四川乐山市人民医院738例住院眼外伤分析

目的 分析5年间住院眼外伤患者的相关因素。方法 回顾性统计5年间住院眼外伤患者资料。分别逐年比较分析眼外伤所占比例、性别、年龄、眼别、外伤后就诊时间、外伤类型、致伤物、并发症、治疗前后视力等情况。结果 5年来住院眼外伤738例（764只眼）占眼科住院总人数的6．45％,眼外伤所占比例逐年降低。男女之比为4．31：1,左右眼比例相近,受伤年龄段主要为41～60岁,其次为19～40岁。外伤后就诊时间在1d以内者占62．74％。主要致伤物为钝器,其次为锐器及爆炸物。主要外伤类型：眼挫伤占38．64％,角巩膜穿孔伤占17．17％,角膜穿孔伤占11．87％。以前房积血、晶状体脱位、继发性青光眼、外伤性白内障和玻璃体积血为主要并发症。治疗前盲目占68．97％,治疗后盲目占45．15％。眼球摘除61眼,占7．98％。结论 建议加强眼外伤预防知识宣传,做好预防工作,及时有效救治,提高眼外伤一期和二期诊治水平,以降低致盲率。     

儿童眼外伤95例统计分析

目的探讨儿童眼外伤的临床特点,总结分析儿童眼外伤治疗要点。方法对95例（97眼）住院儿童眼外伤病例进行整理,统计,分析。结果儿童眼外伤占住院眼外伤的30．25％,男女之比约为9：1,年龄以8～14岁组最多（47．37％）。致伤原因依次为锐器伤、爆炸伤、钝挫伤、动物伤、枪弹伤,其中金属锐器伤最多（67．37％）。儿童眼外伤主要损伤部位在角巩膜,主要并发症为虹膜脱出及白内障。感染的发生与致伤物的性质和就诊时间有关,就诊时间愈早,感染的发生率愈低。结论眼外伤对儿童视力危害较大,是儿童单眼致盲的主要原因。儿童眼外伤不可轻易摘除眼球;伤后应及时处理以减少并发症,并注意恢复双眼单视。     

167例眼球穿孔伤及其致盲原因分析

眼球穿孔伤是较常见的眼外伤，是致盲的主要原因之一，处理及时正确能减少百目的发生。现将我院眼球穿孔伤盲目原因分析如下。临床资料：1988－1994年的7年间，我科收治眼球穿孔伤167例（172眼），占住院眼外伤总数的45．75％。右叨眼，左76服，双眼爆炸伤5例。男135例，女32例。年龄11月～77岁。致伤以学龄前儿童最多占37．7％，其次为农民，工人和学生等。职业以生活伤最多为％例占58．4％，工业伤和农业伤次之。其中盲目65眼占刀．刀％。盲目与致伤关系：锐利铁器伤67眼，盲目7眼，占25．对叽；植物伤25眼，盲目13眼占52％；碎五伤力眼，…     

高原眼外伤发病情况的探讨

目的探讨高原眼外伤的特点,以便更好的防治。方法对7个月间住院的闭合性和开放性眼外伤107例,进行回顾性临床分析。结果高原眼外伤发生率高,眼外伤占同期住院总例数的50．95％;外伤伤情严重,治疗前视力低于0．05者占66．67％。致伤原因有其特殊性：就诊时间晚,最晚者伤后10d,平均（30．36±4．66）h;年龄偏小,平均年龄（30．80±1．33）岁,年龄最小者仅9个月;治疗后果差,治疗后视力低于0．05者仍占43．14％。结论应加强高原地区眼外伤防护知识及医疗技术支持。     

眼外伤150例临床统计分析

目的探讨常熟市眼外伤发生特点、致伤原因、治疗、结果。方法对150例（157眼）眼外伤者性别、年龄、致伤原因、并发症及治疗前后视力等资料进行回顾性统计学分析。结果150例眼外伤中,男女比例为3．55：1。各年龄段均有眼外伤。开放性眼外伤80例（80眼）,眼球挫伤70例（77眼）。致伤原因以木块弹伤、金属丝刺伤、金属碎屑溅伤、混凝土块击伤常见。并发症中以前房积血、外伤性白内障、晶状体半脱位、玻璃体积血多见。治疗前盲目率为64．3％,治疗后为22．3％,明显下降。结论眼外伤多发生在户外建筑施工或工厂机械制造工作中,绝大多数是可以预防的,及时有效的诊治、加强生产生活安全教育和工作防护是预防眼外伤的重要环节。     

