人乳牙牙周膜干细胞的生物学特性研究

目的:体外分离纯化人乳牙牙周膜组织来源的干细胞,研究其生物学特性、表面标记物及多向分化能力。方法:用酶消化法和有限稀释法对正常人乳牙牙周膜组织进行原代培养,并通过免疫细胞化学方法和流式细胞仪对其来源进行鉴定,进而从增殖能力、克隆形成能力和多向分化能力等方面对乳牙牙周膜干细胞的生物学特性进行研究。结果:分离培养获得的人乳牙牙周膜干细胞在形态上与恒牙牙周膜干细胞相似,均为长梭形成纤维细胞样;免疫细胞化学和流式细胞仪分子表型鉴定显示乳牙牙周膜干细胞阳性表达间充质来源的表面标志STRO-1,CD146,CD29和CD90,造血系来源的标志物CD34为阴性;细胞周期,MTT和克隆形成率的检测结果显示,人乳牙牙周膜干细胞的增殖能力强于恒牙牙周膜干细胞;人乳牙牙周膜干细胞在体外诱导条件下可以向骨,脂肪细胞方向分化;同时RT-PCR检测发现,矿化诱导后细胞成骨相关基因(ALP,OCN,Col I)的表达上调,成脂诱导后细胞成脂相关基因(PPAR-γ,C/EBPα)的表达上调。结论:人乳牙牙周膜中确实存在间充质来源的干细胞,并且具有较强的增殖能力和多向分化能力,为牙周组织工程种子细胞提供了新的可能来源。     

犬乳牙牙髓干细胞体外培养及生物学性能研究

目的：体外分离培养比格犬乳牙牙髓干细胞（DTPSCs）,研究其生物学特性。方法：用酶解组织块法培养6周龄比格犬 DTPSCs,克隆法纯化,检测细胞克隆形成能力及增殖曲线;免疫组化鉴定细胞来源,流式细胞术鉴定细胞表面标记物;进行细胞多向诱导分化能力检测。结果：获得了成集落状生长的犬乳牙牙髓细胞,其克隆形成率为32％;免疫组化确定细胞为间充质而非造血来源;流式细胞术鉴定 STRO-1、CD146阳性表达,而 CD14、CD45及 CD86阴性表达;细胞成骨、成脂诱导后分别对茜素红、油红 O 染色阳性,成牙本质诱导后细胞碱性磷酸酶、牙本质涎磷蛋白染色阳性,且细胞内碱性磷酸酶活性显著增高。结论：比格犬乳牙牙髓中存在具有间充质干细胞表型、自我更新及多向分化能力的干细胞。     

人脂肪组织来源血管周干细胞成骨、成脂、成软骨分化能力研究

目的    研究从人脂肪组织中提取的血管周干细胞（human perivascular stem cells,hPSCs）的特点,并探讨其成骨、成脂及成软骨分化的能力。方法    采用流式荧光细胞分选技术（FACS）在12例行吸脂手术患者的脂肪标本中分选出人基质血管成分（human stromal vascular fraction,hSVF）和由周皮细胞（CD34-、CD146+、CD45-）与外膜细胞（CD34+、CD146-、CD45-）组成的hPSCs进行培养,比较其克隆增殖能力,然后将2种细胞进行成骨、成脂和成软骨诱导,诱导结束后分别进行茜素红染色、油红O染色和阿尔新蓝染色,并检测成骨诱导后的成骨相关基因mRNA表达。结果    hSVF和hPSCs均以纺锤形成纤维样细胞生长,hPSCs呈现出更快的融合趋势,且细胞形态更均一。hPSCs细胞相比于hSVF具有更强的克隆增殖能力（P < 0.05）。hPSCs细胞在成骨及成软骨方向比hSVF具有更强优势,而hSVF在成脂方向比hPSCs具有更强优势。成骨诱导后,hPSCs的成骨基因碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase,ALP）和骨钙素（osteocalcin,OCN）的相对表达量要明显高于hSVF（P < 0.05）。结论    hPSCs细胞具有干细胞的多项分化潜能,且其在成骨方向具有很强优势,可成为骨组织工程学中理想的种子细胞来源。     

