2017-2021年连云港市职业健康检查结果分析

对2017-2021年连云港市职业病监测数据进行收集分析,为制定连云港市职业病防治策略提供科学依据。结果显示,5年间开展职业健康检查的企业数不断增多,粉尘危害企业所占比重最大。上岗前职业禁忌证检出率分别为0、1.56%、2.64%、4.57%、3.26%,呈逐年增长趋势(χ²趋势=13.710,P<0.01),差异有统计学意义(χ²=100.552,P<0.01);在岗期间职业健康检查职业禁忌证检出率分别为0、1.56%、2.64%、4.57%、3.26%,呈逐年增长趋势(χ²趋势=116.047,P<0.01),差异有统计学意义(χ²=129.248,P<0.01),2019-2021年疑似职业病检出率分别为0.01%、0.04%、0.1%,呈逐年增长趋势(χ²趋势=24.353,P<0.01),差异有统计学意义(χ²=30.995,P<0.01)。接触不同职业病危害因素劳动者职业禁忌证检出率前三位分别为噪声2.10%...     

2021年通辽市煤尘及噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果分析

目的 了解通辽市地区接触煤尘、噪声职业病危害因素的在岗工人职业健康状况,为职业病防治工作提供参考依据。方法 从职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统导出数据,对2021年接触煤尘在岗职工16 252人、接触噪声18 519人的职业健康检查资料进行统计分析。使用Excel整理数据,并应用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。结果 不同年龄、工龄、性别、行业、企业规模间高仟伏/DR胸片异常检出率比较差异均有统计学意义(χ²=29.671、272.705、406.28、388.495、49.024,均P<0.001),通过卡方趋势检验异常率随年龄、工龄的增加呈升高趋势。噪声作业工人职业健康检查纯音听阈测试提示3 440人(18.58%)双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB,接噪作业工人双耳高频平均听阈检查异常率在不同工龄、性别、企业规模间比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=178.813、270.558、156.349,均P<0.001),通过χ²趋势检验异常率随着工龄增加有升高趋势。结论 通辽市接触职业性危害因素煤尘、噪声的作业工人健康问题...     

2021年四川省职业健康检查结果分析

目的分析四川省2021年职业健康检查结果,为明确职业卫生工作重点提供依据和支撑。方法收集四川省2021年所有参加有毒有害作业职业健康检查的劳动者职业健康检查个案卡,对目标疾病和健康损害的分布情况进行描述性分析,重点分析接触煤尘、矽尘、噪声、苯、铅等主要职业危害因素的职业健康检查结果,采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,组间比较采用Pearsonχ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果2021年四川省共收集到628270名劳动者的职业健康检查资料,疑似职业病检出率为0.30%,不同职业病危害因素的疑似职业病检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8309.014,P<0.001);职业禁忌证检出率为1.08%,不同职业病危害因素接触劳动者职业禁忌证检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=912.115,P<0.001)。煤尘作业劳动者的疑似职业病检出率(3.42%)和职业禁忌证检出率(1.63%)均为最高,而噪声作业体检人数和专项指标异常人数最多。专项指标异常人员主要分布在煤炭开采、建筑材料制造、汽车制造、家具制造和建筑业等行业,企业规模以小型为主。随着年龄和工龄的增加,煤尘、矽尘和噪声作业劳动者的专项指标异常检出率有上升趋势。结论四川省应重点加强煤尘、噪声等职业危害的治理,以职业健康检查发现的关键指标异常数据作为开展风险评估的基础,预测和分析职业病发病特点和规律。     

2015—2020年某机械厂噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果

目的 对2015—2020年连续工作6年的江门市某机械厂从事噪声作业工人进行职业健康检查,并对其结果进行分析,为职业病防控提供技术依据。方法 依据国家相关法律、标准、规范,选择江门市某机械厂2015—2020年连续工作6年的从事噪声作业工人为调查对象,共1 698人次,对其健康检查结果进行综合分析。结果 该机械厂未发现疑似职业性噪声聋病例,但存在职业禁忌证人员,其中2018年最高(9人)。职业健康检查结果未见异常的检出率逐年下降,纯音测听异常检出率逐年上升;高血压异常率2018年最高(15.87%),6年间异常率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=11.269,P<0.05);心电图检查异常率2019年最高(18.18%),6年间异常率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²=9.923,P>0.05);纯音测听检查异常率2019年最高(50.35%),6年间异常率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=25.415,P<0.05)。其中听力损失人数与性别、年龄和工龄相关,男性工人、年龄越大和工龄越长越容易发生听力损伤。结论 某机...     

