3283名新生儿首针乙型肝炎疫苗卡介苗接种情况及未接种原因调查

蓬莱市2003年6月1日将乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫,为了解首针乙肝疫苗、卡介苗接种情况,掌握影响接种的因素,对在医院出生的3283名新生儿乙肝疫苗、卡介苗接种登记卡进行整理分析,对245名未接种者进行原因调查,现将结果报告如下。1材料与方法1·1资料来源2003年6月1日~2004年10月31日,在蓬莱市人民医院、中医院、解放军405医院出生的3283名新生儿首针乙肝疫苗、卡介苗接种登记报告卡。1·2方法对3所医院所报首针乙肝疫苗、卡介苗接种登记卡进行分类、整理、分析。2种疫苗均接种为完全接种,完成1种疫苗接种为不完全接种;24h内接种为…     

莱芜市新生儿乙肝疫苗第一针及时接种情况调查分析

目的了解莱芜市新生儿乙肝疫苗第一针接种情况,进一步提高其免疫接种率.方法查看莱芜市辖区内2004年6月30日至2005年6月30日出生的儿童,出生24小时内乙肝疫苗及时接种情况,并对未及时接种原因进行调查.结果9所医疗单位共调查10283人,乙肝疫苗及时接种8853人,及时接种率96.79%.乙肝疫苗未及时接种的原因主要是儿童健康原因.结论莱芜市新生儿乙肝疫苗第一针接种率较高,为提高新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率,一定要加强产前检查,保证儿童健康出生.     

上海市松江区新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种情况分析

上海市2002年11月起正式将乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫,我区于2002年11月1日起实行新生儿免费接种乙肝疫苗,并和卡介苗实行“捆绑式”接种,由产科医院负责新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗的接种工作。为了解我区新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种情况及影响因素,现对2003-2006年在我区产科医院出生的新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗的接种资料进行分析。[第一段]     

2002年寿光市新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种情况调查

寿光市自2000年开始,将新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种纳入医院产科进行.为了解首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗的接种情况,于2003年3～4月对寿光市全部医院产科的2002年新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种情况进行了调查.     

接种卡介苗/乙肝疫苗局部不良反应及措施

目的 探讨如何提高出生后24 h内,卡介苗和乙肝疫苗的有效接种率,降低新生儿病毒性乙型肝炎的感染率.方法 严格执行在不同部位接种不同疫苗.即左手臂接种卡介苗,右臂接种乙肝疫苗.并且在接种乙肝疫苗第二针、第三针接种在右手臂上.结果 有效地避免了在同一部位接种不同疫苗,疫苗之间的相互干扰及部分儿童接种乙肝疫苗第二针后局部出现化脓点而被儿童监护人认为是接种乙肝疫苗的不良反应.结论 排除了疫苗相互干扰的因素,摆脱了接种工作中的困惑,使接种工作形成制度化、程序化、规范化,有效地提高了疫苗的接种率,取得了令人满意的效果.     

莱芜市新生儿乙肝疫苗第一针及时接种情况调查分析

目的 了解莱芜市新生儿乙肝疫苗第一针接种情况，进一步提高其免疫接种率。方法 查看莱芜市辖区内2004年6月30日至2005年6月30日出生的儿童，出生24小时内乙肝疫苗及时接种情况，并对未及时接种原因进行调查。结果 9所医疗单位共调查10283人，乙肝疫苗及时接种8853人，及时接种率96．79％。乙肝疫苗未及时接种的原因主要是儿童健康原因。结论 莱芜市新生儿乙肝疫苗第一针接种率较高，为提高新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率，一定要加强产前检查，保证儿童健康出生。     

上海市宝山区2006—2009年新生儿首剂乙型肝炎疫苗和卡介苗接种情况

目的了解上海市宝山区新生儿首剂乙型肝炎疫苗和卡介苗接种情况,掌握影响接种的因素。方法查看宝山区各产科医院2006—2009年新生儿首剂乙型肝炎疫苗和卡介苗接种登记资料,进行描述分析。结果 2006—2009年宝山区产科医院出生的新生儿首剂乙型肝炎疫苗及时接种率均>95%,24 h内及时接种率均>92%,卡介苗接种率均>90%;两种疫苗未接种的原因主要是儿童健康因素。结论宝山区新生儿首剂乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种率均保持在较高水平,为进一步提高新生儿两苗接种率,要加强孕妇产前检查和孕期健康指导,保证儿童健康出生;同时指导接种人员正确掌握接种禁忌证。     