人牙周炎症组织中干(祖)细胞的分离培养及初步鉴定

目的:体外分离纯化人牙周炎症组织来源的干(祖)细胞,研究其生物学特性、表面标记物及多向分化能力。方法:用组织块消化法对人牙周炎症组织进行原代培养,经有限稀释法纯化细胞并连续培养,测定其生长曲线和克隆形成率,用免疫荧光化学染色检测细胞表面波形丝蛋白、STRO-1和CD146的表达,并对其进行成骨和成脂诱导,观察其分化能力。结果:从人牙周炎症组织中可提取出干(祖)细胞,该细胞具有较高克隆形成能力,波形丝蛋白、STRO-1、CD146表达阳性,具有成骨、成脂多向分化能力。结论:人牙周炎症组织中存在干(祖)细胞,为牙周组织工程种子细胞提供了新的可能来源。     

人牙髓干细胞体外成骨向分化的实验研究

目的：探讨人牙髓干细胞在体外成骨向分化潜能。方法：用免疫磁珠法分选人牙髓干细胞并检测其干细胞表面标志物Stro-1、CD29、CD34、CD44、CD45、CD90、CD105的表达。体外诱导人牙髓干细胞向成骨细胞分化,通过碱性磷酸酶染色和茜素红染色观察成骨诱导后细胞的成骨活性和矿化结节形成情况,通过real-time PCR分析成骨相关基因ALP、col I、RunX2、OC的表达,未成骨诱导细胞作为对照。结果：人牙髓干细胞阳性表达间充质干细胞表面标志物Stro-1、CD29、CD44、CD90、CD105,阴性表达造血干细胞表面标志物CD34、CD45。成骨诱导5d、7d、14d ALP染色阳性,21d茜素红染色仅诱导组可见明显钙结节形成,对照组为阴性。成骨相关基因ALP、RunX2和Col I mRNA在成骨诱导早期高表达,OC mRNA在成骨诱导14d表达开始逐渐升高。结论：经磁珠分选纯化的人牙髓干细胞在成骨诱导条件下可向成骨细胞分化,形成钙盐沉积和矿化结节,ALP、col I、RunX2、OC参与了成骨向分化的过程。     

人牙髓干细胞体外分选分化的初步实验研究

目的 体外培养人牙髓细胞,分选牙髓干细胞并诱导其分化.方法 选择因正畸目的 而拔除的健康完整双尖牙,酶消化法进行牙髓细胞培养,并进行来源鉴定.单抗Stro-1标记牙髓干细胞、免疫磁珠分选系统进行分选.矿化液定向诱导分选后的牙髓十细胞,比较诱导前后Stro-1染色及改良Gomori钙钴法染色检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的改变.结果 体外培养人牙髓细胞呈成纤维细胞样,抗波形丝蛋白染色阳性,抗角蛋白染色阴性.牙髓干细胞Stro-1检测阳性,牙髓细胞中干细胞附性率约为10%.矿化诱导后细胞Stro-1阴性、ALP阳性表达.结论 采用免疫磁珠分选系统分离出人牙髓干细胞,初步验证干细胞分化潜能,为其后续生物学特性研究提供实验基础.     

人牙髓干细胞体外分选分化的初步实验研究

目的体外培养人牙髓细胞,分选牙髓干细胞并诱导其分化。方法选择因正畸目的而拔除的健康完整双尖牙,酶消化法进行牙髓细胞培养,并进行来源鉴定。单抗Stro-1标记牙髓干细胞、免疫磁珠分选系统进行分选。矿化液定向诱导分选后的牙髓干细胞,比较诱导前后stro-1染色及改良Gomori钙钴法染色检测碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的改变。结果体外培养人牙髓细胞呈成纤维细胞样,抗波形丝蛋白染色阳性,抗角蛋白染色阴性。牙髓干细胞Stro-1检测阳性,牙髓细胞中干细胞阳性率约为10％。矿化诱导后细胞stro-1阴性、ALP阳性表达。结论采用免疫磁珠分选系统分离出人牙髓干细胞,初步验证干细胞分化潜能,为其后续生物学特性研究提供实验基础。     

人牙周膜干细胞的体外分离、纯化及初步鉴定

目的:体外分离纯化人牙周膜干细胞,研究其生物学特性及表型特点并进行初步鉴定。方法:采用胶原酶和D ispase酶联合消化法培养人牙周膜干细胞,有限稀释法分离纯化,将克隆形成的细胞通过透射电镜观察其超微结构、流式细胞仪细胞周期分析及免疫组织化学染色技术检测抗波形丝蛋白(V im en-tin)、STRO-1、骨粘素(ON)、骨涎蛋白(BSP)的表达。结果:获得纯化人牙周膜干细胞,在透射电镜下,这种细胞核质比例大,核大,细胞器少;流式细胞仪细胞周期分析大多数细胞处于G0/G1期,为慢周期性;该细胞抗波形丝蛋白、STRO-1表达阳性、骨粘连素、骨桥蛋白弱阳性表达。结论:提供了比较有效的分离纯化牙周膜干细胞的方法。该方法分离的人牙周膜干细胞具有干细胞的超微结构、细胞周期及表型特点。     

