经导管血栓吸出术在处理急性心肌梗死冠脉内血栓中的应用

目的　本文介绍一种急性心肌梗死行急诊经皮血运重建术 (PCI)过程中处理冠脉内血栓的简单方法 ,并观察其近期临床疗效。方法　因急性心肌梗死入院 ,急诊冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉近段病变及冠脉内血栓者。常规PTCA方法选择 7F指引导管 ,普通 0 0 14″冠脉导丝通过病变后 ,经导丝直接送入PercuSurge吸引导管至病变部位 ,反复抽吸至血栓消失 ,梗死部位恢复前向血流。然后直接置入冠脉内支架。造影观察病变扩张结果及梗死相关血管血流和心肌灌注情况。并随访住院期间心血管事件及心功能。结果　 12例急性心梗造影显示冠脉内大量血栓者接受了上述治疗。血栓吸引后即刻血栓影消失者 8例 ,血栓明显减少 4例。 8例完全闭塞者中经血栓吸引后 7例血管直接开通 ,前向血流明显改善。支架术后前向血流TIMI 3级和TMP 3级者 9例。 3例血流稍减慢 ,TMP 2级。住院期间无心绞痛、再梗及死亡等事件发生。出院前平均LVEF为 (6 4 1± 9 3) %。结论　经导管直接血栓吸出术是处理冠脉内血栓的一种简单有效的方法。     

经导管血栓吸出术在急性心肌梗死中的应用(附9例报道)

目的 冠脉内血栓是影响急性心肌梗死介入治疗效果的重要因素。本文介绍一种急性心肌梗死后经导管血栓吸出术的方法和疗效。方法 因急性心肌梗死入院，急诊冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉近段病变及冠脉内血栓者。常规PTCA方法选择7F指引导管，导丝通过病变后，经导丝直接送入PercuSurg吸引导管至病变部位，反复抽吸至血栓消失，梗死部位恢复前向血流。然后直接置入冠脉内支架。造影观察病变扩张结果及梗死相关血管血流和心肌灌注情况。并随访住院期间心血管事件及心功能。结果 9例急性心梗造影显示冠脉内大量血栓者接受了上述治疗。8例吸引导管直接通过病变，1例使用了球囊预扩张。血栓吸引后即刻血栓影消失8例，血栓明显减少1例。支架术后残余狭窄均消失，前向血流完全正常者7例，2例血流稍减慢。梗死部位心肌组织的再灌注达TMP3级者7例．TMP2级2例。住院期间无心绞痛、再梗及死亡等事件发生。无心力衰竭发生，出院前超声心动图测定LVEF46％～72％。结论 经导管直接血栓吸出术可能是处理冠脉内血栓的一种简单有效的方法。     

血栓抽吸术改善急性心肌梗死心肌再灌注的临床研究

目的探讨冠状动脉内血栓抽吸并联合球囊成型及支架置入术治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）对梗死心肌再灌注的影响。方法进行急诊PCI的AMI患者共156例,对其中78例进行冠状动脉内血栓抽吸,然后进行球囊扩张及支架置入治疗。术后造影观察冠状动脉扩张效果及梗死相关血管血流及心肌灌注、心电图STR情况。结果抽吸血栓组与同期入选未抽吸组相比,TIMI血流3级分别为89％和78％;TMP灌注3级分别为88％和45％,STR〉50％者分别为68％和50％。结论经导管进行冠状动脉内血栓抽吸是治疗急性心肌梗死简单有效的方法,并可提高经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的成功率,减少无再流等并发症的发生。     

低频高能超声消融血栓的疗效分析

目的:评价低频高能超声对体外全血细胞血栓及急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者冠脉内血栓的消融效果及其安全性。方法:应用ACOLYSIS SYSTEMTM超声溶栓仪对20块全血细胞血栓及13例AMI患者冠脉内血栓行超声消融,观察超声对体外血栓的消融效果及AMI患者梗死相关血管(IRA)的TIMI血流、血栓影像改变,检测体外血栓消融后碎块大小及AMI患者消融手术前后CK-MB、心电图ST段及临床症状的改变。结果:释放超声能量(40kHz,18W/cm2)15秒内(11.5±2.25秒)20块血栓肉眼观察完全溶解,溶解速度为0.138±0.018g/s,碎片直径为6.84±2.94μm,90％的碎片直径小于红细胞直径。13倒AMI患者均有一支有大量血栓的IRA,超声消融术终重复造影IRA内未再见有血栓影像.IRA均达TIMI3级,开通率为100%(13/13),残余狭窄为(45.97±11.65%)%;消融成功后10分钟内13例患者胸痛消失、抬高的ST段均明显下降(100%),CK-MB峰值时间明显提前。住院期间无死亡,心源性休克、复发严重心肌缺血、再梗死等严重并发症。结论:超声能有效地消融体内及体外新鲜血栓,开放IRA,恢复TIMI3级血流,可能是治疗AMI,快速重建冠脉血运的又一新方法。     

