褪黑激素对17—β—雌二醇诱致的大鼠垂体催乳素瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用

观察不同浓度的褪黑激素 (Melatonin ,MLT)对原代培养的大鼠垂体催乳素瘤细胞增殖的影响。用 80～10 0g体重的雄性Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠 ,皮下埋置雌二醇诱致垂体催乳素瘤 (prolactinoma)形成后 ,取出瘤体 ,经消化、过滤、离心 ,用SFFD培养基重悬细胞 ,得细胞悬液 ,浓度为 0 75× 10 6/mL ,转入 2 4孔培养板中并加入相应剂量的MLT使其终浓度 (mol/L)分别为 10 -5、10 -7、10 -9、10 -11和 10 -13 ,另设空白对照组 ,于 37℃、5 %CO2 条件下培养 1h ,再在每孔中加入 2 μCi [3H] TdR继续孵育 2 4h后测counts/min值。结果显示 ,在对照组和各剂量 (mol/L)MLT用药组 10 -5,10 -7,10 -9,10 -11和 10 -13 的 [3H]-TdR掺入率分别为 2 0 38 75± 186 84,142 1 75±6 4 49,12 38 2 5± 6 1 72 ,92 4 0 0± 6 4 44 ,10 33 2 5± 12 7 2 2和 110 3 2 5± 15 1 5 3counts/min。表明 10 -5～10 -13mol/L的MLT能有效抑制 [3H] TdR在原代培养的垂体催乳素瘤细胞中的掺入 ,P <0 0 0 1。其中 ,以 10 -9mol/L的MLT的抑制作用最强 ,达 5 4 6 8%。提示在培养条件下 ,10 -5～ 10 -13 mol/LMLT能有效地抑制E2 诱导的垂体催乳素瘤细胞的增殖。     

体外培养不同代次成纤维细胞胶原基因表达及成纤维细胞对EGF的反应性

目的　观察体外培养不同代次人成纤维细胞Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原基因的表达及对EGF刺激的反应性。方法　将正常人二倍体成纤维细胞进行连续传代培养 ,以不同代次的细胞为实验对象 ,应用RT PCR、3 H TdR掺入量测定等方法对不同代次细胞进行检测。结果　随细胞代次的增加 ,Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原mRNA含量逐渐降低 ,3 H TdR掺入量降低 ,EGF促进P10 培养的成纤维细胞增殖 ,对衰老成纤维细胞 (P60 )无生长增殖的调控能力。结论　为建立人成纤维细胞衰老模型提供部分实验依据。     

白细胞介素-4对大鼠气道平滑肌细胞的促增生作用

气道平滑肌增殖是支气管哮喘的特征性病理改变。本研究用体外培养的大鼠气道平滑肌细胞 (ASMC) ,观察了白细胞介素 4(IL 4 )对其增殖的影响。实验用四唑盐比色法 (MTT法 )和3 H TdR掺入法。MTT检测结果以OD值表示 ,加入IL 4的 2 4h组和 48h组分别为 0 32 3± 0 0 2 6 (x—±s,下同 )和 0 4 5 3± 0 0 48,比相应时间对照组的 0 191±0 0 18和 0 335± 0 0 6 3明显增加 ,(P均 <0 0 0 1) ;3 H TdR掺入也得到类似结果 ,IL 4 2 4h组 3 H掺入量为 76 5 8± 6 34 ,高于对照组的 6 0 6 0± 6 71counts min(P <0 0 1) ;用MTT检测法还观察到作用 2 4h ,IL 4 +胸腺肽组为 0 30 8± 0 0 0 7、IL 4 +地塞米松组为 0 2 45± 0 0 0 8比IL 4组 0 32 4± 0 0 14降低 (分别P <0 0 5及P <0 0 0 1) ,说明两种药物均可抑制IL 4的促增殖作用。实验表明IL 4可能还通过促进ASMC的增殖参与哮喘发病 ;而抑制IL 4对ASMC的促增殖作用可能是胸腺肽和地塞米松治疗哮喘的机制之一。     

白细胞介素6对哮喘小鼠气道炎症和上皮下纤维化的影响

目的 :研究白细胞介素 6对哮喘小鼠气道炎症和气道结构重建的作用。方法 :雄性BALB C种系小鼠 2 4只 ,随机分成处理组、模型组和对照组 ,每组 8只 ,用卵蛋白致敏和反复激发 4周。每次激发前处理组腹腔内注射 2 0 0 μg白细胞介素 6单克隆抗体 ,模型组注射 2 0 0 μg大鼠IgG ,对照组注射等量的生理盐水。比较 3组气道反应性 (PC1 2 0 )、支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞成分、基底膜和上皮下胶原层厚度的变化。结果 :卵蛋白反复激发诱发小鼠PC1 2 0 显著降低 ,气道内炎症细胞数量明显增多 ,上皮基底膜增厚和上皮下胶原增加。与模型组比较 ,处理组支气管肺泡灌洗液中巨噬细胞、中性白细胞、嗜酸细胞和淋巴细胞明显上升(P <0 0 5 ) ,基底膜和上皮下胶原厚度分别从 (3 1± 0 4 ) μm和 (4 5± 0 3) μm减少至 (2 2± 0 2 ) μm和 (3 5± 0 2 ) μm(P <0 0 5 ) ,但PC1 2 0 无改变 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :白细胞介素 6在哮喘中的作用是抑制气道炎症和促进气道结构重建。     

