脾破裂后肝内异位脾种植

异位脾种植是指脾组织由于脾外伤或脾切除术所引起的自体种植.1937年,Shaw和Shafi[1]首次报道了1例发生于胸腔的异位脾种植.有关数据表明,67％的脾破裂患者会发生异位脾种植[2].其中多数病例没有临床症状,由术中病理或尸检发现,仅少部分病例出现腹部症状如腹痛、肠梗阻等.这无疑加大了临床诊断的难度.脾种植可发生于腹膜腔内的任何部位,但多发生于肠浆膜、肠系膜、大网膜、横膈膜、盆腔.发生于肝组织的脾种植较为罕见[3],易误诊为肝脏其他疾病,如肝脏肿瘤[4]、局灶性增生、血管瘤等.明确肝异位脾种植的特点,对该疾病的诊断与治疗具有重要意义.     

胸腔脾种植2例

胸腔脾种植是一种罕见的疾病，最常见于同时涉及脾脏和膈肌的胸腹联合伤后，自身脾组织在胸腔内异位生长而形成占位性病变，属于外伤后的罕见并发症。我们收治2例外伤性胸腔脾种植病人，现总结临床特点，供同道借鉴。     

不同原因异位脾脏2例报道

患者男性, 40岁, 胰腺内副脾。另1例患者男性, 55岁, 肝内及膈肌表面、肝肾间隙异位脾种植。2例患者均无特殊临床症状。术前影像学检查分别怀疑胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤及原发性肝癌。胰腺内副脾患者接受了腹腔镜胰体尾切除+脾切除术;异位脾种植患者先行腹腔镜探查, 切取部分腹腔结节术中冰冻病理证实为脾后结束手术, 避免了不必要的肝切除。     

脾切除术中医源性损伤的原因分析

目的　分析脾切除术中周围脏器损伤的原因。方法　回顾分析 1 8例脾切除术中周围脏器损伤的病例。结果　胰腺损伤 5例 ,胃损伤 4例 ,肝脏损伤 2例 ,结肠损伤 5例 ,膈肌损伤 1例 ,左肾损伤 1例。结论　发现脾切除术中周围脏器损伤的发生与脾脏的病理性改变如巨大脾、周围紧密粘连以及术者操作不够规范、细致有关     

膈肌异位脾种植一例诊治分析

1 病例资料 患者,男性,以"右上腹不适1个月,B超发现肝占位5d"入院.20年前因外伤导致脾破裂行脾切除术,入院查体未发现阳性体征,实验室化验检查均正常,无肝炎病史,AFP(-).B超提示:肝内实性结节;CT提示:肝右叶包膜下富血供结节,性质待定,建议穿刺(见封四,图1、2);MRI提示:肝右叶富血供占位病变,多考虑不典型增生结节,不除外肝癌(见封四,图3～5);术前拟在全麻下行肝脏肿瘤切除术,术中见肿瘤位于右侧膈肌,肿瘤压迫肝脏使肝脏表面形成凹陷,肿块嵌于肝脏,遂行膈肌肿瘤切除术,手术顺利.     

右侧肝膈疝合并肺内异位肝一例并文献复习

目的探讨肝膈疝合并肺内异位肝的诊疗方案。 方法回顾性分析1例右侧肝膈疝合并肺内异位肝患者的临床表现、影像学特征、手术治疗方案及病理，对异位肝进行相关的探讨及文献复习。 结果患者接受胸腔镜肺楔形切除术＋膈疝修补术，术中发现右肺下叶肿物，与疝入胸腔组织不连续。病理结果提示为异位肝组织。患者术后一年复查胸部CT未见异常，随访无特殊不适。 结论异位肝在临床上极为少见，病例结合相关文献复习，以提高对该病的认识，且腔镜微创手术不仅直观观察，也可直接切除明确诊断且治愈该病。     

胸腔脾种植

胸腔脾种植是指同时涉及脾脏和膈肌的胸腹联合伤或脾手术后 ,造成自身脾组织在胸腔内异位生长而形成的占位性病变 ,是外伤或脾手术后的罕见并发症。目前 ,胸腔内良、恶性病变在诊断、治疗和预后等方面有着巨大差异。因此 ,做好严格的术前检查与鉴别诊断 ,避免不必要的甚至过激的治疗 ,具有极其重要的临床意义。胸腔内占位性病变需要鉴别的疾病种类很多 ,现介绍胸腔脾种植供临床借鉴。一、胸腔脾种植的概念1937年Ｓｈａｗ等〔1〕首先在尸检中描述了创伤后胸腔脾种植。 2 0年后Ｓｋｉｎｎｅｒ等〔2〕 首次报道了胸腔脾种植的临床病例。此后 40…     