广东顺德乐从3720例农民工眼外伤分析

目的探讨农民工眼外伤的临床特点及防治方法。方法对广东佛山市乐从镇3720例（4160眼）农民工眼外伤患者的的致伤眼别、致伤地点、原因、眼部主要临床表现、并发症、视力、治疗方法及结果等因素进行统计分析。结果农民工眼外伤患者3720例（4160眼）,男性3103例（3420眼）,女性617例（740眼）．男：女=5．03：1。患者年龄为16～60岁,平均年龄为25岁,受伤高峰年龄在16～45岁。受伤眼别以单眼伤为主。患者受伤地点主要发生在工作场所,受伤后至就诊的间隔时间平均为108h。在门诊诊治的3295例（3718眼）患者中,主要致伤原因是敲击或异物溅入伤,主要致伤性质为角结膜异物[2478眼（占66．65％）]。收住入院425例（442眼）,总住院率为11．42％;其中,住院患者主要致伤性质为眼球穿通伤132眼（29．86％）,其次为球（眶）内异物和外伤性白内障。住院后视力提高者198例（210眼）,占47．51％。眼外伤所引起的并发症很多,以外伤性葡萄膜炎、白内障、屈光介质混浊最常见。结论农民工眼外伤大多数与工作有关,通过加强防护措施和提高防护意识是可以预防和避免的。     

儿童眼外伤致视功能障碍的临床分析

目的分析与总结儿童眼外伤致视功能障碍的原因、治疗及预后。方法对1995年1月至2004年12月期间我院收治人院的儿童眼外伤致视功能障碍512例（568眼）的性别、年龄、受伤原因、致伤性质、并发症及视力改变等因素进行统计学分析。结果512例（568眼）儿童眼外伤中，男：女为3．9：1，多发于学龄前期年龄组，致伤性质以钝器伤、锐器伤及爆炸伤为多见，致盲率为13．03％，经治疗后脱盲率为59．34％，眼球（内容）摘除32眼，占5．63％。结论眼外伤可造成儿童严重视功能障碍，加强宣教和及时有效的处理眼外伤可减少儿童眼外伤的发生、发展。     

煤矿区216例眼外伤的相关因素探讨

目的分析对煤矿工人眼外伤各种相关因素,探讨矿区眼外伤的发生规律。方法2008年1月至2013年1月煤矿工人眼外伤住院216例（287只眼）的多种相关因素进行临床分析。结果男女比例为71：1。右眼：左眼为1：1．158。年龄19～55岁平均为（34．57±3．83）岁。致伤原因：爆炸伤、高压喷枪冲击致伤、硬物砸伤、铁丝崩伤、飞屑崩伤等。致伤物：雷管、瓦斯爆炸,高压水、风或煤浆冲击,煤块、矸石及铁器砸伤等。致伤性质：眼球挫伤、眼球穿孔伤、眼部爆炸伤及化学性烧伤等。就诊时间：最多为眼外伤后6h内就诊者149例,占68．98％。结论从矿区眼外伤的各种相关因素的分析中可知大部分眼外伤是可以预防的,以及预防的意义。伤后及时救治,可减少眼外伤致盲率、眼球摘除率。     

眼外伤201眼临床观察

目的分析眼外伤的常见原因，总结治疗经验。方法对眼外伤201眼进行回顾性总结，包括致伤原因、临床表现、治疗等。结果最常见的致伤原因为拳击伤87眼（43．28％），最常见的损伤为前房积血118眼（58．71％）。视力恢复≥1．0者89眼（44．28％）。结论根据受伤原因和伤情给予不同的及时对症处理，使患者最大限度的恢复视力。     