某大型化工企业接触职业危害因素工人体检结果分析

回顾性分析2876名工人上岗前健康检查和在岗职业健康体检结果。体检异常率49.23%;在岗工人体检异常率在工龄、年龄、性别不同组别间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),体检异常率随着年龄和工龄的增加而增加;上岗前体检组异常率最高。     

益阳市职业性苯接触工人职业健康状况调查

目的了解益阳市苯作业工人职业健康状况,为预防苯所致职业病提供技术支撑。方法收集2015—2019年间益阳地区苯作业工人在岗期间职业健康检查资料,并对其血常规检查结果进行统计分析。结果 3 381例苯作业工人中发现职业禁忌证12例,未发现疑似职业病或苯所致职业病,其白细胞、中性粒细胞及血小板偏低检出率分别为4.97%、1.83%和0.15%,不同地区、不同年龄组间的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。白细胞及中性粒细胞偏低检出率在不同年份、不同行业、规模及经济类型企业之间的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。女性白细胞偏低检出率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(χ²=22.01,P<0.05)。0～1与7～9年工龄组白细胞偏低检出率较高,差异有统计学意义(χ²=22.01,P<0.05)。结论益阳地区苯作业工人职业健康状况良好。用人单位应尽量安排男性从事苯作业,并重点关注接苯7～9年劳动者的健康状况。监管部门应重点关注国有经济企业、小型企业、批发与零售业苯作业工人的职业健康管理。     

铅蓄电池生产企业员工职业健康现状调查

选取本地区某铅蓄电池生产企业工人作为观察组，某锂离子电池生产企业工人作为对照组，通过对两家企业职业卫生现场调查、工人班后尿铅浓度、血红蛋白浓度检测，了解本地区铅蓄电池生产企业员工职业健康状况。结果显示，与对照组比较，观察组尿铅增高检出率明显增高，差异有统计学意义(χ²=16.966,P<0.05)；两组间血红蛋白浓度比较，差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.154,P>0.05)。以性别为混杂因素进行比较，观察组尿铅增高检出率、血红蛋白浓度比较，差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.551，χ²=1.372,P>0.05)；对照组血红蛋白浓度比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.455,P<0.05)。提示，尿铅偏高与铅暴露密切相关，尿铅偏高对贫血的发生是否存在影响需进一步观察研究。     

深圳某区家具企业劳动者职业紧张状况调查

目的调查深圳某区家具企业生产车间劳动者的职业紧张状况,为开展家具企业劳动者职业紧张干预、促进劳动者心理健康提供参考。方法利用分层抽样方法抽取该区大、中、小家具企业的455名劳动者作为研究对象,采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)进行测评。结果不同规模企业劳动者职业紧张程度差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.01,P0.01),中、小型企业劳动者职业紧张程度高于大型企业;不同工龄劳动者的职业紧张程度差异有统计学意义(χ2=37.78,P0.01),1年及以下工龄组职业紧张程度最高;不同年龄劳动者职业紧张程度差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.17,P0.01),30~40岁工龄组职业紧张程度最高;男性职业紧张程度高于女性(χ2=16.98、P0.01)。结论该区家具企业劳动者的职业紧张状况受家具企业的规模和劳动者的性别、工龄和年龄影响,开展心理健康促进工作时应酌情调整干预措施。     

徐州市噪声作业人员在岗期间职业健康检查结果分析

选择2017年1月-11月徐州市19家职业健康检查机构10 099名噪声作业职业健康检查人员为研究对象,对检查结果进行描述性分析。结果显示,听力异常2 168名(异常率为21.5%),男性听力异常1 922名(异常率为23.3%)明显高于女性(246名,异常率13.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=87.085,P<0.01);噪声作业人员听力异常率随年龄的增加而升高,50～59岁年龄组听力异常率最高(38.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=501.010,P<0.01);工龄≥20 a组听力异常率最高(42.3%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=450.932,P<0.01);听力异常组收缩压、舒张压、血红蛋白、心电图异常率与尿糖异常率明显高于听力正常组(t=-8.425、-7.819、-5.064,χ²=10.423、8.350),血小板计数低于听力正常组(t=3.160),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。提示,噪声作业人员听力异常与年龄、工龄相关,噪声不仅对听觉系统产生影响,...     

