锰对神经细胞内质网应激信号分子的影响

目的 观察锰对大鼠脑片神经细胞内质网应激信号分子的影响及其与细胞凋亡的关系. 方法 以胎大鼠脑片为模型,用400μmo/L锰分别处理脑片612、18、24 h后,检测培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的释放量,神经细胞凋亡率以及脑片中GRP78、CHOP及caspase 12的表达. 结果 随着锰处理时间的增加,脑片细胞损伤明显,LDH释放量,细胞凋亡率和GRP78、CHOP及caspase 12的表达均逐渐上升. 结论 锰可以时间依赖性地活化内质网应激信号分子,促使细胞凋亡.     

锰致神经细胞损伤中诱导型一氧化氮合酶及其基因的变化

[目的]观察不同浓度锰对大鼠脑片神经细胞的损伤情况,探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)在锰诱导神经细胞损伤中的变化. [方法]培养出生后4～7 d大鼠脑片,培养液为50％高糖杜尔伯科改良伊格尔培养基,25％Hank平衡盐溶液,24％热灭活马血清,1％青霉素和链霉素.待第15天脑片神经细胞生长状态最佳时加入0、25、100、400 μmol/L MnC12.培养24h后,测定培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,脑片细胞悬液中细胞凋亡率、一氧化氮生成量和iNOS活性,mRNA和蛋白表达水平. [结果]不同浓度锰处理脑片24h后,脑组织切片神经细胞发生明显损伤.随着锰处理浓度升高,LDH活性升高,100和400 μmol/L锰处理组是对照组的1.71、2.76倍.细胞凋亡率和一氧化氮生成量升高增加,25、100和400 μmol/L锰处理组分别是对照组的3.31、4.50和6.97倍和1.98、2.79和4.02倍.iNOS活性增强,100和400 μmol/L锰处理组分别是对照组的2.12和2.64倍.iNOS mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显升高,25、100和400 μmol/L锰处理组iNOS mRNA表达水平是对照组的1.27、1.43和1.86倍.100和400 μmol/L锰处理组iNOS蛋白表达水平分别是对照组的4.17和5.50倍. [结论]锰可致大鼠脑片神经细胞一氧化氮生成量和iNOS表达升高,进一步导致细胞凋亡率增加.     

姜黄素对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌内质网应激相关因子葡萄糖调节蛋白78、caspase-12表达的影响

目的探讨姜黄素对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌内质网应激相关因子葡萄糖调节蛋白(glucose regulated protein 78 kD,GRP78)、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-12,caspase-12)表达的影响。方法采用高脂饲料喂养大鼠4周,并一次性腹腔注射35 mg/kg链脲佐菌素建立2型糖尿病模型。造模成功大鼠随机分为模型对照组,姜黄素200、400 mg/kg剂量组和卡托普利(60 mg/kg)组,给药组连续灌胃给药12周。测定各组大鼠空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、血清中乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平及心重指数、心电图;HE染色观察心肌病理变化;Masson染色观察心肌胶原纤维表达水平;免疫组化法检测心肌组织GRP78与caspase-12蛋白的表达。结果与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清FBG、LDH水平升高,心重指数增大,形态学观察发现心肌细胞肥大、细胞间胶原纤维增多,心肌组织中GRP78、caspase-12蛋白表达增加(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,姜黄素400 mg/kg组大鼠FBG、LDH水平降低,心重指数降低,细胞间胶原纤维明显减少,心肌组织中GRP-78、caspase-12蛋白表达减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论姜黄素对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌组织具有保护作用,其机制可能与降低血糖,并减少GRP78、caspase-12蛋白表达,阻断内质网应激启动的相关凋亡有关。     

CHOP通路在邻苯二甲酸单丁酯和邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基)己酯联合暴露致小鼠睾丸间质细胞凋亡中的作用

