三瓣膜置换中用自体心包片加宽升主动脉及主动脉瓣环…

２例风湿性心脏病联合瓣膜病变的患者，在置换主动脉瓣，二尖瓣，三尖瓣的同时，用自体心包片加宽升主动脉及主动脉瓣环，所采用的术式在Ｎｉｃｋｓ术式的基础上有所改进，更适用于多瓣膜置换，手术费时长及术前未能充分估计升主动脉细小及主动瓣环狭窄者。     

自体肺动脉瓣移植术治疗先天性主动脉瓣病变

目的　总结自体肺动脉瓣移植手术 (Ross手术 )治疗先天性主动脉瓣病变的疗效。方法　自 1994年 10月至 2 0 0 3年 11月 ,共收治 2 0例先天性主动脉瓣病变患者行Ross手术治疗 ,其中男 15例 ,女 5例 ,平均年龄 2 5岁 ;术前诊断 :主动脉瓣二瓣畸形 12例 ,主动脉瓣叶脱垂 5例 ,瓣叶发育不良 3例 ,合并亚急性细菌性心内膜炎 4例 ,合并室间隔缺损 2例。术前超声心动图检查 (UCG)示所有患者均存在主动脉瓣狭窄或 /并关闭不全 (中重度 )。左心室舒张末内径 (LVDD) (6 0 5 1±11 87)mm ,主动脉瓣跨瓣压差 (2 7 0 4± 6 80 )mmHg。心功能 (NYHA分级 )Ⅱ级 17例 ,Ⅲ级 3例。所有病例均在全麻体外循环中度低温下进行 ,手术分三步进行 :(1)采取自体肺动脉瓣 ;(2 )切除病变的主动脉瓣并移植自体肺动脉瓣于主动脉位 ;(3)利用同种动脉瓣重建右心室流出道。结果　全组患者无手术死亡 ;左心室舒张末内径明显缩小 ,为 (46 38± 9 17)mm (t=3 4 0 0 7,P =0 0 0 0 8) ,术后主动脉跨瓣压差降至正常范围 (6 80± 0 19)mmHg。术后随访 3个月至 9年 ,所有患者的主动脉瓣、肺动脉瓣结构及功能正常。结论　自体肺动脉瓣移植手术是一种临床疗效好的治疗先天性主动脉瓣病变的手术方法 ,近中期效果良好。     

应用自体心包瓣置换术治疗主动脉瓣病变

目的　报告无支架自体心包瓣置换主动脉瓣手术的临床应用效果。　方法　11例单纯主动脉瓣病变患者行自体心包瓣置换主动脉瓣手术,术后定期随访。　结果　11例均存活,顺利出院,随访时间5～30个月,平均随访时间24.2±5.6个月。1例因中等量反流而行二次手术,其余10例心包瓣膜功能良好。　结论　该手术是一种治疗单纯主动脉瓣病变较为理想的方法,术后患者无需长期抗凝,手术近期效果满意,远期效果有待进一步随访。     

自体心包片下腔静脉重建

目的 探讨自体心包片腔静脉成形（APPC）或下腔静脉重建（RIVC）的治疗方法、适应证、临床价值和注意事项。方法 自1986年5月至1998年6月我们完成了APPC治疗下腔静脉（IVC）－肝静脉（HV）狭窄39例和自体心包成管代血管IVC移植治疗IVC闭塞或缺损3例。所有病例均采用常温IVC血流阻断或IVC气囊导管转流下，经右胸腔切开IVC，同时施行直视根治术切除梗阻病灶。结果 42例手术患者，手术死亡2例（手术死亡率4.76%)，40例痊愈出院（治愈率95.24%)。术后随访13－96个月。37例典型症状体征消失，B超和IVC造影证实IVC－HV通畅良好者37例，术后18个月显示IVC狭窄1例，2例于术后2－4个月发现IVC血栓形成。结论 自体心包片下腔静脉重建是治疗IVC－HV狭窄或闭塞的有效的外科疗法，可使病人迅速康复，并显著改善生活质量。     

