ技术和应用已逐步进入成熟期，有大量的研究成果和应用实例；但我国的ＰＡＣＳ研究和应用因起步较晚，尚处在相对落后的局面。本介绍了ＰＡＣＳ系统发展历程，概述了国外ＰＡＣＳ研究和应用的现状，最后分析了国内ＰＡＣＳ的发展状况，展望了其在我国医疗信息系统发展中的应用前景。     

浅析PACS中的DICOM标准

随着医学影像设备的广泛应用以及PACS的快速发展，为了统一各种数字化影像设备的图像数据格式和数据传输标准而诞生的DICOM标准已经成为医学数字成像和通讯的共同标准。本文简要的介绍了DICOM标准的历史以及DICOM数据集和DICOM文件格式的组织形式。     

DICOM医学图像的存储与管理

随着数字化医学成像设备在医院的广泛使用,对医学图像及相关数据的存档管理以及在不同科室之间的数据共享的要求越来越迫切,这就需要建立PACS(图像存档和通讯系统),这方面国外已经发展了很多年,我国目前处于起步阶段.本文参照PACS系统的一个已经被国际认可的医学图像标准即医学成像和通讯标准DICOM(digital imaging and communication in medicine),研究了标准的各个部分,特别是兼容性、信息对象定义(IOD)、服务对象对类(SOP)、数据编码等部分,就具体实现PACS系统的一个重要方面即医学图像的存档和管理做了深入的探讨,在此基础上建立了医学图像数据库系统,为实现医学图像信息的网络共享打下了基础.     

HIS和PACS集成的DICOM方式

HIS和PACS的集成是医院信息系统发展面临的重要问题，本文讨论了DICOM3.0提供的HIS和PACS的接口，介绍了HIS和PACS集成的DICOM方式。     

DICOM医学图像采集的方法与实践

医学图像采集是PACS的重要环节,也是PACS实用化的关键。本文比较了几种常见的图像采集方法,重点介绍了通过DICOM接口的图像采集,在详细阐明了DICOM网络的概念和DICOM消息交换的规范之后,介绍了我们编写的DICOM医学图像采集软件,本软件是在Windows平台上利用SocketAPI编写而成,提供了DICOM标准定义的验证、存储、查询和检索等服务,测试结果表明,本软件能够顺利地与成像设备连接并采集图像。     

DICOM医学图像扩展模型的研究

医学图像存档和通讯系统PACS(Picture Archivingand Communication System)促进了医学图像的共享，但是该系统只能提供基于关键字的医学图像检索，不能进行基于语义内容检索，本研究在现有图像处理、分析和理解技术的基础上对医学图像的内容信息进行了划分，并对PACS系统的医学成像和通讯标准DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communicationin Medicine)信息模型进行了扩充，增加有关图像内容的信息，提出了DICOM信息模型的扩展模型。通过该模型来组织医学信息的存储和检索可以满足基于关键词和基于图像语义内容检索的需要，最后在该模型的框架下实现了超声心动图像基于形状特征的检索。     

A DICOM document-oriented approach to PACS infrastructure

The need for long-term storage requires the future migration of image data from a PACS to its successor system. This paper considers the cost of such migration. It is proposed that storage of data as “documents” in DICOM Part 10 formats on industrystandard media could reduce the time and cost of data migration relative to on-line DICOM transfer. The relation to present efforts in developing document-oriented electronic patient records is discussed. DICOM Part 10 files are found to be a sufficient representation of image documents, but additional software tools will be needed to reach its full potential. There is a significant cost benefit of the document storage method, but it is one of many factors which must be balanced in the selection of a PACS.     

PACS中DICOM图像传输与存取系统的设计

为实现DICOM图像的传输和存取,本研究通过分析DICOM通信机制和DICOM图像的特性,设计了DICOM图像传输与存取系统。该系统用多线程实现DICOM图像传输,数据库采用SQL2005。实验结果表明,该系统能基本实现传输和存取的功能,有助于实现微型PACS。     

DICOM SR原理及其在PACS中的设计与实现

本文首先分析目前国内医院信息化现状,然后针对弊端结合对DICOM SR和IHE原理解析,通过对业务流程和软硬件系统按照国际标准进行规范,提出了符合DICOM和IHE的结构化诊断报告的模型实现,并阐述该模型实现的在全院PACS的设计与实施的具体应用.关键字:DICOM SR;IHE;PACS;HL 7;RSNA;HIMSS     

Issues Surrounding PACS Archiving to External, Third-Party DICOM Archives

In larger health care imaging institutions, it is becoming increasingly obvious that separate image archives for every department are not cost effective or scalable. The solution is to have each department’s picture archiving communication system (PACS) have only a local cache, and archive to an enterprise archive that drives a universal clinical viewer. It sounds simple, but how many PACS can truly work with a third-party Integration of the Health Care Enterprise Compliant Image Archive? The answer is somewhat disappointing.Key words: PACS, IHE Actors, enterprise archiving     

DICOM Modality Worklist: An essential component in a PACS environment

The development and acceptance of the digital communication in medicine (DICOM) standard has become a basic requirement for the implementation of electronic imaging in radiology. DICOM is now evolving to provide a standard for electronic communication between radiology and other parts of the hospital enterprise. In a completely integrated filmless radiology department, there are 3 core computer systems, the picture archiving and communication system (PACS), the hospital or radiology information system (HIS, RIS), and the acquisition modality. Ideally, each would have bidirectional communication with the other 2 systems. At a minimum, a PACS must be able to receive and acknowledge receipt of image and demographic data from the modalities. Similarly, the modalities must be able to send images and demographic data to the PACS. Now that basic DICOM communication protocols for query or retrieval, storage, and print classes have become established through both conformance statements and intervendor testing, there has been an increase in interest in enhancing the functionality of communication between the 3 computers. Historically, demographic data passed to the PACS have been generated manually at the modality despite the existence of the same data on the HIS or RIS. In more current sophisticated implementations, acquisition modalities are able to receive patient and study-related data from the HIS or RIS. DICOM Modality Worklist is the missing electronic link that transfers this critical information between the acquisition modalities and the HIS or RIS. This report describes the concepts, issues, and impact of DICOM Modality Worklist implementation in a PACS environment.     

PACS中网络打印的DICOM遵循性研究及实现

根据D ICOM标准,以面向对象的方法定义影像设备打印管理服务的各层次,实现相应的事件和属性,并在AGFA、KODAK、FU JI等激光相机上进行程序的调试实现。同时通过测试在D ICOM网络打印环境中所支持的相应打印服务来评估打印机是否可以进行影像的一致性表达,从而实现数据流上对打印质量的控制。通过研究,最终在医院实际应用环境中实现了激光相机遵循D ICOM标准的网络打印,并能对打印质量进行调节。     

Creation and Storage of Standards-based Pre-scanning Patient Questionnaires in PACS as DICOM Objects

Radiology departments around the country have completed the first evolution to digital imaging by becoming filmless. The next step in this evolution is to become truly paperless. Both patient and non-patient paperwork has to be eliminated in order for this transition to occur. A paper-based set of patient pre-scanning questionnaires were replaced with web-based forms for use in an outpatient imaging center. We discuss this process by which questionnaire elements are converted into SNOMED-CT terminology concepts, stored for future use, and sent to PACS in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format to be permanently stored with the relevant study in the DICOM image database.     

基于IHE的DICOM SR原理及其在PACS中设计与实现

本文首先分析目前国内医院信息化现状,然后针对其弊端结合对DICOM SR原理解析,提出了符合国际标准和技术规范的结构化诊断报告模型,并阐述该模型在全院PACS应用中的实现.