目的探讨邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(monobutyl phthalate,MBP)和邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基)己酯[mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,MEHP]染毒致体外培养的小鼠睾丸间质细胞(TM-3)凋亡过程中CHOP通路的作用。方法将小鼠睾丸间质细胞分别暴露于0(对照)、50、100、200、400、800μmol/L的MBP和(或)MEHP溶液24、36、48 h后,采用CCK-8法测定细胞活性。将小鼠睾丸间质细胞分别暴露于完全培养基(对照)、MBP(400μmol/L)、MEHP(400μmol/L)和MEHP(400μmol/L)+MBP(400μmol/L)溶液24 h后,电镜下观察小鼠睾丸间质细胞内质网超微结构的变化。将小鼠睾丸间质细胞分别暴露于完全培养基(对照)及200、400、800μmol/L MBP和(或)MEHP溶液24 h,流式细胞术检测细胞早期凋亡情况,免疫印迹法检测内质网应激标志性蛋白葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)和CHOP的表达水平。结果与对照组相比,各浓度MBP染毒组小鼠睾丸间质细胞的抑制率均较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且随着MBP染毒浓度的升高,小鼠睾丸间质细胞的抑制率呈上升趋势。随着MBP染毒时间的延长,小鼠睾丸间质细胞的抑制率除100μmol/L组呈上升趋势外,其余浓度组均呈先上升后下降的趋势。与对照组相比,各浓度MEHP染毒组小鼠睾丸间质细胞的抑制率均较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且随着MEHP染毒浓度的升高,小鼠睾丸间质细胞的抑制率呈上升趋势。随着MEHP染毒时间的延长,小鼠睾丸间质细胞的抑制率在50μmol/L组呈上升趋势,在100μmol/L组呈先下降后上升的趋势,在400μmol/L组呈下降趋势,200μmol/L和800μmol/L组抑制率呈先上升后下降的趋势。与对照组相比,各浓度MBP+MEHP染毒组小鼠睾丸间质细胞的抑制率均较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且随着MBP+MEHP染毒浓度的升高,小鼠睾丸间质细胞的抑制率呈现上升趋势。随着MBP+MEHP染毒时间的延长,小鼠睾丸间质细胞的抑制率除200、400μmol/L组呈现逐渐上升趋势外,其余浓度组均呈先上升后下降的趋势。与对照组相比,各浓度MBP和(MEHP)染毒组TM-3细胞的早期凋亡细胞比例均较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且随着染毒浓度的升高,MBP、MEHP和MBP+MEHP染毒小鼠睾丸间质细胞的早期凋亡细胞比例均呈现上升趋势。在同一染毒浓度下,睾丸间质细胞早期凋亡比例依次为MBP+MEHPMBPMEHP,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,各浓度MBP和(或)MEHP染毒组小鼠睾丸间质细胞内GRP78和CHOP蛋白的表达水平均增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且随着染毒浓度的升高,MBP和(或)MEHP染毒小鼠睾丸间质细胞内GRP78和CHOP蛋白的表达水平均呈逐渐上升的趋势。结论 MBP和(或)MEHP染毒可致内质网损伤,上调GRP78蛋白和CHOP蛋白的表达,这可能是MBP和(或)MEHP引起小鼠睾丸间质细胞凋亡的重要途径。     