自体心包片加宽瓣膜面积的二尖瓣成形术

目的 总结自体心包片加宽瓣膜面积的二尖瓣成形术的临床疗效,探讨其手术技巧和适应证.方法 2004年7月至2008年6月治疗45例单纯二尖瓣瓣膜病变病人,二尖瓣狭窄10例,关闭不全35例,其中先天性8例,风湿性21例,退行性7例,感染性心内膜炎9例.应用自体心包片行后瓣叶加宽14例,前瓣叶加宽8例,前、后瓣叶都加宽23例;镜式成形12例;人工腱索12例,腱索转移6例,乳头肌开窗4例.全部病例均瓣环成形,应用Duran环16例,Carpentier环29例.并比较手术前、后心功能变化.结果 无死亡病例.1例风湿性瓣膜闭合不好,术中改瓣膜置换术.术中食管超声示二尖瓣无反流38例,少量反流6例;二尖瓣有效瓣口面积平均(2.8±0.6)cm~2,跨瓣压差平均(6.21 ±1.34)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).平均随访(18.0±2.1)个月.复查超声示二尖瓣无反流35例,少量反流9例.有效瓣12面积平均(2.5±0.8)cm~2,跨瓣压差平均(7.21±0.45)mmHg,均无需再手术.术前、术后左心室舒张末期内径(56±6)mm对(48±7)mm,P<0.05;射血分数(0.45±0.23)对(0.51±0.24),P<0.05;左心房内径(62±23)mm对(50±11)mm,P<0.05.心功能明显改善,瓣膜功能好.结论 自体心包片加宽瓣膜面积补偿瓣叶和(或)腱索的短缩,增加瓣叶活动,增加瓣膜闭合面积,结合瓣环成形,临床疗效肯定.手术操作简单,且自体心包相容性好,术后无需抗凝.     

单个主动脉瓣叶牛心包置换术治疗儿童室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣反流

目的 探讨儿童单个主动脉瓣叶牛心包置换在室间隔缺损合并严重主动脉瓣反流患儿中的疗效。 方法回顾性分析2006年3月至2009年9月武汉亚洲心脏病医院室间隔缺损合并严重主动脉瓣关闭不全42例患儿行单个主动脉瓣叶牛心包置换术的临床资料。其中男28例、女14例,平均年龄2～14 （9.0±3.6） 岁。所有心功能分级（NYHA）均为Ⅱ级。 结果 手术没有死亡以及并发症的发生。术后即刻经食管超声心动图提示手术成功修复主动脉瓣,瓣叶均对合正常。所有患者主动脉瓣反流均在轻度以内,跨主动脉瓣峰压差为（14.2±2.8） mm Hg。住院时间11 d,没有任何不良症状。全组患者随访32～72 （50±16） 个月。术后心功能均为Ⅰ级,无反流17例,轻度反流21例,中度反流4例。跨主动脉瓣峰压差为（12.4±3.2） mm Hg。随访中无死亡和需要二次手术患者。随访观察中未见牛心包瓣叶结构性衰败。 结论 对于室间隔缺损合并重度主动脉瓣关闭不全的患者,单个主动脉瓣叶牛心包置换术具有良好的血流动力学和中期效果。     

自体肺动脉瓣替换主动脉瓣

自体肺动脉瓣替换主动脉瓣伍火志述李温仁审校由于人工合成瓣膜的缺点［１］和同种瓣膜的缺点［２］，使自体瓣膜成为有吸引力的代用品。１９６０年Ｌｏｗｅｒ等［３］将狗的肺动脉瓣移植到降主动脉并获得成功。Ｐｉｌｌｓｂｕｒｙ等［４］用动物自体的肺动脉瓣替换主动脉...     

自体心包片成形法治疗静脉药瘾者右心内膜炎五例

静脉药瘾者心内膜炎(VDIE)是因静脉滥用毒品所致感染性心内膜炎，部分患者药物治疗难以控制，需手术治疗。我院自1999年1月至2003年9月应用自体心包片行三尖瓣成形治疗5例，报道如下。     

错位折叠法矫治主动脉瓣脱垂伴关闭不全

2002年5月至2005年12月，我们采用主动脉瓣错位折叠成形方法治疗8例室间隔缺损（室缺）合并主动脉瓣脱垂和关闭不全病儿，临床效果满意，现总结报道如下。     

室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣脱垂与关闭不全的外科治疗

报告１０例室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣关闭不全与脱垂的临床特点及治疗方法。发病率占同期室间隔缺损修补术的３．２％，其中８例行主动脉瓣成形术；１例主动脉瓣替换术；１例单纯室间隔缺损修补。手术效果满意。我们对发病机制，不同类型的主动脉瓣病变采用不同的手术方法进行了分析和讨论。     

获得性主动脉瓣瓣膜病变的整形手术

目的为了恢复主动脉瓣的功能,总结４０例获得性主动脉瓣整形术的经验。方法对４０例获得性主动脉瓣病变进行整形手术,包括主动脉瓣边缘楔形削除、交界切开、钙化灶清除、穿孔修补及自体心包加宽瓣叶等整形手术。结果手术死亡率５％。单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全组术后反流面积明显减少;单纯主动脉瓣狭窄组或狭窄合并关闭不全组术后跨瓣压差明显下降,而后者反流加重。结论在获得性主动脉瓣病变中,瓣膜条件尚好的单纯关闭不全或狭窄可行整形矫正,而狭窄合并关闭不全者行整形难以恢复正常瓣膜功能     

Aortic Valve Replacement With Patch Enlargement of the Aortic Annulus

Background. Aortic annulus enlargement has long been advocated for the placement of valve prostheses larger than otherwise would have been possible. Little information exists, however, on the short- and long-term outcome of this surgical procedure.