噪声作业上岗前职业禁忌证检查分析

采用流行病描述性研究方法,对2019年所有在我院进行噪声上岗前职业健康检查检出职业禁忌证的人员进行回顾性统计分析。结果显示,噪声上岗前职业健康检查人数为18 351例,检出禁忌证者1 208例,检出率为6.58%;21～30岁组430例,31～40岁组355例,且检出率随年龄的增长而升高,χ■=525.90,P0.05;禁忌证者任一耳平均语频听力损失≥41 dB的为174例,永久性感音神经性听力损失221例,双耳高频平均听阈损失40 dB的为813例。提示,噪声上岗前职业健康检查禁忌证检出率高,全社会应重视听力保护行动。     

Prevention of occupational asthma--practical implications for occupational physicians

BACKGROUND: Occupational factors have been estimated to contribute to approximately 10% of adult-onset asthma and occupational asthma (OA) is one of the most common occupational lung diseases in industrialized areas. Persistent asthma frequently occurs with significant socio-economic impacts. METHODS: A literature search was performed using PubMed. The key term searched was occupational asthma combined with prevention. RESULTS: Primary prevention has been effective for OA related to natural rubber latex, and may have reduced the incidence of diisocyanate-induced asthma. Medical health surveillance has been effective in settings such as the detergent enzyme industry, workers exposed to complex platinum salts and likely for diisocyanate workers in Ontario. Tertiary prevention is still required for workers with OA and can improve prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: OA is potentially preventable. Sufficient studies have demonstrated the rationale and benefit of primary preventive strategies. Medical health surveillance programs combined with occupational hygiene measures and worker education have been associated with improved outcomes but further studies are needed to understand the optimum frequency and measures for such programs and to identify the separate contribution of the components. Until primary and secondary prevention is better understood and implemented, there will also remain a need for tertiary preventive measures.     

职业卫生与职业医学的发展趋势

职业卫生与职业医学是研究劳动条件对劳动者健康的影响以及研究改善劳动条件,创造安全、卫生、高效的作业环境,提高劳动者的职业生活质量的一门预防医学学科,职业卫生与职业医学的首要任务则是识别、评价和控制不良的劳动条件,以保护劳动者的身体健康;其次是对职业性病损的受罹者进行早期检测、诊断和处理,促使其尽早康复。 我国的职业卫生工作始于新中国成立之后,在全国科技工     

职业卫生与职业病统计报告的历程

为加强公共卫生信息时效和实行五大卫生监督统计报告的综合管理 ,卫生部于 1991年颁发了《卫生监督统计报告管理规定》 ,同时废止各卫生专业单行的统计报告管理规定。此后 ,五大卫生监督、监测信息的搜集进行了 3次重大修订与整合 ,使其逐步完善和规范。 2 0 0 3年启用的报告卡于 2 0 0 0年开始设计修订 ,2 0 0 2年经国家统计局审批 ,正式实施 (国统函 [2 0 0 2年 ]72号 )。此次五大卫生的重大修改是把全部报表都改为个案报告 ,增加了信息量 ,实现由单纯数字统计报告向监测发展的根本性转变。职业卫生与职业病的统计报告 (简称职报 )继 1997…     

Relations of occupational stress to occupational class in Japanese civil servants--analysis by two occupational stress models

The aim of the present study was to identify relations between occupational stress and occupational class in Japanese civil servants, using two occupational stress models-the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Model and the Job Demand-Control (JDC) Model. The subjects were employees of three local public organizations. We distributed self-administered questionnaires and assessed occupational stress by ERI and JDC. We used seven occupational categories based on the Standard Occupational Classification for Japan. The data of 6,423 male and 1,606 female subjects were analyzed by logistic regression analysis to obtain odds ratios (OR) for relations between occupational stress and occupational class. In JDC, male clerical workers, transport/communication workers and protective service workers showed a significantly higher OR of being in the high occupational stress group, compared to managers. In ERI, male professionals/technicians, transport/communication workers, clerical workers and protective service workers showed a significantly higher prevalence OR, compared to managers, the two models giving different results. In ERI, female production workers/laborers and clerical workers had a significantly lower prevalence OR, compared to managers. The results of this study showed that occupational stress differed by occupational class and the two occupational stress models gave different results for occupational classes with high occupational stress.     