双酚A对大鼠睾丸支持细胞P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3表达的影响

目的 研究双酚A (bisphenol A,BPA)对离体培养青春前期大鼠睾丸支持细胞P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)及相关凋亡基因表达的影响.方法 将睾丸支持细胞分别暴露于0(溶剂对照)、30、50、70 μmol/L的BPA.采用MTT法检测离体培养细胞活力,采用RT-PCR的方法检测p38 MAPK、caspase-3、FasL、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α) mRNA的相对表达情况,采用western-blotting的方法检测细胞中P38 MAPK、磷酸化P38 MAPK和caspase-3酶原蛋白的表达情况.结果 与溶剂对照组相比,30 μmol/L BPA组支持细胞p38 MAPK mRNA的相对表达量升高,而50 μmol/L BPA组p38 MAPK的表达明显降低(P＜0.05);各浓度BPA染毒组caspase-3mRNA的相对表达量均较高(P＜0.05);仅50 μmol/L BPA组TNF-α mRNA的相对表达量增加(P＜0.05);50、70 μmol/LBPA组FasL mRNA的相对表达量增加(P＜0.05);各剂量BPA染毒组总P38MAPK蛋白的相对表达量无显著变化;50和70 μmol/LBPA组磷酸化P38 MAPK蛋白的相对表达量均明显升高(P＜0.05);仅70 μmol/L BPA组caspase-3酶原蛋白的相对表达量下降(P＜0.05).结论 BPA可激活离体培养青春前期大鼠睾丸支持细胞p38 MAPK,并诱发caspase-3活化,导致细胞凋亡,这可能是通过FasL凋亡途径介导的.     

MK-801对锰致神经元损伤的保护作用

[目的]研究不同浓度锰对原代培养神经元的损伤情况,同时用MK-801预处理,观察其对锰致神经元损伤的保护作用。[方法]选用原代培养神经元为模型,待细胞生长至最佳状态时,予以分组处理。染锰组为含不同浓度氯化锰25、100、400μmol/L的培养液,MK-801预处理组,用10μmol/LMK-801预处理30min后,再用400μmol/L氯化锰处理神经元,对照组为正常培养液,通过检测细胞活力、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量以及用TUNEL技术检测细胞凋亡的方法,评价MK-801对锰致神经元损伤的保护作用。[结果]用不同剂量锰处理神经元6～48h发现,神经元胞体固缩,突起断裂,网络消失。细胞活力和LDH释放量在同一染毒时间,随锰浓度升高细胞活力逐渐降低,LDH释放量逐渐升高;在同一锰浓度处理神经元,随着时间的延长细胞活力逐渐降低,LDH释放量逐渐升高。随锰浓度的升高,神经元细胞凋亡率和积分光密度均逐渐上升。用MK-801预处理30min后,400μmol/L锰处理神经元发现,与单纯用400μmol/L锰处理比较,细胞活力回升,LDH释放量降低,细胞凋亡率和积分光密度均有所下降。[结论]锰可以剂量依赖性和时间依赖性的对神经元造成损伤,促使细胞凋亡;MK-801可以在一定程度上有效地保护神经元。     

乌司他丁对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后大脑皮质内质网应激相关分子表达的影响

目的观察乌司他丁对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后大脑皮质内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)相关分子表达的影响。方法健康SD大鼠90只,随机分为3组,假手术组(S组,n=30),脑缺血再灌注组(I/R组,n=30),乌司他丁处理组(U组,n=30)。采用线栓法制备大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,缺血2 h,再灌注24 h。HE染色观察大鼠脑组织病理改变,神经功能缺陷评分评价脑损伤程度,2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法检测脑梗死体积,末端标记法(TUNEL)法检测细胞凋亡;采用western blot法检测缺血侧大脑皮层GRP78、CHOP、caspase-12蛋白表达情况。结果与S组比较,I/R组和U组大鼠脑缺血再灌注后的神经功能学评分(NDS)升高(P<0.05),脑梗死体积增大(P<0.05),细胞凋亡数明显增加(P<0.05),I/R组和U组再灌注24h缺血侧大脑皮质GRP78、CHOP和caspase-12蛋白均表达上调(P<0.05);与I/R组比较,U组大鼠脑缺血再灌注后的神经功能缺损明显改善(P<0.05),脑梗死体积减少(P<0.05),细胞凋亡数明显减少(P<0.05);U组缺血侧大脑皮质GRP78表达上调幅度明显大于I/R组、CHOP和caspase-12蛋白表达上调幅度明显小于I/R组(P<0.05)。结论乌司他丁可明显减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤,其机制可能与增加GRP78蛋白表达、拮抗CHOP和caspase-12蛋白表达,阻断内质网应激(ERS)启动的凋亡通路有关。     