Methods. We performed a retrospective review of 530 patients enrolled in a registry for patients who underwent aortic valve replacement using the Hancock II bioprosthesis and were followed up prospectively over the course of 11 years at a single institution. In an effort to avoid prosthetic valve-patient mismatch, the aortic annulus was enlarged in 98 patients (18%). Short- and long-term outcome was analyzed.

Results. Enlargement of the aortic annulus during aortic valve replacement increased the operative mortality rate from 3.5% to 7.1%, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.10). The long-term survival of patients who had annulus enlargement was similar to that of patients who did not. Because there were differences in the clinical profile of patients who had annulus enlargement and those who did not, a case-control study was carried out. This study showed similar long-term survival, freedom from valve-related and cardiac death, and combined end points in the two groups of patients.

Conclusion. Aortic annulus enlargement increased the operative mortality of aortic valve replacement. However, patients who underwent enlargement of a small aortic annulus had long-term survival and freedom from cardiac and valve-related death comparable to those of patients who received larger aortic prostheses.     

A Safer Technique of Aortic Root Replacement After Aortic Valve Replacement

Aortic root replacement after aortic valve replacement (AVR) is often complicated by bleeding around the aortic root, which increases the risk of morbidity and mortality, making it a technically challenging procedure. We describe a new technique of aortic root replacement designed to minimize bleeding around the aortic root. This surgical technique focuses on safe dissection and exposure of the aortic root to avoid inadvertent entry into the right atrium or right ventricle; on modifying the proximal anastomosis of the graft to the aortic annulus; and on performing a coronary artery reimplantation that achieves complete hemostasis at the suture lines. We performed aortic root replacement after AVR in four patients over a 4-year period, without encountering any bleeding around the aortic root.     

Aortic Surgery After Previous Procedure of Congenital Aortic Stenosis

Irrespective of previous procedure in congenital aortic stenosis, aortic surgery later in life may be indicated. The aim of the present study was the analysis of indications, risks, and outcomes of aortic surgery after previous aortic valve procedure. The data of patients who underwent aortic surgery after previous treatment of congenital aortic stenosis in a 10‐year period (from 2000 to 2009) were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty‐two patients (23 male and 9 female) underwent redo aortic surgery. The mean age at surgery was 13.5 ± 11.3 years. Seventeen patients had undergone initial aortic balloon valvuloplasty (BVP) and 15 patients open commissurotomy (COM). Nine cases had undergone the primary procedure at neonatal age and two patients had undergone cardiac surgery before the initial aortic valve procedure. Seven of the patients with previous COM (43.8%) had undergone concomitant surgery along with initial commissurotomy. A reintervention within the first year after the primary procedure was performed in seven patients (seven after BVP and none after COM; P < 0.05). The interval between the last intervention and the first redo aortic surgery was 7.5 ± 9.5 years (3.1 ± 3.5 years after BVP vs. 12.5 ± 11.7 years after COM; P < 0.05). A second redo surgery was performed in nine patients (four after initial BVP and five after COM). Congenital aortic stenosis is very often presented in combination with additional pathologies. These concomitant diseases along with the underlying disease give the indication for reoperation. Reinterventions are more often indicated after primary BVP. Long follow‐up in specialized centers is mandatory.     

涤纶补片双悬吊固定治疗高龄直肠子宫双脱垂9例分析

目的探讨涤纶补片双悬吊治疗高龄直肠子宫双脱垂的可行性与安全性。方法 1995年1月~2012年10月收治直肠子宫双脱垂高龄患者9例,平均年龄82.7(78~90)岁,采用涤纶补片双悬吊法进行治疗。首先分离直肠上段后壁至直肠子宫凹陷平面,用7 cm×10 cm大涤纶补片包绕直肠后壁2/3肠腔并间断缝合固定在直肠壁上,将涤纶补片悬吊固定于骶胛前,再将双侧子宫角的输卵管及圆韧带缝扎上提固定在直肠前侧壁的补片上。结果本组术程平均出血30.4(20~50)ml,平均手术时间1.8(1.5~2)h。术后所有患者均恢复良好,下床活动时间平均4.5(3~5)d,胃肠功能恢复时间平均3.5(2~4)d,术后平均住院时间7.5(6~11)d,术后7~9 d伤口拆线后出院,围手术期无死亡病例。术后9例均获得随访,平均随访2.8(1~6)年。尿失禁经过术后功能锻炼均能自主排尿,患者生活质量明显改善,无复发,均未出现补片侵蚀肠管及子宫并发症。结论涤纶补片双悬吊治疗高龄直肠子宫双脱垂患者是一种安全有效的方法,值得临床推广应用。     