骨髓间充质干细胞来源的外泌体促进牙周再生的体外研究

目的    研究人骨髓间充质干细胞（human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hBMMSCs）分泌的外泌体（exosome）对人牙周膜干细胞（human periodontal ligament stem cells, hPDLSCs）增殖和分化功能的影响,为进一步明确hBMMSCs促进牙周组织再生的机制提供实验基础和证据。方法    分别用酶消化法和离心法培养hPDLSCs和hBMMSCs,并用流式细胞术检测其间充质表面标志物。收集培养的第3代hBMMSCs上清液,利用试剂盒提取exosome,电镜下观察其结构,Western Bolt法检测其CD63表达水平。用hBMMSCs分泌的exosome处理hPDLSCs设为实验组,四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测hPDLSCs的增殖情况,克隆形成率检测多克隆形成能力,成骨诱导后碱性磷酸酶（ALP）染色和茜素红染色并定量,同时实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）检测成骨相关基因表达。结果    流式细胞术检测,hPDLSCs阳性表达CD29、CD44、CD90、CD146和Stro-1,hBMMSCs阳性表达CD29、CD44、CD90和 CD106,两者均阴性表达CD14、CD34和CD45。hBMMSCs分泌的exosome电镜下呈小球状,Western Bolt法检测其强表达CD63。实验组hPDLSCs经MTT法检测其增殖速率和克隆形成能力显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）。实验组hPDLSCs成骨诱导后ALP染色、茜素红染色定量表达显著强于对照组（P < 0.05）。qPCR检测成骨基因Runx2、OCN、ALP、BSP和Col-Ⅰ的表达,实验组显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）。结论    hBMMSCs分泌的exosome可促进牙周膜干细胞的体外增殖和成骨分化能力。     

周期性流体静压力对牙周膜干细胞分化的影响

目的观察周期性流体静压力对人牙周膜干细胞(human periodontal ligament stem cells,hPDLSCs)分化的影响。方法酶消化法分离人牙周膜细胞,采用单克隆法分离hPDLSCs。流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志物的表达,结晶紫染色观察hPDLSCs克隆形成。hPDLSCs成骨、成脂诱导分化后采用茜素红、油红O染色,观察hPDLSCs的多向分化能力。利用自主研发的力学加载装置,对PDLSCs加载0~120 kPa的周期性流体静压力7 d,采用Real-time PCR检测hPDLSCs中过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体-γ(PPAR-γ)、抗Runt相关转录因子2(Runx2)、碱性螺旋-环-螺旋转录因子(Scleraxis)及牙骨质蛋白1(CEMP1)的表达量。结果单克隆法分离的hPDLSCs高表达干细胞表面标志物CD90(95.2%)、CD105(95.5%),而低表达CD45(1.3%)、CD34(1.36%)。hPDLSCs具有克隆形成能力,并且成骨、成脂诱导后细胞出现红色钙结节和脂滴。经周期性力学刺激后,hPDLSCs中Scleraxis的表达显著高于对照组,而PPAR-γ、Runx2及CEMP1的表达与对照组相比无显著差异。结论周期性力学刺激可以维持hPDLSCs向牙周膜韧带成纤维细胞分化的潜能。     

颌骨骨髓基质细胞与牙周膜细胞的生物学特性比较

目的:比较颌骨骨髓基质细胞与牙周膜细胞的基本生物学特性。方法:分离颌骨来源骨髓基质细胞和牙周膜细胞,进行改良体外原代培养。倒置显微镜观察细胞生长及克隆形成情况;CCK-8检测细胞生长曲线;免疫荧光染色检测STR0-1表达;成脂诱导后检测脂滴形成,矿化诱导后检测碱性磷酸酶的变化并用RT-PCR检测7、14 d成骨相关基因OCN的表达水平。结果:两种细胞体外培养均呈成纤维样细胞外形,能克隆生长,均具有活跃的增殖能力;两种细胞STR0-1表达阳性;成脂诱导后可见脂滴形成;矿化诱导后骨髓基质细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性较强,而且OCN基因表达较早且较强。结论:颌骨来源骨髓基质细胞具有较强的增殖及成骨分化能力,具有干细胞特性,可能是有较大临床应用潜力的组织工程种子细胞。     