微囊藻毒素-LR急性呼吸道暴露对小鼠生殖细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制

目的探讨微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)急性呼吸道暴露对小鼠生殖细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法将30只健康8周龄SPF级ICR雄性小鼠按体重随机分为3组,分别为对照组和10、25μg/kg MC-LR组,每组10只。采取暴露式气管滴注法进行急性暴露36 h。检测小鼠睾丸组织凋亡情况以及睾丸组织内质网应激相关蛋白和凋亡相关蛋白的表达。结果与对照组相比,各剂量MC-LR组小鼠睾丸组织阳性小管发生率和每管凋亡细胞数均较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);且随着MC-LR浓度的升高,阳性小管发生率和每管凋亡细胞数均呈上升趋势(P0.01)。与对照组相比,各剂量MC-LR组小鼠睾丸组织中caspase-3、caspase-12、CHOP蛋白及25μg/kg MC-LR组小鼠睾丸组织中GRP78蛋白的表达水平均升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而各剂量MC-LR组小鼠睾丸组织中caspase-9、IER1、PERK蛋白的表达水平均无明显改变。随着MC-LR染毒剂量的升高,小鼠睾丸组织中caspase-3、caspase-12、CHOP蛋白的表达水平均呈上升趋势。结论呼吸道急性暴露MC-LR可能通过内质网应激途径诱导小鼠睾丸生殖细胞凋亡,从而介导小鼠睾丸损伤。     

美满霉素对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠认知功能的影响研究

目的 观察美满霉素对阿尔茨海默病模型（AD）大鼠认知功能和前额叶皮质葡萄糖调节蛋白（Glucose - Regulatedprotein 78,GRP78）和C/EBP同源蛋白( C/EBPhomologousprotein,CHOP）的表达的影响,探讨美满霉素对AD大鼠脑保护作用的机制。方法 侧脑室注射Aβ25-35建立AD大鼠模型。健康雄性 SD 大鼠随机分成对照组、模型组和美满霉素(50 mg/kg)治疗组。Morris水迷宫和跳台仪检测认知行为学改变,免疫荧光组织化学法和Western blotting法检测前额叶皮质GRP78与CHOP蛋白的表达,TUNEL法检测前额叶皮质神经细胞凋亡。结果 行为学检测结果显示,美满霉素可以明显改善侧脑室注射Aβ25-35导致的大鼠学习记忆障碍,提高认知功能;免疫荧光组织化学法和Western blotting法检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组大鼠前额叶皮质GRP78与CHOP表达均上调（P＜ 0.01）,与模型组比较,美满霉素治疗组大鼠前额叶皮质GRP78与CHOP表达明显减少（P＜ 0.01）;TUNEL法检测结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组大鼠前额叶皮质神经细胞凋亡数量显著增高（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,美满霉素治疗组前额叶皮质凋亡细胞明显减少,但高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 美满美素可能通过降低AD大鼠脑组织GRP78与CHOP的表达,抑制内质网应激,减少神经细胞凋亡,改善AD大鼠认知功能,发挥脑保护作用。     

IRE1通路在高碘诱导甲状腺细胞凋亡中的作用

目的 观察IRE1通路在高碘诱导甲状腺细胞凋亡中的特征,进一步分析高碘诱导甲状腺细胞凋亡的作用机制.方法 用0(对照)、1、10、50 mmol/L的碘化钾(KI)染毒体外培养的Nthy-ori 3-1细胞,24h后采用流式细胞术检测Nthy-ori 3-1细胞凋亡率,用荧光定量PCR及Western blot检测葡萄糖调节蛋白78 (GRP78)、肌醇需求酶-1(IRE1)、CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)基因蛋白的表达水平.结果 与0(对照)、l、10 mmol/L KI染毒组相比,50 mmol/L KI染毒组细胞凋亡率升高(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,各染毒组GRP78、IRE1 mRNA表达水平均无统计学差异(P＞0.05),CHOP mRNA表达水平升高(P＜0.05),GRP78、IRE1和CHOP蛋白表达差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 内质网应激中IRE1通路可能没有参与高碘诱导的Nthy-ori 3-1细胞凋亡过程.     