分裂肝合并肝内胆管结石1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨分裂肝解剖表现形式和胚胎发育过程。方法回顾性分析我院收治的1例完整分裂肝合并肝内胆管结石患者的相关临床资料及诊治经过,通过广泛地文献复习探讨其可能的发生机制。结果一名61岁女性患者因反复右上腹痛40年,加重1年入院。经常规体检及核磁共振检查考虑诊断为肝内胆管结石,拟行胆总管探查、左肝外叶切除术。术中发现肝脏左右两叶沿Cantlie线完整自然分裂为左右半肝,第一肝门处其他管道结构正常,膈肌及肝周韧带未发现明显缺损异常。结论该病例为首例完整分裂肝报道,在此基础上我们将肝脏解剖变异类型分为三类:第一类,肝叶缺失或肝叶发育不全;第二类,正常肝脏基础上出现副肝叶或异位肝组织;第三类,肝脏被膜或肝周韧带发育不全。我们推测其可能的成因是由于某些生化或生理因素作用下部分肝细胞索发育迟缓或左右发育不对称,肝脏被膜组织生长增快提前包裹肝细胞索,最终导致分裂肝的形成。     

用微波肝脏止血机行肝脏肿瘤手术13例报告

自1989年3月以来,我们应用与大连理工大学微波教研室及沈阳市大东区工会技协共同研制的WGZ-I型微波肝脏止血机,对13例肝脏肿瘤等病人,进行了肝切除术或肝肿瘤微波固化术。初步观察效果较为满意,报告如下。临床资料全组共13例,男7例,女6例。年龄37～67岁。疾病种类:原发性肝细胞癌7例,原发性肝内胆管上皮癌1例,肝转移癌1例(原发病为乙状结肠癌),肝门部胆管癌1例,肝海绵状血管瘤2例,膈肌异位副脾与肝粘连1例。全组病例诊断均经手术与病理证     

右侧肾上腺区脾种植1例

脾种植是自身脾组织在异位生长而形成的占位性病变。一般继发于外伤后，由于脾破裂脾组织碎屑种植于腹腔，逐渐建立血液供给促进脾脏组织发育，形成具有脾脏功能的自体异位脾组织。较常见的脾种植部位位于肠系膜、大网膜及盆腔，位于右侧肾上腺区的脾种植较为罕见，易误诊为右侧肾上腺肿瘤或肝脏肿瘤。今年我科收治1例右侧肾上腺区脾种植患者，现总结临床特点，报告如下。     

脾脏占位性病变的诊断和治疗：附22例报告

目的:探讨脾脏占位性病变的临床特点及诊治。方法:对1992年1月—2009年12月期间收治的22例脾脏占位患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:全组良性占位18例,其中脾囊肿4例,脾血管瘤11例,脾脓肿3例;恶性占位4例,其中恶性淋巴瘤2例,胰腺癌脾转移1例,胃癌术后肝脾转移1例。20例行全脾切除术,2例部分脾脏切除。2例恶性淋巴瘤和2例转移癌患者中1例失访,1例1年后死亡,1例2年后死亡,1例2年半后死亡,良性病变均痊愈。结论:脾脏占位性病变的诊断主要靠临床表现及影像学检查,良恶性可根据超声造影,CT或选择性脾动脉造影,治疗以外科手术为主,恶性占位应辅以放疗和化疗。     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤的诊治分析

目的：提高对肝内胆管囊腺瘤的认识。 方法：回顾性分析8年来收治的18例肝内胆管囊腺瘤患者的临床表现、影像特点及外科治疗的方式。 结果：4例为体检发现,其他14例均有不同症状,主要表现为右上腹不适或疼痛11例,腹部肿块3例,伴有黄疸发热等胆管炎症状2例。B超和CT提示肝内囊性占位性病变,可呈多囊或单囊,内壁可见乳头状物。均获得手术切除,18例肝内胆管囊腺瘤中6例发生癌变。 癌变者术后平均生存时间为35个月(27-58个月)。结论：术前确诊肝内胆管囊腺瘤困难,肝内胆管囊腺瘤易恶变,发现后应早期手术切除,可有效防止复发或恶变。     

