女性盆底功能障碍性疾病的MRI技术与报告规范

盆底功能障碍性疾病是中老年女性的常见疾病, 严重影响患者生活质量。MRI作为一项重要的无创性评估手段, 现已被推荐应用于盆底功能障碍性疾病的诊断、评估、治疗方案抉择、手术方案制订及疗效评估。然而目前不同单位在成像技术以及图像的解读及报告等方面尚未达到规范化, 一定程度上影响这一成像技术的临床推广。本文中, 结合国内外有关女性盆底功能障碍性疾病的重要研究结果及国外已发布与该疾病有关的技术规范与共识, 同时汇集国内该领域专家的实践经验和重要观点, 聚焦于MRI指征、检查前准备、扫描序列、疾病诊断及分级的标准化, 初步形成一个共识性规范, 以期更好地指导MRI在该疾病的临床应用。     

盆底超声成像技术的研究进展

随着超声医学的发展,盆底超声已成为诊断女性盆底功能障碍性疾病的重要手段。本文对盆底的基础解剖、超声成像技术的进展和临床应用新进展进行了综述。     

会阴四维超声在围生期女性盆底评估中应用

<正>盆底功能障碍性疾病是以压力性尿失禁、盆腔脏器脱垂为主的妇科疾病,中老年女性发病率较高,但目前临床上因盆底功能障碍性疾病而住院的女性患者年龄有年轻化的趋势~([1-2])。一方面可能是由于曾经羞于这类疾病就诊的女性思想上的转变,另一方面也说明盆底功能障碍性疾病逐渐成为困扰女性、降低女性生活质量的一大因素。盆底结构、功能受妊娠、分娩影响导致诸多功能性障碍疾病,包括盆底脏器脱垂、尿失禁、盆腔慢性疼痛、性     

静、动态MRI用于盆底功能障碍肛提肌评价的研究进展

盆底功能障碍是由于盆底支持结构薄弱所引起的包括盆腔器官脱垂、排尿及排便功能障碍等一系列症状的疾病。肛提肌是支持盆底的主要结构,静态MRI具有较高的软组织分辨力,能客观地评价肛提肌的形态及结构,动态MRI能实时反映肛提肌的运动及功能,为其全面评估提供客观依据。就静、动态MRI在盆底功能障碍中对肛提肌评价的应用及研究进展予以综述。     

磁共振排粪造影对盆底功能障碍的诊断价值

目的:探讨MRI排粪造影对盆底功能障碍的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析56例经临床检查拟诊盆底功能障碍行MRI排粪造影检查患者的图像资料,以其最终出院诊断为标准,对照分析临床检查结果及MRI表现,以评价MRI排粪造影的诊断价值。统计学分析采用χ2检验。结果:在42例女性患者中,MRI排粪造影对直肠下降、膀胱膨出及耻骨直肠肌痉挛的诊断价值明显优于临床检查;对直肠前突及子宫膨出的诊断,两者无明显差别;对直肠套叠的诊断,临床检查明显优于MRI排粪造影。40例有盆底下降,其中中、重度下降32例,累及2盆及以上20例;在14例男性患者中,8例表现为耻骨直肠肌痉挛,其中4例伴轻度盆底下降。56例中,MRI检查与临床检查基本一致26例。28例的MRI检查相对于临床检查有新发现。结论:MRI排粪造影以其多方面的优势,对盆底功能障碍(尤其是女性患者)的诊断具有重要价值。     

产后妇女盆底功能障碍性疾病影响因素的临床分析

目的：观察并分析产后妇女盆底功能障碍性疾病的相关影响因素。方法取2013年5月～2013年12月妇产科收治的1021例产妇为研究对象并进行妇科常规检查,确认其是否存在盆底功能障碍性疾病,并通过自制调查问卷收集产妇孕产期一般情况,询问产妇是否在孕期以及产后出现盆底功能障碍的相关症状,整理各项研究数据并进行统计学分析。结果与初次妊娠分娩女性相比,多次妊娠分娩女性具有更高的盆底功能障碍性疾病发生率,二者差异显著,具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;与产程正常产妇相比,第二产程延长产妇具有更高的盆底功能障碍性疾病发生率,二者差异显著,具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论对于出现盆底功能障碍性疾病的产后女性而言,其第二产程延长以及分娩次数均会对疾病发生率产生显著影响,但新生儿出生体重以及孕期体重增加过量与盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生并无相关性。     

盆底超声检查在女性盆底功能障碍性疾病中的应用

盆腔支持结构缺陷、衰老、妊娠分娩、雌激素水平下降及肥胖等诸多因素导致老年女性的盆底结构松弛、功能减退,即盆底功能障碍性疾病(pelvic floor dysfunction,PFD,临床主要表现为盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)和压力性尿失禁(stress urinaryincont inence,SUI),近些年PFD的发病率显著增加,已婚女性PFD的发病率高达20％-40％,严重威胁着女性的身心健康及生活质量[1,2].PFD的影像学检查方法较多,主要包括X线盆腔器官造影术、腔内MRI、动态盆底MRI及超声检测等多种影像学检查方法,其中超声检查因操作简便、无创、经济、可重复性好及无辐射等优点,国外已广泛应用于PFD诊断及评估疗效,而目前我国关于盆底超声的研究较少[3,4].     

腹腔造影的临床应用

目的 探讨腹腔四重造影在盆底功能障碍性疾病诊断的临床价值.方法 通过临床肛肠外科严格筛选盆底功能障碍性疾病者共25例(男8例,女17例),男性为三重造影(膀胱、盆腔、直肠),女性再加做阴道造影为四重造影,除直肠造影用钡剂外,其余脏器用含碘溶液(优维显、泛影葡胺等).结果 在25例中见直肠前突9例,直肠黏膜脱垂8例,盆底痉挛综合征1例,耻骨直肠肌肥厚1例,子宫后倾3例,盆底疝5例,合并2种或2种以上疾病3例.结论 腹腔四重造影对于临床症状隐匿、物理检查难以发现的盆底疝及子宫后倾等盆底功能障碍性疾病具有确诊意义.     

静态和动态盆底MRI及扩散张量成像评估女性压力性尿失禁患者尿道形态及功能的应用研究

目的:探讨静态和动态盆底MRI及扩散张量成像（DTI）评估压力性尿失禁（SUI）患者尿道形态及功能的价值。方法:前瞻性收集2020年7月至2021年2月郑州大学第一附属医院经临床诊断的28例女性SUI患者作为SUI组,同期选取年龄匹配的女性健康志愿者45例作为对照组。对所有受试者行静态和动态盆底MRI和DTI。在静态M...     

盆底超声在女性盆底功能障碍性疾病中的应用

盆底功能障碍性疾病是中老年妇女的常见病,盆底支托组织的松弛或断裂是主要发病基础之一,妊娠及分娩是重要的高危因素,目前尚无统一的诊断标准。盆底超声既能动态观察盆腔脏器脱垂及盆底肌肉受损情况,评估压力性尿失禁和盆腔器官脱垂,又能确定植入材料的功能和位置,为临床选择合适的治疗方法及评估治疗效果提供重要信息。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.