Effect of proteins from beef, pork, and turkey meat on plasma and liver lipids of rats compared with casein and soy protein

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effect of dietary proteins isolated from beef, pork, and turkey meat on concentrations of cholesterol and triacylglycerols in plasma, lipoproteins, and liver and the composition of the microsomal membrane (fatty acids, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio) compared with that of casein and soy protein in rats. METHODS: Five groups of 12 rats each were fed semisynthetic diets for 20 d that contained 200 g/kg of proteins isolated from beef, pork, or turkey meat or, as controls, casein or soy protein. RESULTS: Rats fed beef, pork, or turkey proteins did not differ in cholesterol concentrations of plasma, lipoproteins, and liver and in composition of microsomal membrane from rats fed the casein diet. All groups fed a protein from an animal source had higher very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and liver cholesterol concentrations than did rats fed soy protein. However, rats fed pork protein had lower concentrations of triacylglycerols in liver, plasma, and VLDL and lower mRNA concentrations of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase than did rats fed casein. However, concentrations of plasma and VLDL triacylglycerols in rats fed pork protein were not as low as those observed in rats fed soy protein. CONCLUSION: Proteins isolated from beef, pork, or turkey meat do not differ from casein in their effects on cholesterol metabolism. Pork protein decreases plasma triacylglycerol concentrations compared with casein but not compared with soy protein. The triacylglycerol-lowering effect of pork protein compared with casein is suggested to be caused by decreased hepatic fatty acid synthesis.     

Plant Proteins: Assessing Their Nutritional Quality and Effects on Health and Physical Function

Consumer demand for plant protein-based products is high and expected to grow considerably in the next decade. Factors contributing to the rise in popularity of plant proteins include: (1) potential health benefits associated with increased intake of plant-based diets; (2) consumer concerns regarding adverse health effects of consuming diets high in animal protein (e.g., increased saturated fat); (3) increased consumer recognition of the need to improve the environmental sustainability of food production; (4) ethical issues regarding the treatment of animals; and (5) general consumer view of protein as a “positive” nutrient (more is better). While there are health and physical function benefits of diets higher in plant-based protein, the nutritional quality of plant proteins may be inferior in some respects relative to animal proteins. This review highlights the nutritional quality of plant proteins and strategies for wisely using them to meet amino acid requirements. In addition, a summary of studies evaluating the potential benefits of plant proteins for both health and physical function is provided. Finally, potential safety issues associated with increased intake of plant proteins are addressed.     

Fhit蛋白和PCNA蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨肺癌组织中Fhit蛋白和PCNA蛋白表达及其与临床病理因素之间的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学SP法检测80例肺癌组织中Fhit蛋白和PCNA蛋白表达。结果肺癌组织中Fhit蛋白和PCNA蛋白阳性率分别为57.5%和46.3%,PCNA蛋白阳性肺癌Fhit蛋白阳性率明显低于PCNA蛋白阴性肺癌(P<0.05);二者的表达与肺癌的分化程度、淋巴结转移均密切相关。结论Fhit蛋白和PCNA蛋白的异常表达与肺癌发生发展密切相关,二者相互抑制。     

锌铁调控蛋白ZIP的结构和功能

锌铁调控蛋白ZIP隶属金属离子转运体超家族 ,其基因家族成员首先在植物中被发现 ,随后在多种动植物水平被克隆。ZIP转运体可转运众多阳离子 ,包括Ca2 + ,Fe2 + ,Mn2 + 及Zn2 + 等。了解ZIP转运体在动植物中如何发挥离子转运功能 ,对从分子水平认识金属离子缺乏或蓄积的机理有着重要的理论意义和广泛的应用价值。本文就最近在拟南芥Arabidopsis中发现的一个新的金属离子转运体家族 -锌铁调控蛋白ZIP家族的结构及其成员的功能进行综述     