影响新生儿首针乙肝疫苗、卡介苗接种的原因调查

对我院2005年1月1日～2007年3月31日首针乙肝疫苗、卡介苗专人专管接种情况及未接种和迟种原因进行分析。1资料与方法1.1一般资料对2005年1月1日～2007年3月31日在我院出生的1132例新生儿的首针乙肝疫苗、卡介苗接种登记报告卡进行分类、整理、分析。1.2方法两种疫苗均接种为完全接种,完成1种疫苗接种为不完全接种,24h内接种为及时接种,超过24h接种为迟种。2结果2.1首针乙肝疫苗、卡介苗接种情况共收到报告卡1132张,完全接种1108例,完全接种率为97.88%,完全及时接种1082例,完全及时接种率为95.58%。乙肝疫苗接种率为98.06%,及时接种率为95.7…     

一起接种卡介苗和乙肝疫苗后偶合死亡事件分析

目的调查一起接种卡介苗和乙肝疫苗后偶合死亡事件,为接种疫苗后偶合死亡事件的处置提供经验。方法收集疫苗接种方、受种方、生产企业方相关资料和医院治疗抢救记录,对患儿接种卡介苗和乙肝疫苗后偶合死亡的调查处置经过进行描述性分析。结果患儿于2017年2月22日14:55在江苏省溧阳市A镇中心卫生院剖宫产足月出生,于2月23日接种乙肝疫苗,24日接种卡介苗,25日死亡。经调查,该患儿接种使用的疫苗均合格,接种过程规范,同批次疫苗均未发现疑似预防接种异常反应。尸检病理诊断结论为患儿有心脏畸形,最终死亡原因为呼吸循环衰竭死亡,即该患儿死亡是由严重先天性心脏病引起,属于偶合症。结论这是一起接种卡介苗和乙肝疫苗后偶合死亡事件,提示应重视新生儿接种前询问诊和查体工作,加强新生儿父母健康教育。     

河南省产科新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种情况分析

目的了解河南省产科新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种情况。方法通过河南省儿童预防接种信息化系统对河南省产科新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种情况进行对比分析。结果河南省2013年1 898个产科单位共出生新生儿1 570 192人,商丘市出生新生儿数最多(164 031人),占10.45%。新生儿首针乙肝疫苗接种率为95.74%,及时接种率为91.97%,卡介苗接种率为86.84%。新生儿首针乙肝疫苗未种原因以转儿科为主(38 345人,57.35%),其次为出生低体重(13 077人,19.56%);卡介苗未种原因以其他为主(65 050人,3.48%),其次为转儿科(48 833人,23.63%)。结论河南省首针乙肝疫苗及卡介苗接种率已经达到较高水平,应加强对产科医务人员乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种禁忌证的培训,以提高卡介苗的接种率和乙肝疫苗及时接种率。     

卡介苗接种与复种的研究进展

结核病作为严重威胁人类健康的重大传染病,卡介苗是目前唯一被证实有效的结核病疫苗,新生儿接种可以大大减少结核病的发病和死亡,但因其保护期有限,出生后接种一次并不能对青少年和成年人产生保护效果。本文通过PubMed、中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据知识服务平台等数据库的相关文献的检索和阅读,对卡介苗特性、免疫效果及免疫持久力、青少年或成年人卡介苗接种及卡介苗复种效果的研究进行了分析和总结,并结合WHO关于卡介苗使用立场发布的3次文件,探讨其对于卡介苗使用的态度转变历程以及今后的政策趋势。     