陕西地区514例儿童眼外伤临床分析

目的分析儿童眼外伤发生的临床特征及规律。方法收集近5年（2006至2010年）住院的儿童眼外伤514例（525眼）,对其临床特点及诊治结果进行回顾性分析。结果男女比例为4．65：1;发病高峰位于4—8岁年龄段。致伤原因中锐器伤所占的比率高于钝器伤及爆炸伤。损伤类型中角膜穿孔伤占46．89％,居首位,其次为巩膜、眼睑裂伤。致伤物以竹签、剪刀等锐器比例最高,占42．58％。致伤时间分布无明显差异,但春节所在的一二月份相对较高。经治疗后盲目者占40．30％。结论儿童眼外伤致盲率高,临床特征与成人眼外伤有显著区别。采取有针对性的预防措施可以降低儿童眼外伤的发生率。     

Pattern of ocular trauma in Egypt

Purpose To review the epidemiology of serious ocular trauma presenting to Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo University. Methods This is a prospective epidemiological and clinical study of ocular trauma patients admitted to Kasr El Aini hospital during a 6-month period; January–June 2000. Cases were analyzed with respect to: (1) demographics, (2) time, place and nature of trauma, (3) type of injury, (4) time to receive care, and (5) management and visual outcomes following primary repair. Results One hundred and fifty three eyes of 147 patients (six bilateral injuries) sustaining serious ocular injury requiring hospitalization were included during the study period. Eighty percent of ocular trauma occurred in men (P < 0.001 chi-square test) with an average age of 22 years (ranging from 2 months to 76 years). There were 123 (80.4%) open globe injuries and 30 (19.6%) closed globe injuries. Of the open globe injuries, 48 eyes (31.4% of all eyes) were ruptured globes and 75 eyes (49% of all eyes) were lacerated globes (37 intraocular foreign bodies, 35 penetrating injuries and three perforating injuries, that is 24%, 23%, and 2% respectively of all injured eyes). Of the closed globe injuries, 5.9% had hyphema (33% of all patients), 4% lamellar lacerations, and 2.5% vitreous hemorrhage with retinal detachment. Most of the injuries occurred (39.5%) and presented (36.7%) between 12:00–5:59 pm. Eighteen patients (12%) presented after 24 hours, and nine patients (6%) 1 week after the time of trauma. Presenting visual acuity in 123 patients (123 eyes) was as follows: 98 (80%), ten (8%) and 15 (12%) patients had poor, moderate and good visual acuity respectively. Ten eyes developed posttraumatic endophthalmitis (8% of open globe injuries). On leaving the hospital, 77.1% eyes had a visual acuity of less then 1/60 (poor), 3.9% were between 1/60 and 6/60 (moderate), and 19% were 6/36 and/or better (good). Fifty-two (35%) patients were lost in follow-up: at 1 month, 60%, 7% and 33% of the rest had poor, moderate and good visual acuity respectively. Conclusion The majority of ocular trauma in our population was due to assaultive injuries occurring mainly in males. Open globe injuries were more common than closed globe injuries, and globe lacerations were more common than ruptured globes. Open globe injuries, especially ruptured globes, had the worst visual outcomes. The initial visual acuity correlated well with the final visual acuity. Immediate and comprehensive medical care is mandatory for ocular trauma patients. Educating the public is essential if we wish to prevent eye injuries.     

Hospitalized eye injury in a Chinese urban population: a 7-year retrospective analysis

AIM: To present the epidemiology, cause of injury, ocular status and final visual acuity after management of severe ocular trauma required hospitalization during 7 years in a representative urban Chinese population. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the hospital admission files of ocular trauma patients admitted to the Daping hospital from January 2000 to December 2006 was carried out. RESULTS: A total of 268 patients were open-globe injury and the remaining 294 patients were closed-globe types. The most common causes of ocular injuries were metal (29.4%), explosive (14.6%) and stone (13.9%). And the visual outcomes of most of eye injury patients in this study were poor; half of injured eyes ended with visual acuity worse than 0.1. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic methods to ocular trauma make a great progress in recent years, but the visual outcomes are poor.     