胃癌组织中P16、Cyclin D1、Rb表达及其生物学行为的研究

目的研究P16、Cyclin、D1Rb基因在胃癌中的表达及其与胃癌生物学行为的关系.方法采用免疫组化方法检测10例正常胃黏膜、30例胃癌组织中P16、Cyclin D1、Rb蛋白的表达,并结合其临床资料进行分析.结果P16、Cyclin D1、Rb蛋白阳性表达,正常胃粘膜分别为90%、10%、90%;胃癌分别为36.67%、53.33%、50%,胃癌纽与正常对照组间差异均有显著性(P＜0.05),P16、Cyclin D1蛋白与胃癌分化程度、淋巴结转移与否、远处转移与否呈一定的相关性.结论P16、Cyclin D1、Rb基因与胃癌发生有关,P16、Cyclinp蛋白检测有助于胃癌预后的判断.     

PTEN、STAT3和CyclinD1蛋白在宫颈癌中的表达及意义

目的:检测PTEN、STAT3和CyclinD1蛋白在宫颈癌组织中的表达。方法:收集2009年1月～2011年1月经手术治疗的宫颈癌手术切除标本85例,所选病例按照TNM分期分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期,另取因子宫肌瘤而行子宫切除的正常宫颈上皮组织作为对照组;免疫组化法检测宫颈组织中PTEN、STAT3和CyclinD1蛋白的表达。结果:PTEN蛋白在宫颈癌组织中的阳性率为42.4%,明显低于正常对照组的95.0%(P<0.01);而STAT3和CyclinD1蛋白在癌组织中的阳性率分别为71.8%和83.5%,明显高于正常宫颈组织的15.0%和25.0%(P<0.01)。在3个临床分期中,PTEN、STAT3和CyclinD1蛋白的表达率均存在统计学差异(P<0.01),PTEN蛋白的表达量会随着临床分期的增加而减少,但STAT3和CyclinD1蛋白随着临床分期的增加其表达率也相应升高。结论:PTEN蛋白的表达降低和STAT3、CyclinD1蛋白的表达增加在宫颈癌的发生发展中起到一定的作用,可以用于肿瘤良、恶性的鉴别诊断、病理分级以及预后判断等方面。     

A potent malaria vaccine based on adenovirus with dual modifications at Hexon and pVII

Adenovirus (Ad) is thought to be one of the most promising platforms for a malaria vaccine targeted against its liver stages, because of its ability to induce a strong T-cell response against a transgene. However, a further improvement of this platform is needed in order to elicit another arm of the immunity, i.e. humoral response, against malaria.In order to augment immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Ad-based malaria vaccine, we inserted B-cell, as well as CD4+ T-cell, epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) into the capsid protein, Hexon, and the core protein, VII (pVII), of Ad, respectively, in addition to the PfCSP transgene. Insertion of PfCSP-derived B cell epitope to Hexon significantly enhanced the epitope-specific antibody response compared to AdPfCSP, an Ad vaccine expressing only PfCSP transgene. PfCSP-derived CD4+ T-cell epitope insertion into pVII augmented not only PfCSP-specific CD4+ T-cell response but also anti-PfCSP antibody response. Finally, mice immunized with AdPfCSP having both Hexon and pVII modifications were more protected than AdPfCSP or Hexon-modified AdPfCSP against challenge with transgenic rodent malaria parasites expressing the PfCSP.Overall, this study has demonstrated that Hexon and pVII-modified AdPfCSP vaccine is a promising malaria vaccine which induces strong PfCSP-specific humoral, CD4+ T-cell, and CD8+ T-cell responses and protects against infection with transgenic malaria parasites expressing the PfCSP.     