无支架异种生物瓣膜主动脉瓣替换术后左室功能变化

评价无支架异种生物瓣膜主动脉瓣替换术后２年左室功能的变化。将８０例同期施行主动脉瓣替换病人分为２组，５０例（年龄６９．３±９．３岁）应用ＴｏｒｏｎｔｏＳＰＶＴＭ瓣；３０例（年龄７１．６±７．７岁）作为对照组接受支架人工瓣膜替换。术前、术后１、６、１２及２４个月间记录Ｍ型及Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ超声心动图，采用计算机图像数字分析，定量测定左室功能的变化。随访期间，Ｔｏｒｏｎｔｏ组主动脉瓣跨瓣压差为０．８±０．６ｋＰａ（６．０±４．５ｍｍＨｇ），明显低于对照组２．３±０．９ｋＰａ（１７．３±６．８ｍｍＨｇ）；术后１个月，左室心肌质量下降２５％，左室＋Ｖｃｆ及－Ｖｃｆ明显增加（２．０±０．８／１．４±０．３ｓ－１，Ｐ＜０．０１；２．８±１．２／１．８±０．７ｓ－１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。术后６个月，左室功能进一步改善，心室肥厚的消退更趋完全，该变化在其后的随访期间保持稳定。结论：与支架瓣膜相比，无支架异种生物瓣膜具有较大瓣口开放面积及低跨瓣压差，这促进了术后左室功能的恢复及病理性肥厚的逆转     

非原位主动脉瓣置换术治疗主动脉瓣环严重毁损性病变的方法与疗效

目的总结非原位主动脉瓣置换术(AVR)的方法和疗效。方法 2008年3月至2010年12月第二军医大学长海医院收治5例主动脉瓣环严重毁损患者,男4例,女1例;平均年龄46.3(38～53)岁。AVR术后并发严重瓣周漏再次手术4例(白塞氏病2例、大动脉炎2例),严重主动脉瓣感染性心内膜炎1例。术中发现主动脉瓣环严重毁损,无法施行常规AVR,改行非原位AVR,即将人工主动脉瓣环固定的位置提高到毁损的主动脉瓣环以上,固定人工瓣环的缝线从主动脉腔外进针、腔内出针。必要时行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)。结果 5例手术患者均顺利康复出院,无出血再次手术或其它并发症。术后5例患者均获得随访,生存良好,心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ～Ⅱ级;分别于术后6个月(4例)、1年(2例)和3年(1例)行主动脉心脏三维CT成像(CTA)检查,均未见有主动脉根部瘤或假性动脉瘤形成,显示左心室流出道延长,左、右冠状动脉形态良好。心脏超声心动图检查均未发现有瓣周漏。结论对主动脉瓣环毁损严重的患者采用非原位AVR,人工瓣膜固定可靠,可以防止术后并发瓣周漏或根部假性动脉瘤。     

Operative Outcome of Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement Versus Standard Procedure

Background: to determine the advantages and/or risks of minimal access aortic valve replacement compared to standard sternotomy procedure.

Methods: from January 1997 to December 2001, 271 consecutive adult patients underwent isolated aortic valve replacement of which 174 underwent a minimal access procedure (Group 1) and 97 a standard procedure (Group 2).The preoperative variables of both groups were comparable. Retrospective analysis of postoperative outcome was performed. Results: follow-up was complete and ranged from 6 months to 4 years. Overall in-hospital mortality was 3.3% (respectively 2.8 and 4.1%). No statistical difference was noted regarding operative time variables, mortality rate and hospital stay. There was a significant higher incidence of revision (p = 0.018) and late pericardial effusion (p = 0.022) in the minimal access group. Also trends were in favour of the standard group for incidence of postoperative pneumothorax and pericarditis constrictiva.

Conclusions: minimal access aortic valve replacement is a safe and reliable technique, but carries the risk of incision-related morbidity. Proper patient selection and perioperative management is mandatory.