中国城市人口需住院治疗的眼外伤病例回顾性分析

目的:阐明流行病学,眼外伤成因,严重眼外伤造成的视觉状况,在中国具有代表性的城市治疗7a后最终的视觉灵敏度。方法:大坪医院根据其2000-01/2006-12接收的眼外伤住院患者档案资料,开展了一项眼外伤临床案例回顾性分析活动。结果:开放性眼球损伤268例,其他294例为眼钝挫伤病例。眼外伤最常见的成因是金属(29.4%)、爆炸(14.6%)以及石头(13.9%)。在此次研究中,大多数的眼外伤患者最终的治疗结果并不乐观,他们当中,受过外伤的眼睛的最终视力治疗结果不及0.1。结论:眼外伤治疗方法在近几年中取得了很大的进展,但治疗结果不尽人意。     

Hospitalized eye injury in a Chinese urban population:a 7-year retrospective analysis

AIM:To present the epidemiology,cause of injury,ocular status and final visual acuity after management of severe ocular trauma required hospitalization during 7 years in a representative urban Chinese population. METHODS:A retrospective analysis of the hospital admission files of ocular trauma patients admitted to the Daping hospital from January 2000 to December 2006 was carried out. RESULTS:A total of 268 patients were open-globe injury and the remaining 294 patients were closed-globe types.The most common causes of ocular injuries were metal(29.4%), explosive(14.6%)and stone(13.9%).And the visual outcomes of most of eye injury patients in this study were poor;half of injured eyes ended with visual acuity worse than 0.1. CONCLUSION:Therapeutic methods to ocular trauma make a great progress in recent years,but the visual outcomes are poor.     

中国城市人口需住院治疗的眼外伤病例回顾性分析

目的：阐明流行病学,眼外伤成因,严重眼外伤造成的视觉状况,在中国具有代表性的城市治疗7a后最终的视觉灵敏度.方法：大坪医院根据其2000- 01/2006-12接收的眼外伤住院患者档案资料,开展了一项眼外伤临床案例回顾性分析活动.结果：开放性眼球损伤268例,其他294例为眼钝挫伤病例.眼外伤最常见的成因是金属（29.4%）、爆炸（14.6%）以及石头（13.9%）.在此次研究中,大多数的眼外伤患者最终的治疗结果并不乐观,他们当中,受过外伤的眼睛的最终视力治疗结果不及0.1.结论：眼外伤治疗方法在近几年中取得了很大的进展,但治疗结果不尽人意.     

Microperimetry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in myelinated retinal nerve fibers

AIM: To complete the data of ocular trauma in central China, as a well-known tertiary referral center for ocular trauma, we documented the epidemiological characteristics and visual outcomes of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in this region. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China from 2006 to 2011 was performed. RESULTS: This study included 5964 eyes of 5799 patients. The average age was 35.5±21.8y with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8:1. The most common age was 45-59y age group. Most patients were farmers and workers (51.9%). The most common injuries were firework related (24.5%), road traffic related (24.2%), and work related (15.0%). Among the most common causative agents were firecrackers (24.5%), followed by metal/knife/scissors (21.4%). Most injuries occurred in January (14.2%), February (27.0%), and August (10.0%). There were 8.5% patients with ocular injuries combined with other injuries. The incidence of open ocular injuries (4585 eyes, 76.9%) was higher than closed ocular injuries (939 eyes, 15.7%). The incidences of chemical and thermal ocular injuries were 1.2% and 0.6%. Ocular trauma score (OTS) predicted final visual acuity at non light perception (NLP), 20/200-20/50 and 20/40 with a sensitivity of 100%, and light perception (LP)/hand motion (HM) and 1/200-19/200 with a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides recent epidemiological data of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China. Some factors influencing the visual outcome include time interval between injury and visit to the clinic, wound location, open or closed globe injury, initial visual acuity, and OTS.     

