腹主动脉瘤开放手术和腔内修复术的短期随访研究

目的:比较腹主动脉瘤(AAA)腔内修复术(EVAR)和开放手术(OR),术后6个月内的疗效。方法:选择同时满足OR和EVAR手术条件的AAA患者共100例,随机分配接受OR或EVAR手术,随访至术后6个月,记录分析两组术中情况、病死率、全身并发症及手术相关并发症。结果:至术后6个月,仅OR组死亡1例,两组病死率差异无统计学意义。EVAR组中位手术时间更短、出血量及输血量更少(P<0.05)。EVAR组患者可以更早出院,但是花费也远高于OR组(P<0.05)。EVAR组围术期全身并发症发生率略低于OR组(16.4%vs.20.5%),但手术相关并发症高于OR组(29.5%vs.12.8%),差异无统计学意义。随访至术后6个月,两组各项并发症情况差异无统计学意义。结论:对于AAA来说,OR与EVAR手术都是安全有效的治疗方法。EVAR手术在围术期显示出微创手术的优势。     

腹主动脉瘤合并冠心病患者三种治疗策略疗效分析

目的:分析不同手术治疗策略对合并有严重冠心病且适合行腔内修复术(EVAR)的腹主动脉瘤(AAA)患者住院期间预后的的影响。方法:采用回顾性分析2005年1月至2013年12月间,在广东省人民医院住院50岁以上确诊AAA并行冠状动脉造影的患者207例,收集临床及影像学资料,探讨AAA患者中冠心病的检出率。进一步分析合并有严重冠心病且适合行EVAR的AAA患者,根据不同手术治疗策略,分为同期EVAR+经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)组、EVAR后PCI组、PCI后EVAR组,分析不同分组患者住院期间术后不良事件发生的情况。结果:207例50岁以上AAA患者中,经冠状动脉造影确诊冠心病151例(72.9%)。93例合并有严重冠心病且适合行EVAR的AAA患者中,同期EVAR+PCI组6例(6.5%),EVAR后PCI组60例(64.5%),PCI后EVAR组27例(29.0%)。各组间年龄、性别、动脉粥样硬化危险因素、冠状动脉病变支数情况及AAA最大径等无统计学差异(P均0.05)。同期EVAR+PCI组中,无发生住院期间死亡,EVAR后PCI组出现1例(1.7%),PCI后EVAR组出现2例(7.4%),各组间住院期间病死率差异无统计学意义。同期EVAR+PCI组出现1例(16.7%)术后并发症,EVAR后PCI组10例(16.7%),PCI后EVAR组3例(11.1%),各组住院期间术后并发症发生率无统计学差异。结论:50岁以上AAA患者中有着较高的冠心病共患率。对于合并有严重冠心病且适合行EVAR的AAA患者,同期行EVAR+PCI术并不会增加术后住院期间不良事件的发生。     

胸腹主动脉腔内修复手术的麻醉管理和脏器保护方法：阜外经验

目的 总结急性主动脉综合征、胸腹主动脉瘤患者择期进行胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）和/或腹主动脉腔内修复术（EVAR）的麻醉管理和脏器保护方法。方法 收集2021年1月1日至12月31日在阜外医院择期进行TEVAR/EVAR的473例患者的相关临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中303例（64.1%）患者接受TEVAR,170例患者（35.9%）接受EVAR。对两组患者的麻醉方法及围手术期并发症的预防和管理经验进行分析和总结。结果 本组患者在全身麻醉下完成手术455例（96.2%）,采用镇静或监护麻醉管理（MAC）18例（3.8%）。术后机械通气时间0(0,5)h,重症监护病房（ICU）停留时间21(18,23)h,平均住院时间（10.5±3.8）d。术后发生脊髓缺血3例（0.6%）,急性脑卒中3例（0.6%）,急性肾损伤9例（1.9%）,心血管并发症6例（1.3%）,入路血管和主动脉再次干预10例（2.1%）,非康复出院4例（0.8%）,无院内死亡病例。结论 全身麻醉是TEVAR/EVAR最常用的麻醉方式,最佳的麻醉方案是术毕在手术室拔管,应重点关注围手术期血流动力学管理,神经系统、心脏、...     

慢性肾功能不全患者腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术治疗策略的可行性及疗效分析

目的探讨慢性肾功能不全(CRI)患者的腹主动脉瘤(AAA)腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗策略的可行性和有效性。方法对19例合并CRI的AAA患者采用针对CRI的改良EVAR治疗策略,同时选择40例肾功能正常患者采用常规手术方式作为对照组,比较2组患者在诊疗过程、治疗结果和并发症方面的差异。采用GraphPad 8.0统计软件对数据进行分析。依据数据类型分别采用t检验、χ~2检验或Fisher检验对数据进行组间比较。结果 19例患者均顺利完成EVAR治疗,围术期无患者死亡。CRI患者术后血肌酐值较术前无明显升高(P=0.610 9);1例(5.26%)因双侧肾动脉不全覆盖,行双侧肾动脉支架植入术;2例(10.53%)轻微Ⅱ型内漏,未干预;1例(5.26%)发生穿刺点血肿或感染;2例(10.53%)术后发热。所有患者围术期均未出现急性肾功能衰竭、急性脊髓、肢体缺血等严重并发症,2组间总并发症发生率无显著差异。术后3个月患者复查结果均提示支架形态位置良好、无内漏,AAA瘤腔内完全血栓化,各分支动脉血流通畅。随访期(2～28个月,中位15个月)内,1例患者因急性心肌梗死死亡,其余患者未发生支架移位、急(慢)性肾功能衰竭、肢体缺血等严重并发症。结论针对CRI患者所使用的EVAR治疗策略,可有效保护肾功能,降低术后对比剂相关并发症发生率,有效扩大EVAR术的适应证范围。     