直接冠状动脉内支架置入术治疗急性心肌梗死

目的观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)时行无球囊预扩张直接置入冠状动脉内支架治疗的临床效果.方法对22例AMI患者在发病12小时内,未经球囊预扩张而直接置入冠状动脉内支架.梗死相关血管(IRA)(共22支血管),左前降支12例(54.5%),左回旋支5例(22.7%),右冠状动脉5例(22.7%).心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流1级5例(22.7%),2级13例(59.1%),3级4例(18.2%).结果 22例患者共置入22个支架,支架置入后 TIMI血流3级21例(95.5%),2级1例(4.5%),残余狭窄为3.2±2.9%,支架置入成功率100%.住院期间无一例死亡、再次心肌梗死及再次靶病变需重复再通治疗.结论急性心血肌梗死(AMI)时行无球囊预扩张直接置入冠状动脉内支架治疗,成功率高、并发症少,TIMI血流3级达到率高.     

血栓抽吸导管在急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用Diver CE血栓抽吸导管的可靠性、实用性与安全性。方法选择我院2006年7月至2007年7月接受直接PCI的AMI患者64例,分成血栓抽吸后经皮冠状动脉介入治疗组(PT+PCI)与单纯PCI组,比较两组间TIMI血流、心肌灌注分级(TMP)(2.65±0.54)级、2 h ST段回落率56.07%±9.20%、左室射血分数(LVEF)及血管重建率。结果PT+PCI组的TIMI血流(2.54±0.18)级、TMP(2.65±0.54)级、2 h ST段回落率89.73%±9.43%、LVEF值56.07%±9.20%及血管重建率0%,明显优于单纯PCI组的TIMI血流(2.01±0.28)级、TMP(1.52±0.47)级、2 hST段回落率56.41%±12.59%、LVEF值51.11%±8.97%及血管重建率3.33%(P<0.05)。结论PCI中应用Diver CE血栓抽吸装置能明显减少冠状动脉血栓及远端栓塞,有效地改善心肌灌注,减少无复流发生,使用安全,效果明显。     

血栓抽吸导管在直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用对比研究

目的对比应用Diver和Zeek手动血栓抽吸导管在直接PCI中的临床效果。方法回顾性分析行直接PCI前使用Diver和Zeek抽吸导管的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者176例。分为Diver抽吸导管组(Diver组)88例,Zeek抽吸导管组(Zeek组)88例。观察2组患者术中吸出血栓情况及术后组织灌注、TIMI血流、心肌酶及临床主要不良心血管事件变化。结果 Zeek组术中抽出直径≥1 mm血栓比例明显高于Diver组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而术中应用替罗非班比例明显低于Diver组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与应用抽吸导管前比较,应用抽吸导管后2组患者血栓积分、TIMI 1级血流比例明显降低;TIMI 3级血流、心肌灌注分级(MBG)及TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMP)明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同的抽吸导管是直接PCI术中抽出直径≥1 mm血栓的独立影响因素;MBG 0～1级、TMP 0～1级、吸烟、左前降支病变及术前TIMI 0级是术后ST段回落的独立影响因素。结论 2种血栓抽吸导管均能有效改善直接PCI术后TIMI血流及心肌组织灌注,降低血栓负荷。但对直接PCI短期预后的影响元明显差异。     

血栓抽吸导管对急性心肌梗死患者心肌灌注水平影响的临床研究

目的分析在血栓负荷较大的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊PCI中,应用抽吸导管对心肌再灌注的影响及安全性。方法选择经急诊冠状动脉造影显示血栓负荷较大的AMI患者36例作为血栓抽吸组,另选同期采用常规PCI的AMI患者36例作为对照组,比较2组的血栓负荷、TIMI分级、TIMI心肌灌注(TMP)分级、心肌酶峰值、ST段回落幅度、LVEF、住院期间心血管不良事件。结果血栓抽吸组患者经抽吸后血栓负荷明显降低;血栓抽吸组患者TIMI分级和TMP分级明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);血栓抽吸组患者较对照组肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶峰值明显降低,术后1 h ST段回落百分比明显增高,LVEF明显升高,左心室舒张末内径明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论在血栓负荷较重的AMI患者行急诊PCI时,应用血栓抽吸导管安全可行,可显著改善梗死相关血管前向血流情况,改善心肌再灌注,减少无复流现象和心肌酶的释放。     