Association between Protein Intake and the Risk of Hypertension among Chinese Men and Women: A Longitudinal Study

This study aimed to examine the relationship between hypertension risk and protein intake in Chinese individuals. Our analysis included 7007 men and 7752 women from 9 China Health and Nutrition Survey waves (1991–2015). The main outcome was incident hypertension. Dietary intake was recorded using a combination of 3 consecutive 24-h recalls and a household food inventory survey. Energy-adjusted cumulative average intakes were analyzed, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were built. After 143,035 person-years of follow-up, 2586 and 2376 new male and female hypertension cases were identified, respectively. In multivariate-adjusted models with dietary protein intakes included as categorical variables, higher animal protein intake was associated with lower hypertension risk in women (p-trend = 0.01), whereas non-significant in men. Plant protein intake showed a significant positive correlation with hypertension risk, while non-significant for total protein. On a continuous scale, restricted cubic spline curves visually revealed L-, J-, and U-shaped associations between hypertension risk and animal-, plant-, and total-protein intakes, respectively, in both sexes (all p-nonlinearity < 0.0001). Our results suggest a beneficial association between intakes of animal, plant, and total proteins and hypertension risk at lower intake levels, and excessive intake of plant or total protein may increase the hypertension risk in the Chinese population.     

Amount Rather than Animal vs Plant Protein Intake Is Associated with Skeletal Muscle Mass in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: Results from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study

BackgroundCurrent literature does not indicate if the amount and animal vs plant protein are equally important in the prevention of muscle loss in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to examine the associations between amount or animal vs plant protein and skeletal muscle mass in Chinese adults aged 40 to 80 years.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of a prospective, community-based cohort was performed.Participants/settingParticipants included 1,044 men and 2,169 women aged 40 to 80 years from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study 2011-2013 with body composition measurements by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Main outcome measureThe skeletal muscle index (SMI) was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body weight. Participants in the lowest quartile of the sex-specific SMI were considered to have low muscle mass (LMM).Statistical analysisAnalyses of covariance were performed to estimate the SMI across quintiles of relative dietary intake of total, animal, and plant protein and the ratio of animal-to-plant protein. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the associations between quintiles of protein intake and LMM.ResultsThe SMI increased significantly across quintiles of relative dietary intake of total, animal, and plant protein (all P trends<0.001). Odds ratios (95% CIs) for LMM among participants in the highest (vs lowest) quintile were 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) for total protein, 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) for animal protein, and 0.4 (0.3, 0.7) for plant protein, respectively (all P trends<0.001). However, the ratio of animal-to-plant protein was not associated with either the SMI or the presence of LMM.ConclusionHigher dietary intakes of total, animal, and plant protein, regardless of the ratio of animal-to-plant protein, are associated with greater skeletal muscle mass in community-dwelling middle-aged and older Chinese adults with a mean protein intake above the current recommendation for protein of 0.8 g/kg per day.     

FoxM1、Cep55蛋白在基底细胞样型乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨FoxM1和Cep55蛋白在基底细胞样型乳腺癌(BLBC)中的表达及临床意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学方法检测66例BLBC及其癌旁正常乳腺组织、70例非BLBC组织中FoxM1和Cep55蛋白的表达情况及二者间的关系.结果 BLBC、非BLBC及癌旁正常乳腺组织中FoxM1蛋白阳性表达率分别为77.3％(51/66)、60.0％(42/70)和13.6％(9/66),Cep55蛋白阳性表达率分别为74.2％(49/66)、57.1％(40/70)和16.7％(11/66),BLBC和非BLBC组织均明显高于癌旁正常乳腺组织,BLBC组织明显高于非BLBC组织,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).BLBC组织中FoxM1和Cep55蛋白阳性表达与腋窝淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而与年龄、绝经情况、肿瘤大小无关,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Spearman相关分析结果显示,BLBC组织中FoxM1蛋白与Cep55蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.259,P＜0.05).结论 FoxM1和Cep55蛋白可能参与了BLBC的发生、发展,并且FoxM1和Cep55蛋白可能有一定的协同作用.