Attitudes towards mandatory vaccination and sanctions for vaccination refusal

AimsInvestigating attitudes towards mandatory vaccination and sanctions for vaccination refusal in an area with insufficient vaccination coverage may help health authorities to assess which strategies for increasing vaccination coverage are appropriate. This study examines attitudes to vaccine mandates and asks questions regarding what kinds of sanctions could legitimately result from vaccination refusal. It seeks to find out if people’s attitudes towards mandates and towards sanctions for vaccination refusal are related to their attitudes to vaccines and the degree of trust they feel towards health care professionals and health care authorities. The study also discusses how the observed attitudes towards mandates may be related to perceptions of autonomy, responsibility, and equitability.MethodsData collection was carried out in Finland through an online survey in a region with suboptimal vaccine uptake. Statistical analysis was conducted on a sample of 1101 respondents, using confirmatory factor analysis and structural regression analysis.ResultsPersons hold different views on mandates and sanctions. Importantly, the persons who support vaccination mandates and sanctions for vaccination refusal are to a great degree the same people who have positive attitudes to vaccines and high trust in health care professionals and health authorities.ConclusionTrust is a key factor which has a bearing on people’s attitudes towards mandates and sanctions for noncompliance. A focus on the reasons for lack of trust, and on how to enhance trust, is a more feasible long-term way (than mandates) to promote large- scale compliance with childhood vaccine programmes in the studied country context.     

Ethics and vaccination

BACKGROUND: Immunization programmes are ethically defensible and society has a significant role to play in providing vaccination against measles and safeguarding herd immunity to optimize its individuals' capabilities. Since preventive actions interfere with individuals who consider themselves as healthy, public health strategies - as distinct from advice in a clinical consultation - require something approaching certainty as to benefits and possible side effects of an intervention. The principle of individual autonomy, a fundamental value in bioethics, often makes discussions covering ethical issues in public health interventions difficult and non-productive as to practical solutions. In encounters intended to provide information on vaccination, discussions regarding risks tend to simplify the issue into an individual one: either the child gets measles or not, or is affected by side effects or not. METHOD AND CONCLUSIONS: A model is suggested for identification and analysis of the ethical conflicts in measles vaccination programmes, which contains two different dimensions: the affected persons and the relevant ethical principles. Justice as solidarity, not utility, should be paired with autonomy in ethical deliberations on preventive health interventions such as a vaccination programme for measles. If the goal is solidarity rather than conformity, the parents must be free to decide what they think is right, because that is what moral responsibility is all about. Solidarity, however, could never be accepted as an argument without parents trusting the messages from the health institutions and availability of reasonable societal support for those who claim an association between vaccinations and possible side effects.     

Public doubts about vaccination safety and resistance against vaccination

Immunisation is a cornerstone of preventive medicine. The prospects for continuation of this position are outstanding, since the medical intervention has been deemed as cost-effective in major publications on global disease prevention priorities. Recently, the financial foundations of global immunisation efforts have been strengthened considerably through the establishment of a large fund with a viable organisational underpinning. Routine vaccination programmes, usually known as Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI), now have an almost world-wide coverage. Despite high coverage levels, there have always been parents with doubts about the efficacy, safety and necessity of childhood vaccinations on offer. Although usually acceptance of vaccination was and is the general pattern, individual refusal and public resistance have been documented. This article focuses on the forms and implications of public doubts about vaccines and vaccinations in industrialised and in developing countries. Using, among other sources, material from the Social Science and Immunisation Project it explains how such reactions must be understood in context. It highlights different forms and trajectories of non-acceptance of vaccinations and discusses how policy makers and programme managers could address these issues.     

Estimating vaccination coverage: validity of household-retained vaccination cards and parental recall

Public health programs rely on household-survey estimates of vaccination coverage as a basis of programmatic and policy decisions; however, the validity of estimates derived from household-retained vaccination cards and parental recall has not been thoroughly evaluated. Using data from a vaccination coverage survey conducted in the Western Pacific's Northern Mariana Islands, we compared results from household data sources to medical record sources for the same children. We calculated the percentage of children aged 1, 2, and 6 years who received all vaccines recommended by age 12 months, 24 months, and for school entry, respectively. Coverage estimates based on vaccination cards ranged from 14% to 30% in the three age groups compared to 78-91% for the same children based on medical records. When cards were supplemented by parental recall, estimates were 51-53%. Concordance, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and kappa statistics generally indicated poor agreement between household and medical record sources. Household-retained vaccination cards and parental recall were insufficient sources of information for estimating vaccination coverage in this population. This study emphasizes the importance of identifying reliable sources of vaccination history information and reinforces the need for awareness of the potential limitations of vaccination coverage estimated from surveys that rely on household-retained cards and/or parental recall.