运动性失语患者的句法理解障碍

目的 讨论运动性失语患的句法理解障碍的机制。方法 采用标准汉族失语检查法和句法理解的补充检查，对10例运动性失语患进行测验。结果 对复杂是否句的理解比简单是否句理解困难，对可逆被动句和“把”字结构句的理解较主动句理解困难，对功能词的理解较实义词的理解困难。结论 运动性失语患的句法理解障碍与功能词的异常加工有关。     

左半球卒中后汉语语法缺失的句法理解障碍

目的　探讨左半球卒中后汉语语法缺失的句法理解障碍特点及其可能存在的机制。方法　采用汉语失语检查法、短时记忆量表和汉语语法量表中的句法测试任务对 3 0例汉语语法缺失患者和 3 0例正常对照者进行测试。结果　在句法测试项目中 ,2组被试者的主动句完成率比较 ,差异无统计学意义(P >0 .0 5 ) ,其余语法句完成率比较 ,差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。汉语语法缺失组的短时记忆测试成绩明显差于正常对照组 ,2组成绩比较 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　汉语语法缺失患者存在较严重的句法理解障碍 ,其机制可能与痕迹删除和工作记忆障碍有关。     

失语患者命名障碍的临床治疗

目的：探讨失语所致命名障碍治疗方法及治疗效果。方法：采用汉语失语检查法对８８例因脑梗塞、脑出血、脑外伤引起失语的患者进行５种命名检查,并采用改良日本语言训练方法,进行５项命名治疗。结果：命名障碍治疗前与治疗后有明显差异,其中动作名词治疗成绩除感觉性失语者外,成绩均高于高频用物,低频用物、身体部位及颜色成绩。结论：失语患者在接受５项命名治疗中,动作命名治疗成绩较高,认为动作性名词比单纯性名词更易理解     

运动性失语患者的语言康复训练

语言障碍是脑血管病患常见症状之一。约有70％-75％的脑血管病患出现语言障碍，影响患语言表达和接受能力，导致与他人交流沟通的困难，从而影响患的工作、学习及生活。语言康复是指对语言障碍患进行语言矫治，使患尽可能地恢复正常语言表达的各种措施。对失语、构音障碍、呐吃、听觉障碍的患进行训练，提高语言理解和表达能力。     

脑血管病运动性失语患者的语言功能训练

脑血管疾病除致患者肢体偏瘫、麻木等运动和感觉障碍外,较为常见的是语言障碍,其中以运动性失语最常见。不仅给患者带来难言之苦,而且给家庭和社会带来沉重的负担。所以失语患者的语言康复是迫切需要解决的问题,对失语的患者,应尽快帮助他们恢复表达和理解能力,使其早日康复、回归社会,提高患者在日常生活中的语言表达能力和社会适应能力。     

脑卒中伴运动性失语患者的语言康复训练进展

从运动性失语的病理及症状,运动性失语的分类、评定,运动性失语的评估,语言康复训练方法,语言康复训练注意事项等方面,对脑卒中伴运动性失语患者语言康复训练的进展进行了综述。     

运动性失语患者的康复护理

目的：探讨康复护理对运动性失语患者的语言康复和非语言交流能力的作用。方法：35例运动性失语患者随机分为康复组18例和对照组17例，康复组进行为期3个月的言语康复训练和护理，对照组仪给予日常治疗护理。采用标准汉语失语检查法评定患者语言功能恢复情况。结果：复述、表达及运用语言功能方面与治疗前比较康复组明显恢复（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），且优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：康复护理对运动性失语患者的语言康复和非语言交流能力有良好的促进作用。     

脑卒中致运动性失语伴构音障碍的早期训练

脑卒中是神经内科的常见病，患者常有各种不同的后遗症，其中失语伴构音障碍是主要后遗症之一，患者的社会交往能力、日常生活能力均下降。运动性失语（Broca失语）其口语表达障碍最突出，星非流利型口语。表现语量少、讲话费力、发音和语调障碍和找词困难等，因语量少仅限于实质词且缺乏语法结构而呈电报式语言；口语理解相对好，对语法词和次序词句子理解困难，复述、命名、阅读及书写均不同程度受损。     

