胰腺实性假乳头状瘤与无功能神经内分泌肿瘤的MSCT鉴别诊断

【摘要】目的：探讨MSCT对胰腺实性假乳头状瘤与无功能神经内分泌肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析2008年-2013年经病理证实的16例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤和16例胰腺无功能神经内分泌肿瘤的病例资料,所有患者均行CT平扫及动态增强扫描,对病变位置、密度、边界、钙化、强化峰值、导管扩张、远处转移进行分析。结果：16例实性假乳头状瘤中,病灶位于胰头8例、胰腺体部4例、胰腺尾部4例;病变呈实性6例、囊实性9例、囊性1例;出现钙化9例;边界清晰13例,无边界或边界模糊3例;导管扩张3例;强化峰值均在门脉期;无远处转移。16例无功能神经内分泌肿瘤中,病灶位于胰腺头部9例、胰体3例、胰尾4例;病变呈实性7例、囊实性8例、囊性1例;出现钙化4例;边界清晰11例、边界不清5例;导管扩张6例;强化峰值在动脉期9例、门脉期7例;远处转移3例。两种肿瘤强化峰值差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,两种肿瘤的位置、密度、有无钙化、边界是否清晰、有无导管扩张、有无远处转移间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：胰腺动态增强扫描有助于鉴别实性假乳头状瘤与无功能神经内分泌肿瘤,强化峰值在动脉期有助于胰腺无功能神经内分泌肿瘤的诊断,而胰腺实性假乳头状瘤均在门脉期强化;出现远处转移倾向于无功能性神经内分泌肿瘤的诊断。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT表现简

目的：探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤（SPTP）的CT表现特征,提高其CT诊断准确性。方法回顾性分析手术病理结果证实的8例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤患者的CT表现,并与病理进行对照性分析。结果8例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤均为单发病灶,术前均行CT平扫及增强扫描。肿瘤直径1．5~6．4 cm,8例CT平扫为均匀或欠均匀类圆形低密度影,1例肿瘤内见点状钙化灶,所有病例为囊实性肿瘤,边界清楚,肿瘤质地较软。结论胰腺实性假乳头状瘤,肿瘤包膜清晰,内可见出血及部分囊变及钙化,肿瘤平扫密度较低,增强后可见轻度强化及强化,少数呈渐进性强化。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT及MRI诊断

目的:探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(SPTP)的CT及MRI表现.方法:9例经外科手术后病理组织学证实的SPTP,术前5例进行CT及MRI平扫和增强扫描,4例只进行CT平扫和增强扫描.结果:肿瘤3例发生在胰头颈部,6例发生在胰尾部.直径2～11cm,均含有囊壁的囊实性肿块,囊性、实性成分比例各有不同,肿瘤内伴有不同程度的出血,囊壁与周围组织分界清楚,9例均未见钙化灶.增强扫描肿瘤实性部分及囊壁有强化,动脉期呈轻度强化,静脉期及延迟期呈轻中度强化,延迟期肿瘤实性部分强化体积及程度更大,囊性和实性结构变得清晰,但均低于正常胰腺.结论:SPTPCT及MRI表现具有一定的特征性.     

胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的影像表现及病理分级

目的探讨胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的影像学表现与病理分级的相关性。方法回顾性分析16例经手术病理证实的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的CT、MRI表现,包括瘤体大小、内部成分(囊实性)、强化方式等,根据2010年WHO胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的病理分级,运用Pearson相关性分析、Spearman等级相关性分析不同级别肿瘤的影像征象是否具有统计学差异。结果 16例患者16个病灶,横径最大径约20~70mm,肿瘤以实性成分为主的7例,以囊性为主的4例,病灶呈囊实混合性的5例。动态增强示病灶动脉期明显强化的8例;病灶呈渐进性强化的8例。G1级肿瘤9个,G2级肿瘤5个,G3级肿瘤2个,肿瘤级别与肿瘤大小、内部成分、强化方式无明显相关性。结论较大的肿瘤易囊变,肿瘤病理分级往往较高。     

非功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的CT表现

目的 分析非功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的多排螺旋CT表现.方法 纳入本院经临床和手术病理确诊为非功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤且术前在本院行上腹部增强CT检查的患者16例.回顾性分析其多排螺旋CT图像,主要观察肿瘤的数目、位置、形状、大小、密度、强化方式等.结果 16例均为胰腺单发肿瘤,发生于胰体部8例、头部5例、尾部3例.肿瘤呈圆形或类圆形,平均直径5.2 cm.平扫12例表现为稍低密度影,2例表现为等密度,2例表现为囊性病灶.增强后3例表现为等密度强化,6例为低密度强化,5例为高密度强化,2例囊性病灶无强化.6例可见胰管扩张,肝转移瘤见于3例患者,增强后呈环形强化.结论 非功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的多排螺旋CT表现具有一定特点,但其鉴别诊断较难,需结合影像学表现和临床信息.     