HBV核心与前S1融合蛋白疫苗对HBV转基因鼠的免疫治疗效果观察

目的　观察乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )病毒核心与前S1融合蛋白疫苗 (HBVCS1)在HBV转基因小鼠中的免疫治疗效果。方法　 6只HBV转基因小鼠分成 2组 ,在 0周和 3周时实验组小鼠腹腔内注射HBVCS1与免疫佐剂 (弗氏完全佐剂 弗氏不完全佐剂 ) ,对照组仅注射弗氏完全佐剂与磷酸盐缓冲液PBS。采用 3H TdR掺入法检测转基因鼠脾淋巴细胞特异性增殖反应 ,以酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中的乙肝病毒表面抗原HBsAg,采用荧光定量PCR检测血清中的HBVDNA。结果　实验组 (1 99± 0 35 )转基因鼠脾细胞抗原特异性增殖反应明显高于对照组 (1 5 6± 0 15 ) ;实验组第 6周 (3 5 8±0 80 )与第 9周 (3 4 5± 0 70 )血清中HBsAg终点滴度与第 0周 (4 36± 1 0 4 )及第 3周 (4 81± 0 98)以及同一时间实验组与对照组之间HBsAg终点滴度均差异有显著意义 ;实验组小鼠第 6周 (4 0 2± 0 2 9)和第 9周 (3 5 8± 0 17)血清中HBVDNA含量明显低于免疫前 (5 5 5± 0 88) ,而对照组各批血清无此差别。结论　HBVCS1蛋白疫苗在HBV转基因小鼠中能诱导特异性免疫 ,并具有抑制HBVDNA复制和HBsAg表达的治疗效果     

IL-1β对AVP诱导大鼠心脏成纤维细胞胶原合成的抑制作用

目的　探讨白介素 1β(IL 1β)对精氨酸加压素(AVP)诱导的新生SD大鼠心脏成纤维细胞 (CF)胶原合成的影响。方法　采用3H 脯氨酸掺入法 ,观察IL 1β对AVP诱导的CF胶原合成的影响。结果　 ( 1)在基础状态下 ,1×10 5U/LIL 1β组CF3H 脯氨酸掺入率为 ( 94 7± 2 1 4)cpm/ 5× 10 3 细胞 ,较对照组〔( 16 5 7± 31 2 )cpm/ 5× 10 3 细胞〕显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ;( 2 )CF3H 脯氨酸掺入率随AVP作用浓度的增加而增高 ,其中 10 7,10 6mol/LAVP组的CF3H 脯氨酸的掺入率分别为 :( 5 41 3± 95 8和 5 6 5± 72 4)cpm/ 5×10 3 细胞 ,明显高于对照组〔( 16 5 7± 31 2 )cpm/ 5× 10 3 细胞 ,P均 <0 0 1〕 ;( 3)IL 1β可以浓度依赖的方式抑制 10 7mol/LAVP诱导的CF3H 脯氨酸掺入率 ,其中 1× 10 5U/LIL 1β AVP组和 2× 10 5U/LIL 1β AVP组CF3H 脯氨酸的掺入率分别为 :( 2 71 3± 42 2和 2 19 7± 37 1)cpm/ 5× 10 3 细胞 ,较AVP组明显降低 (分别为P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)。结论IL 1β可抑制基础状态下和AVP诱导的CF合成胶原 ,对逆转高血压病心肌肥厚可能有一定的作用     

同型半胱氨酸对气道平滑肌细胞及成纤维细胞的影响

目的:探讨同型半胱氨酸(HCY)对气道平滑肌细胞及成纤维细胞的增殖和成纤维细胞胶原生成的影响。方法:在培养的兔气道平滑肌细胞和大鼠成纤维细胞上,用[³H]-胸腺嘧啶和[³H]-脯氨酸掺入方法观察不同浓度HCY对细胞增殖和成纤维细胞胶原生成的影响。 结果:HCY(0.1~1.0 mmol/L)呈浓度依赖性刺激气道平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞增殖,并呈浓度依赖性刺激气道成纤维细胞的胶原合成与分泌。蛋白激酶C抑制剂H7及多粘菌素B可抑制HCY诱导的气道平滑肌细胞增殖。 结论:HCY刺激气道平滑肌 细胞及成纤维细胞增殖,并促进成纤维细胞的胶原合成和分泌。HCY刺激气道平滑肌细胞增殖可能通过PKC信号传导途径。     