汉语失语症心理语言评价在探查听理解障碍的语言加工受损水平中的应用:1例报告

目的:应用汉语失语症心理语言评价(PACA)是否可以明确脑卒中后听理解障碍产生于听觉言语输入加工的某个水平,通过复测是否可预测听理解能力恢复的可能。方法:对1例听理解严重损害伴杂乱语,左颞顶叶、右颞叶脑梗死患者发病后2周和5周分别进行汉语失语症心理语言评价相关检查。结果:患者发病2周后的听觉词-图匹配正确率17.5%,视觉词-图匹配正确率90.0%,看图-书写正确率67.5%,看图命名正确率47.5%,词复述2.5%。听理解与阅读理解测验结果存在明显差异(P0.01),提示语义保留较好,而听觉语音映射到语义表征之前的加工受损。因此对听觉输入的语音分析进行了进一步检查,包括环境声音识别、语音识别、最小差异听字-指图均受损,语音识别、最小差异听字-指图受损更为严重。诊断感觉性失语症。第2次语言评价结果显示:视觉词-图匹配完全恢复正常,看图书写改善,听觉词-图匹配略有改善,词复述、环境声音识别、语音识别、最小差异听字指图未见改变。结果提示语音听感知受损,导致后续的听觉词汇加工不能进行,而语义系统正常。复测结果显示语音加工无改变,提示听理解预后较差,而影响听理解恢复的是语音识别。结论:汉语失语症心理语言评价可以较好地揭示听理解损害的加工水平,通过复测可提供语言功能预后,并使失语症的语言治疗更有针对性。     

急性脑血管病患者汉语失语症早期康复的研究

目的探讨早期康复对语言功能恢复的作用.方法将60例急性脑血管病汉语失语症患者随机分组,其中的30例患者分别于发病7天内和8-14天内进行28天的语言康复训练;另外30例患者不做语言康复训练为对照组.在康复训练前及28天后和3个月后追踪分别用汉语失语检查法测查此60例患者的失语商,并进行自身和三组间比较.结果应用语言康复训练效果更好(P＜0.01),康复训练越早越好(P＜0.05).结论语言康复训练对急性脑血管病汉语失语症患者语言功能的恢复起着重要作用,早期康复效果明显且稳定.     

Accent on communication: the impact of regional and foreign accent on comprehension in adults with aphasia

Purpose: This study explored whether an unfamiliar non-native accent, differing in both segmental and prosodic features was more difficult for individuals with aphasia to understand than an unfamiliar native accent, which differed in segmental features only. Method: Comprehension, which was determined by accuracy judgments on true/false sentences, and speed of response were assessed in the following three conditions: a familiar Southern Standard British English (SSBE) accent, an unfamiliar native Grimsby accent, and an unfamiliar non-native Chinese accent. Thirty-four English speaking adults (17 people with and 17 people without aphasia) served as listeners for this study. Results: All listeners made significantly more errors in the unfamiliar non-native accent, although this difficulty was more marked for those with aphasia. While there was no affect of speaker accent on the response times of listeners with aphasia, listeners without aphasia were significantly slower with the unfamiliar non-native accent. Conclusion: The results indicate that non-native accented speech affects comprehension even on simple tasks in ideal listening conditions. The findings suggest that speaker accent, especially accents varying in both segmental and prosodic features, can be a barrier to successful interactions between non-native accented speakers and native listeners, particularly those with aphasia.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• Aphasia is an acquired language disorder, often occurring after stroke, which affects an individual’s understanding and use of language.

• People with and without aphasia find an unfamiliar accent more difficult to understand than a familiar accent, and these problems are more significant for those with aphasia.

• Problems are greater when the accent differs from the familiar accent by both individual sounds and prosody.

• Health professionals need to be aware that their accent is likely to affect an individual’s performance on assessments as well as their understanding of information, and could consider the use of other mediums to present information (e.g. drawing) and minimizing other variables that might compromise comprehension (e.g. background noise).

     

Auditory comprehension problems in aphasia from the perspective of aphasic persons and their families and friends

This study explored with a qualitative approach the experience of auditory comprehension problems from the perspective aphasic persons and their families and friends. Semi-structured group interviews were held with 55 persons (29 aphasic and 26 non-aphasic) who were asked to describe the consequences of aphasia on their lives. Most participants contributed some material to the topic of interest. They described problematic situations, and the behaviours they said they adopted at those times; they also provided explanations of what their problems were. Some discrepancies between aphasic persons and their families and friends were also noted. The essential elements of the experience of an auditory comprehension problem centre around speakers' rate of speech and situations in which aphasic persons feel they are incapable of understanding or of following because of an unfavourable environment.     