MSCT在胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤诊断及其鉴别诊断的应用价值

目的探讨胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的MSCT表现,以提高对其诊断水平。方法回顾性分析15例经手术后病理证实为NETP患者的MSCT表现。将神经内分泌瘤与神经内分泌癌分组对各期CT值进行统计学分析。结果 15例中,男性4例,女性11例,年龄22~68岁,平均46岁。9例胰腺神经内分泌瘤,5例胰腺神经内分泌癌,1例混合性腺泡-神经内分泌癌。胰头5例、胰颈5例、胰体尾部5例。13例表现为实性肿块,2例表现为囊实性肿块。4例肿瘤的强化较均匀,11例为不均匀强化,其中3例表现为边缘环形强化。神经内分泌瘤与神经内分泌癌的各期CT值无统计学差异。结论神经内分泌肿瘤的影像学表现多样,认识其多样性及不典型影像学征象,对提高诊断水平有较大帮助。     

胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的多层螺旋CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤(SPTP)的MSCT表现。资料与方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的9例SPTP的MSCT表现。结果囊性结构为主5例,实性结构为主1例,囊、实结构比例相近3例。MSCT平扫囊性呈低密度,实性呈等低密度,钙化3例,增强扫描实性部分明显强化,囊性部分各期均无强化。结论SPTP的MSCT表现具有一定特征性,有利于诊断及鉴别诊断。     

胸腺神经内分泌肿瘤的MSCT表现与其病理分级的相关性

目的 探讨胸腺神经内分泌肿瘤(NETs)的MSCT表现与其WHO病理组织学分级的相关性.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的16例胸腺NETs的MSCT表现,并依据2015年WHO病理组织学分级将其分为中低级别、高级别进行相关性分析.结果 本组病例中低级别8例,高级别8例.本组病例肿瘤位置、大小、形态、钙化、心包增厚、心包积液、胸膜增厚、胸腔积液、纵隔脂肪线消失、肿块-肺界面(MPI)增厚呈尖角或锯齿状差异均无统计学意义,其中淋巴结转移有统计学意义.增强后,不同级别肿瘤中线状强化血管影差异有统计学意义,但坏死囊变、周围血管侵犯差异无统计学意义.结论 不同级别胸腺NETs的MSCT表现有一定特征性,并且对其级别预测有一定帮助.     

多层螺旋CT对胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的诊断

目的 探讨MSCT对胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的诊断价值.方法回顾性分析手术病理证实的7例胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的MSCT表现.结果 2例肿瘤位于胰头,1例胰体尾部,4例位于胰尾部.2例瘤体以囊性为主,1例为囊实混合性,4例以实性为主.其中2例肿瘤有钙化.增强后实性部分动脉期轻度强化,静脉期明显强化;囊性部分无强化.结论 胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的MSCT表现有一定特征,对其诊断及确定手术方案有重要价值.     

动态增强CT在胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤病理分级中的可行性研究

【摘要】目的：探讨双期动态增强CT鉴别不同病理级别胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤（pNET）的可行性。方法：回顾性分析50例经手术病理证实的pNET的CT表现,观察病变的位置、最大径、包膜、钙化、囊变坏死、胰胆管扩张,有无周围淋巴结肿大、血管侵犯和肝转移。分别测量平扫、动脉期、静脉期图像上肿瘤病灶和病灶周围正常胰腺实质的平均CT值,计算肿瘤的平扫相对密度指数、动脉期相对强化指数、静脉期相对强化指数。根据2010年WHO消化道神经内分泌肿瘤分类方法将50例肿瘤分为两组：胰腺神经内分泌瘤（G1、G2级肿瘤,记为G1/2级）和胰腺神经内分泌癌（G3级肿瘤）。比较两组肿瘤的CT影像表现差异。结果：50例pNET均为单发病灶。G1、G2、G3级pNET分别为21、22和7例。胰腺神经内分泌瘤（G1/2级）43例,胰腺神经内分泌癌（G3级）7例。G1/2和G3级肿瘤的病灶位置、囊变坏死和钙化差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。G1/2、G3级肿瘤的平均最大径分别为（27.2±15.9）和（35.6±16.4）mm,随着病理级别的增高,肿瘤的平均最大径有增大趋势,但两者差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组肿瘤的包膜、胰胆管扩张、周围淋巴结肿大、血管侵犯的差异均具有统计学意义（P分别为0.001,0.001,0.002,0.029）,肝转移差异无统计学意义（P=0.370）。G1/2级肿瘤的动脉期相对强化指数（1.33±0.27）和静脉期相对强化指数（1.31±0.26）均较G3级肿瘤高（分别为0.96±0.16、1.03±0.14）,且差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。动脉期相对强化指数、静脉期相对强化指数鉴别不同病理级别pNET的ROC曲线分析：两者的曲线下面积分别为0.897、0.817,动脉期相对强化指数较静脉期相对强化指数能更好地鉴别G1/2和G3级pNET。结论：双期动态增强CT有助于G1/2级胰腺神经内分泌瘤和G3级胰腺神经内分泌癌的鉴别诊断。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.