Comparison of the properties of human CD146+ and CD146− periodontal ligament cells in response to stimulation with tumour necrosis factor α

ObjectivesPeriodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) can be used in periodontal regeneration. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) participates in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration. However, whether TNF-α can affect the biological features of PDLSCs is still unclear. The objective of this study was to illustrate the biological effects (proliferation, apoptosis, osteogenesis and migration) of TNF-α on human CD146 positive periodontal ligament cells (CD146+PLDCs) and CD146 negative periodontal ligament cells (CD146?PDLCs).MethodsCD146 ± PDLCs were isolated from human PDLCs and analyzed using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The biological effects of TNF-α on CD146 ± PDLCs were evaluated by CCK-8 assay (proliferation), DAPI staining (apoptosis), alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase activities assay (osteogenesis), and wounding assay and transwell assay (migration).ResultsCD146+PDLCs, which expressed MSC surface markers CD105, CD90, CD73, CD44, and Stro-1, showed higher proliferative and osteogenic potential than CD146?PDLCs. TNF-α at a dose of 2.5 ng/ml was found to enhance both proliferation and osteogenesis in CD146+PDLCs. At 5 ng/ml, TNF-α promoted proliferation, osteogenesis, and apoptosis in CD146+PDLCs and enhanced osteogenesis in CD146?PDLCs. At 10 ng/ml, TNF-α only aggravated apoptosis in CD146+PDLCs. The migratory ability of both CD146+PDLCs and CD146?PDLCs was not altered by TNF-α.ConclusionsCD146+PDLCs were subpopulation of MSC. It showed greater proliferative and osteogenic potential than CD146?PDLCs. At low concentration, TNF-α was beneficial to CD146+PDLCs on proliferation and osteogenesis, and at high concentration it was detrimental. CD146?PDLCs were found to be less sensitive to TNF-α.     

人牙周韧带细胞和牙髓细胞表型特征的比较

目的研究人牙周韧带细胞（PDLCs）和牙髓细胞（DPCs）表型特征以及体外传代对其表型特征的影响,为选择适宜的表面标记分选生物性状同源性的细胞亚群提供依据。方法采用酶消化法体外培养PDLCs和DPCs,免疫组化检测和流式细胞仪分析细胞表面标记的表达。结果PDLCs和DPCs的STRO-1和CD146免疫组化染色阳性。流式细胞仪分析显示：获得的第1代PDLCs和DPCs表达间充质干细胞表面标记STRO-1、CD146、CD29、CD44和CD106,基本不表达CD34。PDLCs的STRO-1、CD29和CD44阳性表达百分比与DPCs间的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,PDLCs的CD106阳性表达百分比高于DPCs,CD146阳性表达百分比低于DPCs,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。PDLCs和DPCs表达STRO-1和CD146的阳性表达百分比随传代而逐渐减低。结论PDLCs表面抗原表达与DPCs相似,而且其中成体干细胞的成分随传代逐渐减少。     

改良法分离培养人牙周膜干细胞

目的 改良法体外分离培养人牙周膜干细胞(PDLSC),并进行鉴定.方法采用酶消化组织块法获得人牙周膜细胞,通过有限稀释法克隆化培养、分离得到PDLSC,用含10%FBS的α-MEM培养液培养并传代:测定克隆形成率:免疫组织化学检测角蛋白及波形蛋白表达:流式细胞术分析细胞周期及表面标志物STRO-1、CD146的表达;并...     

几种胚胎干细胞标志在牙周膜细胞中的表达及意义

目的检测部分胚胎干细胞标志在牙周膜细胞中的表达。方法通过酶解组织块法分离牙周膜细胞,利用多向分化实验和流式细胞术分析表面标志对获得细胞进行鉴定。利用免疫荧光法和RT-PCR法检测牙周膜细胞中Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、SSEA-4、TRA-1-60、TRA-1-81这些胚胎干细胞标志的表达。结果牙周膜细胞为成纤维细胞样,可分化为成骨细胞和成软骨细胞,可均一表达间充质细胞标志CD44、CD90、CD105,异质性表达间充质标志CD146、Stro-1。细胞免疫荧光实验显示牙周膜细胞表达部分胚胎干细胞标志:Oct4、Nanog、SSEA-4、TRA-1-60阳性,Sox2、TRA-1-81阴性。半定量RTPCR结果显示P3和P8代牙周膜细胞表达Oct4和Nanog,表达量差异不大,Sox2则为阴性。结论牙周膜细胞除了表达常用间充质干细胞标志外,也可表达部分胚胎干细胞标志,这对牙周膜细胞的鉴定和进一步分选纯化有一定应用价值。     