整合素beta1亚单位对肝癌细胞与IV型胶原黏附与趋化行为的影响

采用微吸管实验技术 ,测定肝细胞癌 (Hepatocellular carcinom a,HCC)细胞与 IV型胶原裱衬表面的黏附力 ;进一步加入针对整合素 beta1亚单位 (CD2 9)的单克隆抗体 (Anti- CD2 9)处理 HCC细胞 ,观察 Anti- CD2 9对细胞与 IV型胶原裱衬表面的黏附力的影响。采用双微吸管实验法进行 HCC细胞趋化实验 ,在两侧微管内加入相同浓度 (6 0 0μg/ ml )的 IV型胶原 ,并引导微管尖端与同一细胞紧密接触 ,动态观察细胞两侧伪足形成过程 ;在一侧微吸管内加入 2 0μg/ ml Anti- CD2 9,考察 beta1整合素亚单位阻断对 HCC细胞伪足形成的影响。利用流式细胞仪对 HCC细胞表面整合素 beta1亚单位的表达进行分析。结果表明 ,HCC细胞与 5μg/ ml IV型胶原裱衬表面之间的黏附力为 932± 134(× 10 - 1 0 N ,n=6 0 ) ,加入 5μg/ ml Anti- CD2 9黏附力减小到 4 4 9± 119(× 10 - 1 0 N,n=6 0 ) ;加入 10 μg/ ml Anti- CD2 9时黏附力减小到 2 2 0± 78(× 10 - 1 0 N,n=5 5 )。双微吸管趋化实验表明 :两侧微吸管加入相同浓度 IV型胶原 ,细胞向两侧微吸管均有伪足形成 ;在此基础上 ,微吸管加入 Anti- CD2 9的一侧 ,HCC细胞伪足生长曲线呈现明显的抑制 ,而未加入 Anti- CD2 9的微吸管一侧与加入的对侧相比 ,该侧细胞的伪足明显增     

β—淀粉样蛋白31—35和载脂蛋白E4对大鼠海马神经元存活和生长的影响

目的 :研究 β 淀粉样蛋白 (Betaamyloidpritein ,Aβ)与载脂蛋白E4(ApolipoproteinE ,ApoE4)对神经元的共同作用 ,探讨老年性痴呆发病的细胞分子机制。材料与方法 :体外培养神经细胞 ,采用MTT比色法和免疫组化标记 ,结合图像分析技术 ,研究Aβ3 1 3 5和ApoE4对海马神经元存活和生长的作用。结果 :(1 )Aβ3 1 3 5(1 0 0 μmol/L) +ApoE4(1 0 μg/ml)和Aβ3 1 3 5(2 0 μmol/L) +ApoE4(1 0 μg/ml)的OD值 ,分别为 0 .1 97± 0 .0 2 1和 0 .1 91± 0 .0 2 4,明显低于对照组 0 .2 2 9± 0 .0 0 3 μm(P <0 .0 5 )。 (2 )这两组神经元胞体的最长径分别为 1 0 .0 7± 1 .98μm和 1 0 .0 1± 1 .68μm ;最短径分别为 6.40± 0 .77μm ,6.2 8± 0 .89μm ,明显低于对照组 1 2 .73± 3 .0 0 μm、7.0 5± 1 .0 4μm ,Aβ3 1 3 5组 1 2 .0 9± 2 .45 μm、7.0 1± 1 .0 2 μm ,最长径和最短径 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;(3 )两组神经元突起平均长度分别为 2 6.3 6± 7.73 μm和2 3 .86± 7.2 9μm ,明显低于对照组 3 0 .88± 9.79μm、2 8.3 4± 4.40 μm ,P <0 .0 5。 (4 )Aβ3 1 3 5(2 0 μmol/L)组的平均突起长度 (2 6.81± 5 .42 μm) ,明显低于对照组和ApoE4组 3 0 .60± 7.3 0 μm(P <0 .0 5 )。ApoE4对海马神经元的存     

脑室注射L-谷氨酸对成年大鼠下丘脑GnRH含量的影响

目的 :观察脑室注射L -谷氨酸 (L -Glu)对成年雄性Wistar大鼠下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)含量的影响。方法 :摘取下丘脑组织 ,匀浆化 ,用RIA法检测匀浆上清液中GnRH的含量。结果 :脑室分别注射 0 0 1176、0 1176、1 176 0 μg/ 2 0 μl-1 -1L -Glu后 40分钟 ,下丘脑GnRH含量依次为 1 5 9± 0 41、0 88± 0 34、0 70± 0 42ng/ 10mg湿重 ,均显著低于盐水对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;脑室注射 0 1176 μg/ 2 0 μl-1·-1L -Glu后 2 0、40、12 0分钟 ,下丘脑GnRH含量依次为 0 99± 0 37、0 88± 0 34、1 2 6± 0 39ng/ 10mg湿重 ,亦均显著低于盐水对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。脑室注射L -Glu对下丘脑GnRH含量的降低作用呈现剂量与时间依从关系。而脑室注射3H -Glu 2 μCi/ 2 0 μl-1·-1后 40分钟发现 ,大脑、小脑、垂体、下丘脑内侧基底部 (MBH)和视前区 (POA) 5个不同部位脑组织中以MBH对3H -Glu的摄取量最大 (10 6 9 82± 490 33cpm/ 10mg湿重 )。结论 :L -Glu可能参与了大鼠下丘脑GnRH神经元功能活动的调节。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.