主动脉内球囊反搏术联合血栓抽吸治疗大面积ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者的疗效

目的评价主动脉内气囊反搏术(IABP)联合血栓抽吸对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的急性大面积ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者临床预后的影响。方法发病12 h内的急性大面积STEMI患者120例随机分为试验组和对照组各60例,均给予规范的药物治疗并急诊冠脉造影,试验组应用IABP联合冠脉内血栓抽吸,对照组单纯血栓抽吸后行PCI术。评价梗死相关血管PCI术后冠脉血流(TIMI)分级,心肌组织灌注(TMP)分级、无复流或慢血流发生率、IABP并发症及术后4 w心功能、主要不良心脏事件的发生情况。结果试验组PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率、TMP明显高于对照组;慢血流、无复流发生率明显低于对照组;术后4 w左心室射血分数(LVEF)明显高于对照组,左心室舒张末期内径、主要不良心脏事件的发生率小于对照组(均<0.05)。结论急性大面积STEMI患者急诊PCI前应用IABP联合血栓抽吸能改善梗死相关血管的急性心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)血流,增加冠脉灌注,改善心功能,减少主要不良心脏事件的发生率,临床应用安全有效。     

支架置入术后再次血栓抽吸术在急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用效果评价

目的评价支架置入术后再次血栓抽吸术在急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的应用效果。方法选取2013年11月—2015年11月凉山彝族自治州第二人民医院收治的急性心肌梗死患者158例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组79例。两组患者均行急诊PCI,确定梗死相关血管(IRA)后实施血栓抽吸术,然后实施球囊扩张术及支架置入术,研究组患者在支架置入术后再次实施血栓抽吸术。比较两组患者支架置入术后TIMI血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注(TMP)分级及研究组患者支架置入术后和再次血栓抽吸术后TIMI血流分级、TMP分级,比较两组患者术后ST段回落指数,并统计两组患者住院期间及出院后随访15周不良心血管事件发生情况。结果支架置入术后两组患者TIMI血流分级和TMP分级比较,差异无统计学意义(u值分别为0.292、0.208,P0.05);研究组患者再次血栓抽吸术后TIMI血流分级和TMP分级优于支架置入术后(u值分别为3.177、3.906,P0.05);研究组患者再次血栓抽吸术后TIMI血流分级和TMP分级优于对照组支架置入术后(u值分别为7.915、3.751,P0.05)。研究组患者术后2 h、4 h、8 h ST段回落指数均高于对照组(P0.05)。住院期间,研究组患者不良心血管事件发生率为0,低于对照组的8.9%(P0.05);出院后随访15周,研究组患者不良心血管事件发生率为0,对照组为2.5%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论支架置入术后再次血栓抽吸术可有效促进急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后梗死血管再通,改善梗死区域心肌灌注,提高临床疗效,降低近期不良心血管事件发生风险。     

Pseudoaneurysm of coronary artery following rupture of coronary artery during coronary angioplasty.

Rupture of the coronary artery is a rare complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). We describe a case of coronary artery rupture during PTCA resulting in the formation of a coronary artery pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated by percutaneous spring-coil embolization of the coronary artery.     

Percutaneous coronary intervention of bifurcation coronary disease

Bifurcation coronary artery disease is a frequent problem faced by interventional cardiologists and it affects approximately 15-20% of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The application of drug-eluting stents (DES) technology to prevent restenosis after PCI represents one of the success stories in cardiology, but DES have not resolved the bifurcation PCI challenge. Bifurcation PCI remains associated with higher procedural failure and worse outcomes compared with PCI of non-bifurcated lesions even in DES era. A dependable strategy for PCI of bifurcation lesions has yet to be established, which is likely due to the paucity of studies evaluating the anatomical intricacies of the bifurcation as well as the lack of large scale randomized therapeutic trials. Further, bifurcation has many anatomical variants and it is unlike that one technique will fit all. Currently, we are left with the option of a tailor-made strategy for each patient and bifurcation anatomy and make the most of the limited evidence available to support our therapeutic decisions. In this review, we attempted to describe the current understanding of bifurcation anatomy and corresponding PCI strategies.     

Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries, coronary heart disease and sudden coronary death

Correlation between the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, thrombosis and sudden cardiac death was examined in 721 autopsied cases. Severe coronary atherosclerosis with stenosis was found in most of them; however a similar grade of atherosclerosis was discovered in patients with ischaemic heart disease not dying suddenly. Acute coronary thrombosis in the studied subjects was diagnosed post mortem in about 20 percent of those who died suddenly. Other studies indicate frequencies between 4-93%. There was no consistent time dependence.     

冠状动脉256排CT与冠状动脉造影对冠心病的诊断比较

目的冠状动脉256排CT成像技术与冠状动脉造影检查对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的诊断比较。方法选取2013年5月至2014年5月内蒙古兴安盟人民医院心血管内科疑似冠心病患者50例,其中男性29例,女性21例,年龄37~68岁。先行冠状动脉256排CT扫描及图像后处理,后行冠状动脉造影检查,将两结果进行对比分析。结果以冠状动脉狭窄≥50%者为阳性。冠状动脉256排CT诊断冠心病灵敏度为40.00%,特异度98.18%,阳性预测值88.89%,阴性预测值81.82%,正确指数38.18%,符合率82.67%,KAPPA值46.28%。结论冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病准确性优于冠状动脉CT。冠状动脉CT可对冠心病患者进行初筛诊断。     

Right coronary artery coronary sinus fistula with coronary sinus ostium stenosis

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare anomaly of the coronary artery. The draining site of a right coronary artery (RCA) fistula may usually be the right ventricle, right atrium, or pulmonary artery. Here, we present a patient with right coronary artery to coronary sinus fistula (RCACSF) complicated by aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary sinus (CS) and stenosis of CS ostium.     

经桡动脉穿刺冠状动脉复杂病变的介入治疗

目的　探讨复杂冠状动脉病变经桡动脉穿刺途径行介入治疗的成功率和并发症。方法　 184例复杂冠状动脉病变的冠心病心绞痛患者中 ,经桡动脉穿刺组 4 6例 ,对照组为经股动脉穿刺者 138例 ,观察两组手术成功率、术后并发症等情况。结果　经桡动脉组手术成功率为 92 .2 % ,与经股动脉组 (94 .9% )相比无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。但术后与穿刺有关的并发症发生率 ,经桡动脉组明显少于经股动脉组 (10 .8% vs 2 8.3% ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;术后卧床时间也明显短于经股动脉穿刺组 (P<0 .0 1)。而经桡动脉组从穿刺开始至指引导管放置成功所需的时间长于经股动脉组(P<0 .0 5 )。结论　经选择的冠状动脉复杂病变经桡动脉途径介入治疗具有较高的成功率。经桡动脉途径术后与穿刺有关的并发症发生率低。     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of coronary artery embolism

A 35-yr-old woman with known valvular heart disease presented with acute myocardial infarction. Angiography demonstrated a totally occluded distal left anterior descending coronary artery. Though initially successful, angioplasty ultimately failed to maintain arterial patency, leaving a more distal total occlusion after several balloon inflations. In spite of this, PTCA possibly provided a more localized infarction via a peripheral mobilization of the embolus.     

Clinical trials of coronary revascularization: coronary angioplasty vs. coronary bypass grafting

In the absence of diabetes mellitus, rates of survival and of survival free of myocardial infarction (MI) are almost identical among patients with multivessel disease assigned to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) versus those assigned to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) after 6.5 to 8 year follow-up period. Additional revascularization occurs 2.5 to 4.5 times more frequently in PTCA-treated than in CABG-treated patients and prevalence of angina is no longer statistically different between the two treatment groups. The excess health care costs of bypass surgery, which are important early after revascularization, almost disappear 5 to 8 years later. In patients with single vessel disease, survival free of MI is also comparable in both treatment groups at 5 years. Additional revasculariztion occurs two to four times more often in PTCA-treated than in CABG-treated patients and prevalence of angina does not differ between the two treatment groups. Thus, in nondiabetic patients with multivessel disease, the choice of a revascularization strategy rests on the patient's and treating physician's preference between the invasive nature of bypass surgery and the risk of recurrent procedures. In patients with single vessel disease, these long-term data suggest that bypass surgery is at least as safe and effective as coronary angioplasty and therefore may be a treatment option in selected cases.     

冠脉微循环与冠心病

冠心病急性心肌梗死的再灌注治疗是现代医学发展的里程碑,它使被动、保守治疗转为积极、主动的血运重建,随着包括静脉溶栓、冠状动脉内溶栓、经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)、冠状动脉内支架置入术以及冠状动脉搭桥术等再灌注治疗技术的成熟、普及,挽救了无数患者的生命.