Integrating occupational health services and occupational prevention services

BACKGROUND: Despite the human and monetary costs of occupational injury and illness, occupational health care has focused more on treatment than prevention, and prevention is not part of many clinical occupational health practices. This represents a failure of occupational health care to meet the health care needs of the working patients. METHODS: MEDLINE searches were conducted for literature on occupational medical treatment and the prevention of occupational injury and illness were reviewed to for linkages between prevention and treatment. Policy discussions which identify examples of programs that integrated prevention and treatment were included. RESULTS: Although examples of the integration of clinical and preventive occupational health services exist, there are challenges and barriers to such integration. These include inaction by clinicians who do not recognize their potential role in prevention; the absence of a relationship between the clinician and an employer willing to participate in prevention; economic disincentives against prevention; and the absence of tools that evaluate clinicians on their performance in prevention. CONCLUSIONS: Research is needed to improve and promote clinical occupational health preventive services.     

Embryos of occupational therapist paradigms: An exploratory study of Swedish occupational therapy students' perceptions of occupational therapy

The present study is an exploratory study of newly enrolled Swedish occupational therapy students' world view and field of action view of occupational therapy during their introductory week at the Occupational Therapist Educational Program at the University College of Health Sciences, Jönköping, Sweden, in the autumn of 1995. The study has its starting point in Törnebohm's theory of paradigms. The students answered essay questions on paradigmatic matters and the data were analysed qualitatively. Three themes were identified in the data: (i) notions of some concepts fundamental to occupational therapy; (ii) notions of the 'setting' of occupational therapy reality; and (iii) notions of the operational reality of occupational therapy. With their limited personal experience of occupational therapy, the students' perceptions reflected interested outsiders' views on the topic, influenced by information available in society and the questions given. They were shown to possess relevant and varied information about occupational therapy, but had difficulties in joining the information together in a coherent unity.     

中国职业卫生与职业病研究的进展

近年来中国职业卫生与职业病研究取得了长足的发展,以职业暴露人群为研究中心,针对职业病的病因、发病机制、人群易感性生物标志物以及风险评估等方面开展了大量的研究,填补了中国甚至世界范围内诸多职业卫生与职业病方面的空缺,具有重要的公共卫生意义。目前中国处于高速发展阶段,大批新兴的、创新的技术正应用于各个领域,推动着中国的产业结构、生产方式和生产技术发生巨大变革,新兴领域的高速发展对职业卫生提出了新的挑战,表现为传统的职业性有害因素带来的职业卫生问题逐渐减少,新的问题不断出现。职业卫生和职业医学也迫切需要将医学科学的新理念、新技术应用于本学科,建立新型健康风险评价体系,进而满足职业人群健康监护和职业病诊断治疗的需求。     

不同职业病危害因素与职业性噪声聋的关系

目的探讨不同职业危害因素与噪声在导致职业性噪声聋方面有无协同关系。方法对所有符合条件的工人按职业病危害因素分成噪声组、噪声＋粉尘组、噪声＋高温组、噪声＋化学品4组,分别统计各组听力异常和听力正常检出结果,比较不同组间听力异常检出率是否相同。结果噪声组听力异常检出率为33．5％、噪声＋粉尘组为34．7％、噪声＋高温组为38．1％、噪声＋化学品组为38．7％。经统计分析,总体有差别,进一步组内比较,噪声组、噪声＋粉尘组进行比较,x2=0．563,P〉0．05;将噪声组、噪声＋粉尘组两组合并与噪声＋高温组进行比较,x2=9．194,P〈0．01及x2=6．938,P〈0．01。结论粉尘在导致噪声聋方面与噪声无协同作用,而高温、化学品均与噪声有协同作用。