脾脏肿瘤35例的临床诊治体会

目的：探讨原发性脾肿瘤和脾转移癌（metastatic carcinoma of the spleen, MCS）的临床诊断与治疗。方法：对35例经外科治疗并经病理证实的脾肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：增强CT检查对术前良恶性肿瘤鉴别准确率为85．7％，B超误诊率达20％。34例行手术探查，33例行脾切除或部分脾切除。术后病理显示，21例属原发性恶性肿瘤，其中以恶性淋巴瘤最常见，占80．9％；恶性淋巴瘤术后化疗，1年存活率为90．5％（19／21），3年存活率52．4％（11／21），1例术后9年仍存活。原发性血管内皮肉瘤和脾纤维肉瘤合并肝转移者各1例，手术介入治疗术后分别存活13个月和18个月。11例原发性良性肿瘤以血管瘤和淋巴管瘤为多见，分别占45．5％和27．3％，本组脾转移癌3例占8．5％（3／35），分别为胃癌脾转移、结肠癌脾转移和卵巢癌脾转移；2例于术后半年内死亡，1例术后14个月死亡。结论：原发性肿瘤以手术治疗为主．恶性淋巴瘤常需辅助性化疗。良性肿瘤术后无须特殊处理，瘤体小者行部分脾切除。早期发现、早期治疗才能提高脾脏原发性恶性淋巴肿瘤的生存率，对于MCS采取加强临床探查、结合影像学和病理检查可望提高检出率。     

Surgical resection of splenic metastasis from the adenosquamous gallbladder carcinoma: A case report

IntroductionSplenic metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma is extremely rare. Specific anatomical, histological, and functional properties of spleen are believed to be responsible for the rarity of solitary splenic metastasis.Presentation of caseWe present the case of a 62-year-old female who developed metachronous splenic metastasis of adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder. We performed central bisegmentectomy of the liver for gallbladder carcinoma. The patient subsequently presented 3 months later with isolated splenic metastasis and liver metastasis. Splenectomy and partial hepatectomy was performed at this time. Histological examination confirmed metastatic adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder. No signs of recurrence were observed at 3 months after the second surgery.DiscussionAlthough splenectomy provides a potential means of radical treatment in patients with isolated splenic metastases, it should be performed with caution as splenic metastatic lesions may represent the initial clinical manifestation of systemic metastases at multiple sites. In this case, radical surgery was performed following the confirmation of no new unresectable metastatic lesions or systemic dissemination.ConclusionThis is the first report on the adenosquamous splenic metastasis from the gallbladder carcinoma. Curative resection may be the treatment of choice for prolonging survival in patients with the splenic metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma.     

肝内钙化灶的临床分析

目的分析肝内钙化灶的临床和影像特征。方法对我科近6年来在住院病人中发现的17例肝内钙化灶临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果钙化灶单发6例，多发11例；位于肝右叶13例，左叶2例，左右叶均有2例；肝包膜下3例，肝实质内14例；直径5～40mm不等。B超表现为肝内强回声后方伴声影；CT表现为肝内极高密度影，CT值约100～200HU，明显高于肝组织及肝内胆管结石密度；ERCP、MRCP未见钙化灶所在区域肝内胆管扩张及充盈缺损。其中1例行肝右叶病灶局部切除，见钙化灶多发，呈乳白色，界限清楚，无包膜，质地较硬。结论肝内钙化灶是肝脏某些病变稳定或愈合后的一种病理改变，临床上易与肝内胆管结石混淆，典型的根据B超、CT表现可明确诊断。钙化灶形成后即稳定存在，对身体无明显不利影响，一般不需外科治疗。     

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??The clinical applicaion analysis of taken radiofrequency assisted partial splenectomy operations on patients with benign splenic space-occupying lesions XIAO Chang-wu*??QIU Rong??ZHANG Wei??LI Ning. *Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery??Suining Central Hospital??Suining 629000??China
Corresponding author??ZHANG Wei??E-mail??zw68229@sina.com
Abstract Objective To assess the feasibility??safty and clinical practicalty value of taken radiofrequency assisted partial splenectomy operations on patients with benign splenic space-occupying lesions. Methods The clinical data of 21 cases of taken radiofrequency assisted partial splenectomy operations on patients with benign splenic space-occupying lesions from September 2010 to February 2012 were retrospectively analyzed in Suining Central Hospital. These patients were the follows??Splenic non parasitic cysts in 11 cases??splenic hemangioma in 3 cases??splenic hematoma 5 cases??splenic epidermoid cyst in 1 cases??splenic abscess in 1 cases respectively. Results All of operations were completed smoothly??The average operative time was ??67.0±17.5??min and the average of intraoperative blood was ??55.7±10.3??ml. Patients in this group had a transient increase of temperature??but the conventional treatment or observation decreased to normal level a few days later. The complication rate in this group was 9.5% (2/21)??which 1 case of left pleural effusion??1 cases of splenic fossa effusion was observed after a few days??self absorption. The average duration of hospitalization was ??10.0±3.5??d. All patients were followed up and the period of following-up were 1~24 months. During hospitalization and follow-up??no serious complications such as bleeding, abdominal abscess, and thrombosis occurred. No overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) occurred??immunological examination showed normal spleen function in All patients. Conclusion Taken radiofrequency assisted partial splenectomy operations on patients with benign splenic space-occupying lesions is feasible??safe and practical which should be developed extensively in clinic.     