眼外伤相关性青光眼的临床分析

目的分析外伤性青光眼的发病原因及相应的治疗方法。方法选取2008年7月至2012年12月在我院确诊的眼外伤继发的青光眼病例,根据发病原因不同,采取药物及手术治疗,记录视力提高及眼压下降的情况。结果根据受伤后引起青光眼的临床原因分类,其中眼内积血55例,前房角挫伤31例,晶状体损伤源性6例,眼内炎症/外伤性虹膜睫状体炎3例。根据受伤原因及眼压下降情况分别予药物及手术治疗,随访6个月至2年,85例(89.5%)患眼眼压控制在正常范围,80例(84.2%)视力提高有不同程度的提高。结论选取合适的治疗方法,能有效的提高患者的视力及降低眼压,最大程度的维持患者的视功能。     

眼外伤后继发性青光眼87例临床分析

目的：分析眼外伤后继发性青光眼的主要病因及治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析我院2008-06/2010-06收治的87例87眼眼外伤后继发性青光眼患者的临床资料和治疗方法。结果：眼外伤后继发性青光眼可由多种原因引起,主要原因包括眼内出血40眼（46%）、晶状体源性27眼（31%）、前房角挫伤14眼（16%）、眼内炎症6眼（7%）,根据不同的眼外伤原因制定不同的治疗方案,经药物和手术治疗后随访3～12mo,79眼眼压控制在正常水平,控制率为91%;视力提高91%。结论：眼外伤后继发性青光眼的发病原因及机制比较复杂,应根据不同的病因及时治疗,控制眼压,提高视力。     

严重眼雷管爆炸伤特点及玻璃体切割手术疗效观察

目的 观察眼球严重雷管爆炸伤的特点以及2期玻璃体切割手术治疗的效果。方法 回顾分析37例雷管爆炸伤患者65只眼的临床资料。男性36例,女性1例;平均年龄28.6岁。双眼伤31例,占83.8%;单眼伤6例,占16.2%。48只眼为严重爆炸伤眼,视力无 感9只眼,其中3只眼明显萎缩;光感28只眼;眼前手动4只眼;数指/33cm 7只眼。46只眼行玻璃体切割手术治疗,其中41只眼为严重爆炸伤眼。未行手术治疗的19眼中13只眼无玻璃体手术指征;6只眼因眼球萎缩或经济原因放弃手术治疗。就诊时间在伤后1周以内者7例,占18.9%;1周～1个月者13例,占35.2%;1个月以上者17例,占45.9%。手术后随访6个月～2年,平均随访时间8.6个月。结果 65只眼中结膜异物占66.2%;角膜异物占46.2%;玻璃体积血占70.8%;球内异物占69.2%。视网膜震荡伤或视神经冲击伤占56.9%。视力提高33只眼;不变25只眼;下降7只眼。46只玻璃体切割手术眼中,眼球内异物伤35只眼,占76.1%。视力提高26只眼,占59.5%;未提高13只眼,占28.3%;未治愈7只眼,占15.2%,其中眼球摘除2只眼,眼球萎缩5只眼。就诊时间超过1个月的患者手术后视力提高率低。单眼盲51.4%;双眼盲8.1%。结论 严重眼雷管爆炸伤大部为多发球内异物伤,就诊晚,伤情严重致盲率高,加强视网膜震荡和视神经冲击伤的诊治,尽早玻璃体切割手术可提高预后视功能。     

Ocular injuries and visual status before and after their management in the tribal areas of Western India-A historical cohort study

Background The authors present the epidemiology of ocular trauma and visual status before and after their management from 2003 to 2005 at a hospital in a tribal area of India. Methods This was a historical cohort study. Persons exposed to open and closed globe types of injuries were reviewed. Ophthalmologists examined patients with the help of bio-microscope and also noted their visual acuity. Ocular Injuries were classified according to Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS). Epidemiological profile, causes of injury, ocular status and visual gain after management were noted. Percentage scattergrams were plotted for both groups of injuries to evaluate visual gains. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the predictors of visual outcomes following ocular trauma management. Results Of the 2,607 persons with ocular trauma, ‘open globe’ and ‘closed globe’ types of injuries were found in 451 and 2,156 persons respectively. Within 24 hours of injury, only 1,355 patients (52%) had consulted ophthalmologists. Improvement in vision following management was noted in 133 persons (29.4%) with ‘open globe’ injuries and 217 persons (48.1%) with ‘closed globe’ injuries. In 845 patients (39.5%), vision could be retained at same level after management. Conclusions Agents and activities responsible for ocular injuries in our study differed from those reported in the industrialized countries. Late presentation was very common in our tribal area. Management improved the vision in eyes with trauma, but eyes with ‘closed globe’ type of ocular injuries had better results than ‘open globe’ type.