BMP-2、bFGF和Dex联合应用对犬牙牙周膜细胞成骨分化能力的影响

目的:观察骨形成蛋白(BMP-2)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)和地塞米松(Dex)联合应用对犬牙周膜细胞(PDLCs)成骨分化能力的影响。方法:将第4代犬PDLCs分为5组:bFGF+Dex、BMP-2+bFGF、BMP-2+Dex、BMP-2+bFGF+Dex、对照组。检测各组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,并应用RT-PCR检测各组PDLCs成骨关键基因OPN、COL-1的表达。结果:第7、14 d,各组ALP表达均较空白组显著增强(P<0.05),其中200μg/L BMP-2+10μg/LbFGF+10-8mol/L Dex诱导组犬PDLCs的ALP活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。RT-PCR显示,200μg/L BMP-2+10μg/L bFGF+10-8mol/L Dex诱导组OPN、COL-1基因表达最为显著。结论:3种诱导因子两两结合均能增强犬PDLCs成骨能力,但在最佳浓度下3种因子联合应用诱导能力最强(P<0.05)。     

Comparative Effects of Concentrated Growth Factors on the Biological Characteristics of Periodontal Ligament Cells and Stem Cells from Apical Papilla

IntroductionDuring cell-free regenerative endodontic therapy, both stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) are possible cell sources because of their proximity. Nonetheless, the regenerative ability of PDLCs and SCAPs under the induction of concentrated growth factors (CGFs) remains unclear.MethodsPDLCs and SCAPs were treated with various concentrations of CGF-conditioned medium (CCM). The effects of CCM with or without Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cell migration, odonto/osteogenic differentiation, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines were assessed. Dentin matrix transplants composed of PDLCs or SCAPs cell sheets coupled with CGF were put subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice for 8 weeks to explore their regenerative characteristics in vivo.ResultsCCM dose dependently enhanced the migration, proliferation, and odonto/osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs and SCAPs. CCM alleviated LPS-inhibited odonto/osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs and SCAPs as well as the LPS-induced up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, the newly regenerated tissue and microvessels formed by PDLCs and SCAPs were significantly increased under the induction of CGF. SCAPs mainly regenerated pulp/dentinlike tissues and a large number of microvessels, whereas PDLCs mainly formed bone/cementumlike structures.ConclusionsOverall, PDLCs excelled in cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation, whereas SCAPs outperformed PDLCs in terms of angiogenic and odontogenic differentiation. The biological differences between PDLCs and SCAPs provided a possible theoretical basis for the formation of bone/cementum/periodontal ligament–like tissues after cell-free regenerative endodontic therapy.     

Putative stem cells in regenerating human periodontium

Background and Objective:  Human postnatal stem cells have been identified in periodontal ligament, with the potential to regenerate the periodontium in vivo . However, it is unclear if periodontal ligament stem cells are present in regenerating periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to identify and localize putative stem cells in block biopsies and explant cultures of regenerating human periodontal tissues.
Material and Methods:  Guided tissue regeneration was carried out on the molars of three human volunteers. After 6 wk, the teeth with the surrounding regenerating tissues and bone were surgically removed and processed for immunohistochemistry. The mesenchymal stem cell-associated markers STRO-1, CD146 and CD44 were used to identify putative stem cells. Cell cultures established from regenerating tissue explants were analysed by flow cytometry to assess the expression of these markers. Mineralization, calcium concentration and adipogenic potential of regenerating tissue cells were assessed and compared with periodontal ligament stem cells, bone marrow stromal stem cells and gingival fibroblasts.
Results:  STRO-1⁺, CD44⁺ and CD146⁺ cells were identified in the regenerating tissues. They were found mainly in the paravascular and extravascular regions. Flow cytometry revealed that cultured regenerating tissue cells expressed all three mesenchymal stem cell associated markers. The regenerating tissue cells were able to form mineral deposits and lipid-containing adipocytes. However, the level of mineralization in these cells was lower than that of periodontal ligament stem cells and bone marrow stromal stem cells.
Conclusion:  Cells with characteristics of putative mesenchymal stem cells were found in regenerating periodontal tissues, implying their involvement in periodontal regeneration.