Experience with Benign Splenic Disease

Purpose : In the ongoing effort to improve patient treatment, a deeper understanding of the symptomatology, physical signs and management options of rare splenic, non-traumatic, benign diseases is extremely important. Patients and Methods : The records of eight consecutive patients with benign splenic conditions, other than injury and abscess, were reviewed retrospectively in order to analyse the clinical presentation, diagnostic methodology and therapeutic procedures applied in these rare conditions.

Of the eight patients, three were diagnosed with splenic hydatid cyst, two with pseudocysts, one with splenic epider-moid cyst, one with wandering spleen and one with infraction of an ectopic spleen with situs inversus of other intraabdominal organs.

Results : Upper abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom and a tender palpable mass in the left upper abdominal quadrant, the predominant clinical finding. Pre-operative CT scanning confirmed the diagnosis in six patients, but failed to reveal the splenic pathology in the remaining two cases. Seven patients underwent splenectomy while saving splenic parenchyma was feasible in only one patient (12,5%).

Conclusions : Splenic, non-traumatic, benign diseases have vague clinical presentation and may create diagnostic difficulties. Although spleen saving intervention can be applied in selected cases, splenectomy would be required in most patients.     

CT引导下经肺或肋膈角射频消融治疗肝顶部肿瘤

目的探讨CT引导下、经肋膈角或肺组织对肝顶部肿瘤进行射频消融治疗的安全性及可行性。方法对45例肝顶部肿瘤患者采用CT引导下经肋膈角或肺组织入路行射频消融治疗。记录过肺组织或肋膈角电极针数目及肺组织内电极针长度。分析围手术期并发症及临床疗效。结果 45例肝顶部肿瘤患者,原发性肝癌34例,转移癌11例。全身麻醉34例,局部麻醉11例。病变最大径0.91~6.67cm,中位数1.83cm。肺组织内电极长度0~59.42mm,中位数9.90mm。单针过肺13例,2针同时过肺13例,3针同时过肺3例,单独1支过肋膈角8例,1支过肋膈角同时1支过肺组织7例,1支过肋膈角同时2支过肺组织1例。无症状少量气胸11例(11/45,24.44%)。肺组织穿刺针道少量出血6例,右肩部疼痛9例,1周左右症状消失。随访3~14个月,局部复发7例(7/45,15.56%)。结论经肋膈角或肺穿刺射频消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤安全可行,尤其对于射频消融治疗时常规路径无法到位的肝顶部肿瘤,可采用此方法。     

直径>5 cm的真性巨大脾动脉瘤诊治分析

目的探讨直径>5 cm的真性巨大脾动脉瘤的临床诊治特点。方法回顾性分析2013年5月至2019年11月收治的3例直径>5 cm的真性巨大脾动脉瘤患者的临床资料,并回顾相关文献。结果男性1例,女性2例,平均年龄60岁。腹痛、腹胀表现1例,左上腹部搏动性包块1例,查体发现1例;2例合并门脉高压症,女性患者均有2次妊娠史,1例左上腹触及搏动性包块,3例患者均行腹部强化CT检查。1例行介入支架腔内隔绝+瘤腔弹簧圈栓塞术;1例行开腹脾动脉瘤切除+脾切除术,术中出血少,未输血;1例行开腹脾动脉瘤切除+脾切除+脾静脉瘤切除+胆囊切除术,术中出血约400 ml,输注红细胞6 U,血浆600 ml。3例均治疗成功,无围术期死亡发生。介入治疗者随访2年3个月,无不适。手术者1例随访6年,预后较好,另1例失访。结论直径>5 cm的真性巨大脾动脉瘤罕见,具有独特的临床特征,手术切除仍是其主要且有效的治疗方法,预后较好。