高危胸降主动脉瘤腔内修复治疗

目的总结高危患者行胸降主动脉瘤(descending thoracic aortic aneurysm,DTAA)腔内修复治疗(endovascular aneurysm repair,EVAR)的经验。方法回顾分析2001年1月至2007年7月我科24例高危DTAA患者行EVAR诊治经过、结果和并发症。所有患者因动脉瘤部位、破裂、高龄或严重合并症而不适合行开放手术。EVAR术后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月和每年行螺旋CT血管造影、三维重建随访。结果所有患者均获技术成功(100%)。围手术期死亡2例(8.3%),分别死于多系统器官功能衰竭和急性心肌梗死。2例(8.3%)术后发生严重并发症(1例缺血性脑卒中和1例急性肾功能不全)。11例(46%)术后即时造影显示近端Ⅰ型内漏,其中3例内漏量大,行球囊扩张后内漏消失;另8例随访观察。19例患者获随访,随访时间为1~60个月(平均18.6±4.2个月)。1例患者术后4年发生支架型人工血管移位并发Ⅰ型内漏,1例术后2年出现迟发性Ⅲ型内漏,均成功行EVAR。1例死于结肠癌。其余患者术后3个月CT证实瘤腔内完全血栓形成,无支架移位和内漏。随访期间动脉瘤最大直径缩小0~18 mm(平均6.3±3.1 mm),4例辅助性动脉旁路在随访期间人工血管均通畅。结论EVAR治疗高危DTAA早期死亡率和并发症发生率尚可接受,对某些病例可能是首选治疗方法。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复技术在90岁以上老年患者中应用的评价

目的探讨年龄逾90岁的腹主动脉瘤（AAA）患者行腔内修复术治疗的安全性和有效性。方法 2003年5月至2011年3月,12例年龄逾90岁的AAA患者接受主动脉腔内修复技术（EVAR）治疗,其中急诊手术2例。平均年龄（91.7±1.5）岁,其中11例为男性（91.7%）。统计技术成功率、围手术期并发症、死亡率;术后3,6,9,12个月及每年进行随访,进行CT或超声检查。结果 7例行全身麻醉,5例行局部麻醉,技术成功率为100%,无中转开刀手术患者;2例采用Endurant支架,4例采用Talent支架,6例采用Zenith支架;手术时间（3.4±1.3）h,出血量（220.5±60.5）ml,术后住院时间（8.4±2.3）d;30d死亡率为8.3%,1年死亡率为16.7%,3年死亡率为41.7%,5年死亡率为75%;11例术后30d仍存活的患者,平均术后生存时间为28.5个月（9～73个月）。结论对于年龄逾90岁的AAA患者,EVAR手术成功率高,围手术期死亡率和并发症发生率低,但从中远期结果来看部分患者的手术获益是有限的,因此术前个体化评估十分重要。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后Ⅱ型内漏的诊疗进展

腹主动脉腔内修复术(endovascular aneurysm repair,EVAR)是腹主动脉瘤最常用的术式,适用于瘤体直径>5.5cm,有伴随症状,或者6个月内瘤体直径增长>0.5 cm的患者[1]。由于围手术期死亡率低、并发症少以及住院时间短,目前70%的腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)动脉瘤患者采用EVAR。然而,一些报道证实了腔内手术再次介入率明显高于开放手术,大部分原因是内漏形成。其中II型内漏(type 2 endoleaks,T2EL)最为常见。在10%~44%的腔内修复术后可见,占内漏的10%~25%[2]。T2EL形成主要原因是肠系膜下动脉、腰动脉血液逆流进入动脉瘤囊腔,同时在骶正中动脉及副肾动脉也可以发生逆流形成内漏。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后非计划再次手术22例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术后非计划再次手术的临床特点.方法 对2003年3月～2013年3月收治的22例腹腔镜胆囊切除术后非计划再次手术的病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果 导致非计划再次手术的原因为发生并发症17例（77.27％）,术中漏诊3例（13.64％）,术中处置不当2例（9.09％）.结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除患者术前应尽可能全面检查、注意鉴别诊断,术中全面细致探查、正确操作减少漏诊和误诊,术后密切观察、及时处理,尽可能避免术后非计划再次手术的发生.     

腔内隔绝术在复杂型腹主动脉瘤中的应用

目的探讨复杂型腹主动脉瘤(AAA)采用腔内修复(EVAR)治疗的操作要点和临床疗效的分析。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2016年6月安徽医科大学第一附属医院血管外科收治的27例腹主动脉瘤患者的临床资料,分为复杂型腹主动脉瘤组和普通型腹主动脉瘤组,对两组患者的术前一般资料、围手术期治疗及术后随访的进行对比分析研究。结果两组患者在疼痛症状的百分比、平均动脉瘤动脉瘤长度以及手术时长方面的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);围手术期及术后随访中术后内漏、并发症及死亡率方面的两组患者之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术对于复杂型腹主动脉瘤患者而言是一种切实可行的治疗方法。普通腹主动脉瘤和复杂型腹主动脉瘤患者之间在术前资料、围手术期和术后随访等大部分临床资料之间的差异无显著统计学意义。     

再次心脏手术行三尖瓣瓣膜置换患者的术后重症监护要点

目的 探讨再次心脏手术行三尖瓣瓣膜置换术的患者术后重症监护的要点.方法 对49例再次心脏手术行三尖瓣瓣膜置换术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,着重分析其术后重症监护措施.结果 49例患者中治愈出院38例,死亡11例.结论 加强此类患者的术后重症监护措施可以降低术后并发症的发生率和死亡率,促进疾病康复.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。