脑血管病失语症听觉理解障碍的研究

目的　听觉理解障碍是脑血管病失语症的常见症状,分析听觉理解各个过程的特点,对于汉语失语症的分类、比较东西方失语症的异同、探索语言在脑内加工过程的神经机制及言语康复具有一定意义。方法　采用汉语失语检查法和听觉理解补充检查法,并结合CT、MRI技术,对不同类型汉语失语症听觉理解障碍各个过程的特点进行比较系统的研究。结果与结论　①失语类型不同,听觉理解在各个层级受损程度也不同;②不同类型失语都存在音素辨别的损害或保留;③在词的理解上,多数失语存在程度不等的困难等级,皮质下失语无此特性,与英语失语症有一定的差别;④各种失语对被动句理解比主动句更困难;⑤各组失语中篇章理解损害均较重。     

脑卒中运动功能障碍的局部一致性fMRI研究

目的:运用静息态功能性磁共振成像探究不同程度运动功能障碍脑卒中的脑局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)变化。方法:对单侧皮质下脑卒中患者(其中轻度和重度运动功能障碍患者各13例)和13例健康志愿者分别进行静息态功能磁共振成像检查。分别计算三组被试的全脑ReHo值,运用双样本t检验得到组间的差异脑区,进一步将差异脑区的ReHo值与临床上肢运动功能评分及手腕运动功能评分作相关性分析。结果:与健康对照组比较,轻度组病灶同侧皮质下的尾状核和丘脑的ReHo显著减小,辅助运动区及病灶对侧颞下回、梭状回及小脑的ReHo显著增高。重度组病灶同侧的初级运动皮质、扣带前回、颞下回、脑岛、枕中回及丘脑的ReHo显著减小,病灶对侧额上回、颞下回及小脑的ReHo显著增高。患者子组比较,重度组病灶同侧枕中回和病灶对侧颞上回的ReHo均显著低于轻度组,其中枕中回的ReHo值与上肢和"手+腕"FMA(Fugl-Meyer Assessment)评分显示正相关(分别为r=0.647,r=0.682,P<0.001),颞上回的ReHo值亦与上肢和"手+腕"FMA评分显示正相关(分别为r=...     

Syntactic priming in German–English bilinguals during sentence comprehension

A longstanding question in bilingualism is whether syntactic information is shared between the two language processing systems. We used an fMRI repetition suppression paradigm to investigate syntactic priming in reading comprehension in German–English late-acquisition bilinguals. In comparison to conventional subtraction analyses in bilingual experiments, repetition suppression has the advantage of being able to detect neuronal populations that are sensitive to properties that are shared by consecutive stimuli. In this study, we manipulated the syntactic structure between prime and target sentences. A sentence with a passive sentence structure in English was preceded either by a passive or by an active sentence in English or German. We looked for repetition suppression effects in left inferior frontal, left precentral and left middle temporal regions of interest. These regions were defined by a contrast of all non-target sentences in German and English versus the baseline of sentence-format consonant strings. We found decreases in activity (repetition suppression effects) in these regions of interest following the repetition of syntactic structure from the first to the second language and within the second language.Moreover, a separate behavioural experiment using a word-by-word reading paradigm similar to the fMRI experiment showed faster reading times for primed compared to unprimed English target sentences regardless of whether they were preceded by an English or a German sentence of the same structure.We conclude that there is interaction between the language processing systems and that at least some syntactic information is shared between a bilingual's languages with similar syntactic structures.     

PACE技术在流利型失语症中的应用(附2例报告)

采用A-B-A个例设计方法对1例底节性失语,具有传导性失语特征的患者进行了提高失语症患者的交际效果技术(Promoting Aphasic's Communicative Effectiveness,PACE)治疗。对1例感觉性失语进行了刺激法与PACE技术的对照治疗。治疗前后经改良波士顿诊断性失语症检查听理解分测验与呼名分测验检查。结果表明,PACE技术可以改善某些流利型失语症的听理解、呼名能力,对复杂概念的听理解改善较刺激法大。尤其是可以使那些尚未能应用非语言方式进行交际的患者逐步学会运用非语言的交际技能。     

感觉性失语症患者语言治疗后错语的变化

目的：观察语言治疗对不同类型错语的影响及治疗效果,确定感觉性失语症命名困难的主要语言学层次损害。方法：对１４例感觉性失语症患者进行４周语言治疗,治疗前后对患者实施波士顿诊断性失语症检查汉语版中的图片命名测验,对测验中出现的错误分类记分;对２例患者进行单病例实验设计,观察恢复早期与后遗症期的疗效。结果：语言治疗后感觉性失语症患者的错误总量减少,急性期与恢复后期治疗后错语量减少的程度接近。结论：语言治